Winter yana zuwa. A hankali ana maye gurbin masu sarrafa dabaru na shirye-shirye (PLCs) da kwamfutoci na sirri da aka saka. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙarfin kwamfuta yana ba da damar na'ura guda ɗaya ta haɗa da aikin na'ura mai sarrafa shirye-shirye, uwar garken, da (idan na'urar tana da fitarwa na HDMI) kuma na'ura mai sarrafa kansa. Jimlar: Sabar gidan yanar gizo, sashin OPC, bayanan bayanai da wurin aiki a cikin akwati guda, kuma duk wannan don farashin PLC ɗaya.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu yi la'akari da yiwuwar yin amfani da irin waɗannan kwamfutoci da aka saka a masana'antu. Bari mu dauki na'urar dangane da Rasberi Pi a matsayin tushen, mataki-mataki bayyana aiwatar da installing wani free Open Source SCADA tsarin na Rasha zane a kai - Rapid SCADA, da kuma ci gaba da wani aiki ga wani m kwampreso tashar, da ayyuka. wanda zai hada da sarrafa ramut na compressor da bawuloli guda uku, da kuma hangen nesa na tsarin samar da iska.
Nan da nan bari mu yi ajiyar wuri cewa za a iya magance matsalar ta hanyoyi biyu. Ainihin, ba su bambanta da juna ta kowace hanya ba, tambayar kawai ita ce kayan ado da kayan aiki. Don haka, muna buƙatar:
1.1 Zaɓin farko yana nuna kasancewar Rasberi Pi 2/3/4 kanta, da kuma kasancewar mai canza USB-zuwa-RS485 (abin da ake kira "whistle", wanda za'a iya ba da oda daga Alliexpress).
Hoto 1 - Rasberi Pi 2 da USB zuwa RS485 mai musanya
1.2 Zaɓi na biyu ya haɗa da duk wani bayani da aka shirya bisa Rasberi, wanda aka ba da shawarar don shigarwa a cikin mahallin masana'antu tare da ginanniyar tashar jiragen ruwa na RS485. Misali, kamar a cikin Hoto 2, bisa tsarin Rasberi CM3+.
Hoto 2 - Na'urar AntexGate
2. Na'ura tare da Modbus don yawancin rajistar sarrafawa;
3. Windows PC don saita aikin.
Matakan haɓakawa:
Sashe na I. Sanya Rapid SCADA akan Rasberi
1. Cika akan gidan yanar gizon Rapid Scada don samun rarrabawa kuma zazzage sabuwar sigar Linux.
2. Cire fayilolin da aka sauke kuma kwafi babban fayil ɗin "scada" zuwa kundin adireshi / fita na'urorin.
3. Sanya rubutun uku daga babban fayil na "daemons" a cikin kundin adireshi /etc/init.d
4. Muna ba da cikakkiyar dama ga manyan fayilolin aikace-aikacen guda uku:
sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx /opt/scada/ScadaWeb/config
sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx /opt/scada/ScadaWeb/log
sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx /opt/scada/ScadaWeb/storage⠀5. Yin rubutun aiwatarwa:
sudo chmod +x /opt/scada/make_executable.sh
sudo /opt/scada/make_executable.sh⠀6. Ƙara wurin ajiya:
sudo apt install apt-transport-https dirmngr gnupg ca-certificates
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF
echo "deb https://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian stable-stretch main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-official-stable.list
sudo apt update⠀7. Shigar Mono .NET Tsarin:
sudo apt-get install mono-complete⠀8. Shigar uwar garken HTTP Apache:
sudo apt-get install apache2⠀9. Sanya ƙarin kayayyaki:
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-mono mono-apache-server4⠀10. Ƙirƙiri hanyar haɗi zuwa aikace-aikacen Yanar Gizo:
sudo ln -s /opt/scada/ScadaWeb /var/www/html/scada⠀11. Kwafi fayil ɗin daga rumbun da aka zazzage a cikin babban fayil "apache". scada.conf zuwa directory / sauransu / apache2 / shafuka-samuwa
sudo a2ensite scada.conf⠀12. Mu gangara ta wannan hanya sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf kuma ƙara waɗannan zuwa ƙarshen fayil ɗin:
<Directory /var/www/html/scada/>
<FilesMatch ".(xml|log|bak)$">
Require all denied
</FilesMatch>
</Directory>⠀13. aiwatar da rubutun:
sudo /opt/scada/svc_install.sh⠀14. Sake yi Rasberi:
sudo reboot⠀15. Bude gidan yanar gizon:
http://IP-адрес устройства/scada⠀16. A cikin taga da yake buɗewa, shigar da shigar ku "Admin" da kalmar sirri «12345».
Kashi na II. Sanya Rapid SCADA akan Windows
Shigar da Rapid SCADA akan Windows za a buƙaci don saita Rasberi da tsarin aikin. A cikin ka'idar, zaku iya yin wannan akan rasberi kanta, amma tallafin fasaha ya ba mu shawarar yin amfani da yanayin ci gaba akan Windows, tunda yana aiki daidai a nan fiye da Linux.
Don haka bari mu fara:
- Muna sabunta tsarin Microsoft .NET zuwa sabon sigar;
- Zazzagewa Saurin SCADA don Windows kuma shigar da layi;
- Kaddamar da aikace-aikacen "Administrator". A ciki za mu bunkasa aikin da kansa.
Lokacin tasowa, kuna buƙatar kula da wasu batutuwa:
1. Lambobin rajista a cikin wannan tsarin na SCADA yana farawa daga adireshin 1, don haka dole ne mu ƙara yawan rajistar mu da ɗaya. A cikin yanayinmu shine: 512+1 da sauransu:
Hoto 3 - Lissafin rajista a cikin Rapid SCADA (wanda ake iya danna hoton)
2. Don sake saita kundayen adireshi da kuma tura aikin daidai akan tsarin aiki na Linux, a cikin saitunan kuna buƙatar zuwa "Server" -> "General Settings" kuma danna maɓallin "Don Linux":
Hoto 4 - Sake saita kundayen adireshi a cikin Rapid SCADA (wanda ake iya danna hoton)
3. Ƙayyade tashar zabe don Modbus RTU kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin tsarin Linux na na'urar. A wajenmu haka yake /dev/ttyUSB0
Hoto 5 - Sake saita kundayen adireshi a cikin Rapid SCADA (wanda ake iya danna hoton)
Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi, ana iya samun duk ƙarin umarnin shigarwa daga ko a kan su .
Kashi na III. Ci gaban aikin da zazzagewa zuwa na'urar
An ƙirƙiri haɓakawa da hangen nesa na aikin kai tsaye a cikin mai binciken kansa. Wannan ba gaba ɗaya ba ne na al'ada bayan tsarin SCADA na tebur, amma yana da yawa.
Na dabam, Ina so in lura da ƙayyadaddun abubuwan gani (Hoto na 6). Abubuwan da aka gina a ciki sun haɗa da LED, maɓalli, maɓallin juyawa, hanyar haɗi da mai nuni. Koyaya, babban ƙari shine wannan tsarin SCADA yana goyan bayan hotuna da rubutu masu ƙarfi. Tare da ƙaramin ilimin masu gyara hoto (Corel, Adobe Photoshop, da sauransu), zaku iya ƙirƙirar ɗakunan karatu na hotuna, abubuwa da laushi, da goyan bayan abubuwan GIF zai ba ku damar ƙara raye-raye zuwa hangen nesa na tsarin fasaha.
Hoto 6 - Kayan aikin editan tsari a cikin Rapid SCADA
A cikin tsarin wannan labarin, babu wata manufa don bayyana mataki-mataki tsarin ƙirƙirar aiki a cikin sauri SCADA. Don haka, ba za mu tsaya a kan wannan batu dalla-dalla ba. A cikin mahallin haɓakawa, aikinmu mai sauƙi "Tsarin samar da iska" don tashar kwampreso yayi kama da wannan (Hoto 7):
Hoto 7 - Editan tsari a cikin Rapid SCADA (ana iya danna hoto)
Na gaba, loda aikin mu zuwa na'urar. Don yin wannan, muna nuna adireshin IP na na'urar don canja wurin aikin ba zuwa localhost ba, amma zuwa kwamfutar mu da aka saka:
Hoto 8 - Loda aikin zuwa na'urar a cikin Rapid SCADA (ana iya danna hoton)
A sakamakon haka, mun sami wani abu makamancin haka (Hoto na 9). A gefen hagu na allon akwai LEDs waɗanda ke nuna yanayin aiki na gabaɗayan tsarin (kwamfuta), da kuma yanayin aiki na bawuloli (buɗe ko rufe), kuma a tsakiyar ɓangaren allon akwai hangen nesa. na tsarin fasaha tare da ikon sarrafa na'urori ta amfani da maɓalli masu juyawa. Lokacin da aka buɗe wani bawul na musamman, launi na bawul ɗin kanta da madaidaicin babbar hanyar yana canzawa daga launin toka zuwa kore.
Hoto 9 - Aikin tashar Compressor (ana iya danna GIF animation)
za ku iya sauke fayil ɗin wannan aikin don dubawa.
Hoto na 10 yana nuna yadda sakamakon gabaɗaya yayi kama.
Hoto 10 - Tsarin SCADA akan Rasberi
binciken
Fitowar kwamfutocin masana'antu masu ƙarfi suna ba da damar haɓakawa da haɓaka ayyukan masu sarrafa dabaru na shirye-shirye. Shigar da irin wannan tsarin SCADA akan su na iya rufe ayyukan ƙananan samarwa ko hanyoyin fasaha. Don manyan ayyuka tare da ɗimbin masu amfani ko ƙarin buƙatun tsaro, da alama za ku iya shigar da cikakkun sabar sabar, akwatunan sarrafa kayan aiki da PLC na yau da kullun. Koyaya, don matsakaici da ƙananan wuraren sarrafa kansa kamar ƙananan gine-ginen masana'antu, gidajen tukunyar jirgi, tashoshin famfo ko gidaje masu wayo, irin wannan mafita yana kama da dacewa. Bisa ga lissafin mu, irin waɗannan na'urori sun dace da ayyuka masu har zuwa 500 shigarwar bayanai / abubuwan fitarwa.
Idan kuna da gogewa a cikin zane a cikin editocin hoto daban-daban kuma ba ku kula da gaskiyar cewa dole ne ku ƙirƙiri abubuwa na zane-zanen mnemonic da kanku, to zaɓi tare da Rapid SCADA don Rasberi yana da kyau sosai. Ayyukansa azaman bayani da aka shirya yana da ɗan iyakancewa, tun da yake Buɗewa ne, amma har yanzu yana ba ku damar rufe ayyukan ƙaramin ginin masana'antu. Don haka, idan kun shirya samfuran hangen nesa don kanku, to yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da wannan maganin don haɗawa, idan ba duka ba, to, wani ɓangare na ayyukan ku.
Don haka, don fahimtar yadda amfanin irin wannan mafita akan Rasberi zai iya zama a gare ku da kuma yadda ayyukanku za su iya zama tare da tsarin SCADA na Open Source akan Linux, tambaya mai ma'ana ta taso: wane tsarin SCADA kuke amfani da shi sau da yawa?
Masu amfani da rajista kawai za su iya shiga cikin binciken. don Allah.
Wadanne tsarin SCADA kuke amfani da su akai-akai?
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35.2%SIMATIC WinCC (TIA Portal)18
-
7.8%Intouch Wonderware4
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5.8%Yanayin ganowa3
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15.6%CodeSys8
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0%Farawa 0
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3.9%PCVue Solutions2
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3.9%Vijeo Citect2
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17.6%Jagora SCADA9
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3.9%iRidium mobile2
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3.9%Sauƙaƙe-Scada2
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7.8%Mai sauri SCADA4
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1.9%Babban darajar SCADA1
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39.2%Wani zabin (amsa a sharhi)20
Masu amfani 51 sun kada kuri'a. Masu amfani 33 sun kaurace.
source: www.habr.com