Yaren shirye-shiryen da ba kasafai ba kuma mafi tsada. Kashi na II

Kwanan nan, ga masu karatun Habr, na gudanar da gajeriyar hanya binciken harsunan shirye-shirye kamar Rust, Dart, Erlang, don gano yadda suke da wuya a kasuwar IT ta Rasha.

Dangane da bincike na, ƙarin sharhi da tambayoyi game da wasu harsuna sun taru a ciki. Na yanke shawarar tattara duk maganganun ku kuma in gudanar da wani bincike.

Binciken ya haɗa da harsuna: Forth, Ceylon, Scala, Perl, Cobol, da kuma wasu harsuna. Gabaɗaya, na yi nazarin harsunan shirye-shirye guda 10.

Don sanya shi dacewa a gare ku don fahimtar bayanai, na raba yaruka na yanayi zuwa rukuni biyu: rare (babu buƙatu da ƙarancin wadata) da mashahuri (harshen yana buƙata akan kasuwar IT ta Rasha).

Bincikena, kamar lokacin ƙarshe, ya dogara ne akan bayanan da aka karɓa daga tashar Headhunter, daga dandalin sada zumunta na LinkedIn, da kuma ƙididdiga na sirri daga hukumara. Don ƙarin ingantacciyar nazarin yarukan da ba kasafai ba, Na yi amfani da sabis na Hayar da Amazing.

Ga waɗanda ba su san menene Amazing Hiring ba, zan gaya muku. Wannan sabis ne na musamman wanda ke "bayyana" duk bayanai game da ƙwararru daga ko'ina cikin Intanet. Tare da taimakonsa, zaku iya gano ƙwararrun ƙwararru nawa ke nuna takamaiman harshe a cikin ƙwarewar su.

Don haka, bari mu fara da shahararrun yarukan shirye-shirye.

Shahararrun harsuna

Verilog, VHDL

Waɗannan manyan harsunan bayanin kayan masarufi sun shahara sosai a kasuwar IT ta Rasha. Kwararru 1870 sun nuna akan Headhunter cewa sun san Verilog. Tambayar VHDL ta dawo da ci gaba 1159. Kwararru 613 sun rubuta a cikin harsunan biyu. Masu haɓakawa guda biyu sun haɗa da ilimin VHDL/Verilog a cikin taken ci gaba. Na dabam, an san Verilog a matsayin babba - 19 masu haɓakawa, VHDL - 23.

Akwai kamfanoni 68 da ke ba da ayyukan yi ga masu haɓakawa waɗanda suka san VHDL, da 85 na Verilog. Daga cikin waɗannan, akwai jimillar guraben aiki 56. Ana buga guraben aiki 74 akan LinkedIn.

Abin sha'awa, harsuna sun shahara tsakanin ƙwararrun matasa masu shekaru 18 zuwa 30.

Tun da VHDL da Verilog sau da yawa suna tafiya tare, na nuna kimanin rabon adadin sake dawowa zuwa adadin guraben aiki ta amfani da misalin harshen VHDL. Don bayyananniyar haske, na bayyana daban-daban masu haɓakawa waɗanda suka nuna ilimin VHDL a cikin taken ci gaba na su, wanda za'a iya gani a cikin adadi:

Hoton yana nuna rabon adadin guraben da aka sake bugawa. Ana nuna masu haɓaka bayanin kayan aikin VHDL da ja.

Scala

Wataƙila ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kuma yarukan da ake nema a cikin jerin. Harshen ya shiga cikin kowane irin kima Stackoverflow. Tana matsayi na 18 a cikin jerin shahararrun harsuna. Hakanan yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan da aka fi so tsakanin masu haɓaka harshe, suna ɗaukar matsayi na 12 a cikin martaba kuma, ƙari, Stackoverflow classified Scala a matsayin ɗayan mafi tsadar harsunan shirye-shirye. Harshen yana nan da nan a bayan harshen shirye-shiryen Erlang, yana ɗaukar matsayi na 8. Matsakaicin albashin duniya na mai haɓaka Scala shine $67000. Ana biyan masu haɓaka Scala mafi yawa a cikin Amurka.

A kan Headhunter, ƙwararrun 166 sun haɗa da ilimin Scala a cikin taken ci gaba na su. An buga jimlar ci gaba 1392 akan Headhunter. Wannan harshe ya shahara sosai a tsakanin ƙwararrun matasa. Yawancin lokaci Scala yana tafiya kusa da Java. Akwai 2593 sake dawowa akan Linkedin, wanda 199 sune masu haɓaka Scala.

Idan muka yi magana game da buƙata, duk abin da ya fi kyau a nan. Akwai guraben aiki guda 515 akan Headhunter, wanda 80 ke da Scala da aka jera a cikin take. Akwai kamfanoni 36 da ke neman masu haɓaka Scala akan LinkedIn. A cikin duka, kamfanoni 283 suna ba da ayyuka ga mutanen da suka san Scala.

Hoton yana nuna rabon adadin guraben da aka sake bugawa. Su kansu masu haɓaka Scala ana nuna su da ja.

Bugu da ƙari, cewa masu haɓaka Scala suna buƙatar kasuwa a Rasha, suna karɓar albashi mai yawa. Dangane da kididdigar hukumar ta, masu haɓaka Scala sun fi masu haɓaka Java tsada. A halin yanzu muna neman mai haɓaka Scala don kamfanin Moscow. Matsakaicin albashin da ma'aikata ke bayarwa ga ƙwararrun ƙwararrun matakin + yana farawa daga 250 dubu rubles.

Perl

Mafi yawan "yawan" daya a cikin jerin yaruka na da ba kasafai ba shine Perl. Fiye da ƙwararrun IT 11000 sun jera ilimin Perl a matsayin babbar fasaha, kuma 319 daga cikinsu sun haɗa da ilimin harshe a cikin taken ci gaba. A kan LinkedIn na sami ƙwararrun 6585 waɗanda suka san Perl. Akwai guraben aiki 569 akan Headhunter, 356 akan LinkedIn.

Akwai ƙarancin masu haɓakawa waɗanda suka sanya ilimin Perl cikin taken ci gaban su fiye da guraben da aka buga. Perl ba sanannen yare ne kawai ba, har ila yau yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan da ake buƙata a kasuwa. Wannan shine yadda kididdigar ta yi kama:

Stats Stackoverflow ya nuna cewa Perl yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan shirye-shirye mafi tsada (matsakaicin matsakaicin duniya shine $ 69) kuma ɗayan mafi shahara a duniya. Fiye da 000% na masu haɓaka suna magana Perl.

Duk da yawan yaɗuwar harshe, ana ba masu haɓaka Perl aiki ta ayyukan da suka daɗe da wanzuwa a kasuwar IT. A cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata, hukumar ta ba ta taɓa samun buƙatun neman mai haɓaka Perl don sabon aikin IT ko farawa ba.

Isticsididdiga:

Idan muka kwatanta buƙatun duk sanannun yarukan shirye-shirye, za mu sami wani abu kamar haka: yaren da ya fi shahara tsakanin waɗanda ake amfani da su shine Perl. Akwai jimillar tayin ayyuka 925 akan HeadHunter da LinkedIn ga waɗanda suka san Perl. Scala baya nisa a bayan Perl. Akwai tayin 798 akan tashoshi.

Hotunan da aka gabatar suna nuna adadin guraben da aka buga don harsunan shirye-shirye: VHDL, Scala, Perl.

Yarukan shirye-shirye da ba kasafai ba

Makoma

Harshen shirye-shirye na Forth ya bayyana a cikin 70s. Yanzu ba a buƙata a kasuwar Rasha ba. Babu guraben aiki akan Headhunter ko LinkedIn. Kwararru 166 akan Headhunter da 25 akan LinkedIn sun nuna ƙwarewar harshen su a cikin ci gaba da karatun su.

Yawancin masu nema suna da fiye da shekaru 6 na ƙwarewar aiki. Kwararru masu ilimin gaba suna buƙatar albashi iri-iri daga 20 dubu rubles kuma har zuwa 500 dubu rubles.

Cobol

Ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin harsunan shirye-shirye. Yawancin masu haɓakawa wakilai ne na ƙungiyar tsofaffi (fiye da shekaru 50) tare da ƙwarewar aiki mai ban sha'awa. Wannan kuma yana tabbatar da sabon ƙima Stackoverflow, wanda ya ambaci cewa mafi yawan ƙwararrun masu shirye-shirye suna rubuta a cikin Cobol da Perl.

Gabaɗaya, na sami ci gaba 362 akan Headhunter kuma 108 sun sake komawa akan LinkedIn. An haɗa ilimin cobol na ƙwararru 13 a cikin taken ci gaba. Kamar yadda yake tare da Forth, a halin yanzu babu wani tayin aiki ga waɗanda suka san Cobol. Akwai sarari guda ɗaya kawai akan LinkedIn don masu haɓaka Cobol.

Rexx

IBM ne ya haɓaka kuma ya kai kololuwar shahararsa a cikin shekarun 90s, Rexx a yau ya zama ɗayan yarukan da ba a taɓa gani ba akan jerina.
Masu haɓakawa 186 sun jera ilimin Rexx akan aikin Headhunter, da 114 akan LinkedIn. Koyaya, ban sami damar samun guraben guraben karatu don Rexx mai ilimi akan kowace tashoshi ba.

Tcl

Akwai bukatar harshen, amma ba zan rarraba harshen kamar yadda ake bukata ba. Akwai guraben aiki 33 akan Headhunter da 11 akan LinkedIn. Albashin da aka ba wa mutanen da ke da ilimin "Tikl" ba shi da yawa: daga 65 dubu rubles zuwa dubu 150. Masu haɓaka 379 a kan Headhunter da 465 akan Linkedin sun nuna cewa sun san harshen. Mai haɓakawa ɗaya ne kawai ya jera ikon mallakar Tcl a cikin taken ci gaba nasa.

Wannan shine abin da rabon adadin guraben aiki zuwa adadin ci gaba da ke ɗauke da fasahar Tcl yayi kama da:

Clarion

Ban ga wasu ayyuka masu aiki da ke buƙatar sanin Clarion ba. Duk da haka, akwai shawara. Mutane 162 sun nuna a kan LinkedIn cewa sun san wannan harshe, kuma a kan Headhunter - ƙwararrun 502, waɗanda uku sun haɗa da fasaha a cikin taken ci gaba. Amazing Hiring ya sami ƙwararrun 158 waɗanda suka saba da yaren Clarion.

Ceylon

Red Hat ne ya haɓaka a cikin 2011. Bisa Java. Saboda haka sunan harshen: tsibirin Java an san shi a matsayin mai sayar da kofi, kuma tsibirin Sri Lanka, wanda aka fi sani da Ceylon, shine mai samar da shayi a duniya.

Harshen yana da wuyar gaske. Babu guraben aiki kuma kusan babu ci gaba. Mun sami nasarar nemo ainihin ci gaba ɗaya akan Headhunter. Sabis ɗin Hayar Amazing yana ba da ƙwararru 37 kawai a duk faɗin Rasha.

Isticsididdiga:

Idan kun kwatanta duk yarukan da ba safai ba da adadin sake dawowa, kuna samun ƙididdiga masu ban sha'awa: akan LinkedIn, mafi yawan ƙwararrun masana sun nuna ilimin Tcl, kuma a kan Headhunter, Clarion shine yaren da ya fi shahara a jerin. Yare mafi ƙarancin shahara tsakanin masu haɓakawa shine Cobol.


Ƙananan bincike na ya nuna cewa Ceylon ya zama yare mafi ƙarancin gaske; babu buƙata ko wadata a cikin kasuwar IT ta Rasha. Harsunan da ba safai ba kuma sun haɗa da Forth, Cobol, Clarion, Rexx. Perl da Scala sun zama sanannen kuma sanannen harsuna. Ana iya cire su cikin aminci daga jerin harsunan shirye-shirye da ba kasafai ba.

source: www.habr.com