Juyin Halitta na ka'idodin motsawa da ƙarfafawa a cikin haɓaka tsarin bayanai da sauran samfuran fasaha na fasaha suna tasowa. Baya ga na gargajiya, i.e. kawai nau'ikan ɗimbin kuɗi da jari-hujja, madadin nau'ikan sun daɗe suna kasancewa kuma suna ƙara shahara. Rabin karni da suka gabata, katafaren kamfanin IBM, a matsayin wani bangare na shirinta na “Share”, ya yi kira da a rika musayar manhajoji kyauta ga manyan manhajojinsa da wasu masu tsara shirye-shirye suka kirkira (ba don wasu dalilai na sadaka ba, amma hakan bai canja ainihin mahimmin shirin ba). shirin).
A yau: kasuwancin zamantakewa, taron jama'a, "Muna rubuta lamba tare" ("Social Codeing", GitHub da sauran cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a don masu haɓakawa), nau'ikan lasisi daban-daban na ayyukan buɗe tushen kyauta, musayar ra'ayoyi da musayar ilimi kyauta, fasaha, shirye-shirye.
An gabatar da sabon tsarin hulɗar "Ayyukan zamantakewa da ƙira mai buɗewa" da manufar albarkatun bayanan sa (shafin yanar gizo). Mun haɗu da sabon farawa (idan sabon gaske ne). The dabara na samarwa tsarin: sadarwar, co-aiki, bude bidi'a, co-halitta, crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, kimiyya kungiyar aiki (SLO), standardization da unification, typification na mafita, aiki da kuma wadanda ba kudi dalili, free musayar of kwarewa da mafi kyawun ayyuka kwafin hagu, Open Source, freeware da "duk-dukan-duk".
1 Muhalli da iyakokin aikace-aikace
Bari mu yi la'akari da Formats: sadaka, classic kasuwanci, zamantakewa alhakin kasuwanci (classical kasuwanci tare da sadaka), zamantakewa kasuwanci (socially daidaitacce kasuwanci).
Tare da kasuwanci da sadaka, a bayyane yake.
Kasuwancin da ke da alhakin zamantakewar al'umma ya dogara ne akan m kuma ba koyaushe gaskiya bane (akwai keɓancewa), amma musamman bayyananne misali: lokacin da oligarch, ya sace yawan jama'ar garinsa (ƙasar), ya mamaye wani ƙaramin birni, yana da farko, ba shakka, ya siya wa kansa wasu gidaje biyu da jiragen ruwa na alfarma, kungiyar wasanni da sauransu.
Ko kuma ya kirkiro wata gidauniya ta sadaka (watakila da manufar inganta harajin kasuwancinsa).
Kasuwancin zamantakewa shine, a matsayin mai mulkin, "kasuwanci da aka ba da tallafi" da nufin magance matsalolin mazauna masu zaman kansu: marayu, manyan iyalai, masu karbar fansho, da nakasassu.
Duk da cewa "kasuwancin zamantakewar al'umma" shine da farko game da sadaka da kuma na biyu game da samar da kudin shiga, an kuma ƙirƙiri manyan kuɗaɗen kasuwancin zamantakewar al'umma na Rasha tare da kuɗi (jari na kyauta) daga oligarchs. Sau da yawa ana bambanta sana'ar zamantakewa daga sadaka ta hanyar samun kuɗaɗen kai, don haka gabaɗaya, ita ma kasuwanci ce (dan kasuwa = ɗan kasuwa).
Wasu a kan Habré suna da'awar cewa
Hakanan zaka iya ganin misalan ayyukan a can.
Ayyukan zamantakewa da Buɗaɗɗen ƙira - ko TSAYA - yana da ɗan falsafa daban. Wannan tsari na wadanda ba kawai a shirye suke don taimaka wa wasu ba, amma kuma suna son tsara ayyukansu da ayyukan na kusa da su (dukkan al'umma) yadda ya kamata.
Wannan aikin yana nufin samun matsakaicin inganci a cikin ilimi da samarwa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa (tarin aiki), ƙirar buɗewa (gudanar da ayyukan jama'a), daidaitawa da haɓaka hanyoyin ƙirar ƙira, haɓaka ra'ayoyi da gina dandamali na asali na duniya dangane da su, kwafi na daidaitattun ayyukan. da kuma aron mafi kyawun mafita (ayyuka) maimakon "sake sabunta dabaran", watau. sake amfani da aikin wasu.
A matakin farko na wannan motsi, ya kamata a aiwatar da ci gaba bisa ga jama'a: hakika ayyuka masu amfani na zamantakewa yawanci suna ɗaukar ka'idodin jama'a. Motsin ya dogara ne akan hanyoyi masu zuwa:
x-aiki (aiki, da dai sauransu), x - kayan aiki (crowdsourcing, da dai sauransu), jawo hankalin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun biyu - ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru (ɗalibai) zuwa ayyukan, watau. "taro da fasaha shine taken...". Wani muhimmin sashi shine tsarin aikin kimiyya.
Ana iya amfani da manufar "Ayyukan zamantakewa da kuma bude zane" a cikin bangarori daban-daban na rayuwar jama'a, amma a nan za mu iyakance kanmu ga yanayin IT. Saboda haka, reshen STOP dangane da IT (automation) ana kuma kiransa STOPIT: STOP project akan batutuwan IT. Kodayake wannan yanki ne na sharadi, tun da, alal misali, fasahar gudanarwa don gudanar da ayyuka da matakai ana daukar su "IT", amma ana amfani da su ba kawai a cikin ayyukan sarrafa kansa ba.
Akwai irin wannan nau'i, misali, aiki ne na ilimantar da jama'a da nufin haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin sassan masu zaman kansu da ƙwararrun IT.
Koyaya, STOPIT - yana mai da hankali kan duk wani "buƙata da tayi" mai tushen IT. STOPIT ba kawai aikin ilimi ba ne, ba kawai "haɗin kai tsakanin sassan masu zaman kansu da ƙwararrun IT" da sauran "ba kawai".
Ayyukan zamantakewa da kuma buɗe ƙira sune tushen IT na sabon nau'in kasuwancin zamantakewa, inda kalmar "kasuwanci" ta fi maye gurbin "ayyukan".
2 Ma'anar "Ayyukan zamantakewa da budewa" da kuma dalili
Matsayi
Manufar STOPIT IT greenhouse ta ƙunshi ayyuka uku: Abokin ciniki, Matsakaici, Mai Aikata. Abokin ciniki ya ƙirƙira "buƙata", ko fiye daidai, tambaya kuma ya tsara "abin da ya kamata a yi." Abokin ciniki shine kowane kamfani ko mutum wanda ke son magance takamaiman matsala da ke fuskantarsa. A wannan yanayin, sarrafa wani abu ta atomatik.
Mai yin wasan ya samar da "shawara", watau. sanar da "abin da yake shirye ya yi." Dan kwangila kamfani ne, ƙungiyar masu haɓakawa, ko kuma kawai mai haɓakawa wanda ke shirye, a cikin yanayin gabaɗaya, "akan son rai" (kyauta) don magance matsala ga Abokin ciniki.
Matsakaici batu ne wanda ke haɗa "buƙata" da "sayarwa" kuma yana sarrafa maganin matsalar, gamsuwar abokin ciniki da mai kwangila. Gamsar da shi kansa dan kwangila yana da mahimmanci, saboda A cikin yanayin gabaɗaya, muna magana ne game da aiki “a kan son rai.” Maimakon ka'idar: "An karɓi kuɗin don aikin, amma ciyawa ba za ta yi girma a can ba," a cikin wannan yanayin lamarin ya fara aiki wanda mai kwangila yana sha'awar gabatar da samfurinsa ta hanyar rashin kudi. Kuma wannan wani lokaci “ya fi kuɗi tsada.”
A hanyar, fasahar STOPIT ta sauƙi ta shawo kan wani matsala na tsarin IT na zamani: idan Abokin ciniki ya gamsu, to, aikin aiwatarwa yana dauke da nasara duk da ma'auni na haƙiƙa na yarda da tsarin ƙira tare da aikin da aka sanya. A cikin yanayinmu, kulawar jama'a zai bayyana irin wannan yanayin, kuma kimantawar jama'a game da nasarar aikin aiwatarwa ba zai dogara ne akan ka'idar da aka sani ba "ba ka buƙatar yin tunani game da ingancin aikin idan kai da Abokin ciniki sun barci barci. tare da salati iri ɗaya,” amma akan rubutu.
2.1 Ƙarfafa abokin ciniki
Kullum kuna son samun tsarin sarrafa kansa kyauta ko “kusan kyauta”, wanda babu kuɗi ko “ba a bayyana wanda za ku zaɓa ba”, saboda... "kowane mai sayarwa yana yabon samfurinsa" (ko da samfurin ba shi da amfani). Ga mutane da yawa, alamar farashin ayyukan IT ya zama haramun. A ina zan iya samun daidaitattun daidaitattun daidaitattun hanyoyin ajin Open Source freeware da albarkatu mara tsada don aiwatarwa da kulawa na gaba?
Wani lokaci ana buƙatar ayyuka na lokaci ɗaya ko aikin shine duba "wannan wajibi ne", "yaya yake aiki bisa manufa". Misali, kamfanin ba shi da ofishin ayyuka, amma ina so in fahimci yadda aikin zai gudana idan a can ne. “Mai sarrafa ayyukan waje” (mai gudanar da ayyukan), misali, ɗalibi ko mai zaman kansa, ana ɗaukar hayar bisa son rai.
A cikin tsarin tsarin STOPIT, Abokin ciniki yana karɓar shirye-shiryen warware matsalarsa tare da lambar tushe, lasisin kyauta, yuwuwar kwafi, haɓaka ra'ayi na gine-ginen mafita, da lambar da aka rubuta. A matsayin wani ɓangare na tattaunawar aiwatarwa, ya sami damar ganin madadin mafita kuma ya zaɓi zaɓi (amince da zaɓi).
Ana fatan cewa tsarin da aka tsara zai haifar da halin da ake ciki: idan kungiyoyi da yawa suna buƙatar magance irin wannan matsala (dukansu suna buƙatar samfurin guda ɗaya), to yana da kyau a yi ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwa don samar da daidaitaccen bayani (ko dandamali) da kuma warware matsalar. matsala a kan tushenta, watau. Sun taru, suka samar da mafita ta asali tare, sannan kowanne da kansa ya tsara tsarin gaba daya na kansa (daidaita shi).
Bambance-bambancen taron jama'a yana yiwuwa, ko kuma kawai bambance-bambancen aiki tare a kan aiki ɗaya bisa ga ka'idodin: "kai ɗaya yana da kyau, amma biyu sun fi kyau" ko ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar tilastawa kamar: Zan taimake ku da aikinku, kuma za ku taimake ni da nawa, saboda Kuna da kwarewa a cikina, kuma ina da kwarewa a aikinku.
An gabatar da Abokin Ciniki tare da saitin buƙatun, amma ba mu yi la'akari da su ba tukuna (yafi buƙatar bayyana tarihin aiwatarwa, a fili kula da bug tracker, da dai sauransu).
2.2 Ƙarfafawar Mai Yin
Ajin tushe na masu yin wasan kwaikwayo, aƙalla a farkon haɓakar jagorar STOPIT, yakamata ya zama ƙungiyoyin ayyukan ɗalibai. Yana da mahimmanci dalibi ya: yin aiki a kan matsala mai mahimmanci, samun kwarewa mai amfani, ganin cewa aikinsa bai shiga cikin shara ba, amma an yi amfani da shi (an yi amfani da shi kuma yana kawo amfani ga mutane).
Wataƙila yana da mahimmanci ga ɗalibi ya cika littafin rikodin aikin (kwarewar aikin rikodi), ya haɗa da ayyukan gaske a cikin fayil ɗin sa ("Tarihin nasara" tun daga shekarar farko ta jami'a), da dai sauransu.
Wataƙila mai zaman kansa yana so ya haɗa da aiwatar da wannan takamaiman aikin (wannan kamfani) a cikin fayil ɗin sa kuma yana shirye ya yi aiki kyauta.
Idan ya cancanta, Mai shiga tsakani na iya tsara kulawar aiki ko samar da ƙwararren mashawarci don tabbatar da ingantacciyar ingancin warware matsala ta novice masu ƙira. A wannan yanayin, dalili na ɗalibi ko mai zaman kansa ɗaya na iya dogara ne kawai akan yin aiki akan wani aiki tare da sa hannu na "sanannen guru" da aka sanya wa wannan aikin.
Don haka, masu yin ba lallai ba ne ƴan agaji da masu taimakon jama'a, kodayake ƙwararrun masu haɓakawa za su iya faɗuwa ƙarƙashin wannan ma'anar. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da na ƙarshe a cikin tsarin STOPIT a matsayin ƙungiyar masu ba da shawara (masu ba da shawara) ko manyan masu zane-zane ko don jawo hankalin su don aiwatar da "ayyukan da suka dace" waɗanda ke ɗaga hoton wani shafin aikin STOPIT.
Jami'o'in da ke shiga cikin STOPIT za su iya fahimtar ƙalubalen rayuwa na gaske waɗanda waɗanda suka kammala karatunsu za su buƙaci magance. Masu zartarwa da kansu za a iya ɗaukar hayar su daga baya don tallafawa ci gaban nasu (shirye-shiryen). Gidauniyar za ta iya shirya gasa da kuma ƙarfafa ƙwararrun masu yin aiki (Jami'o'i), gami da ta hanyar asusu na musamman na gudummawa daga Abokan ciniki da kansu, waɗanda za su ba da gudummawar "don farin ciki" na kayan aiki na kyauta, amma matuƙar tasiri (shirin) a gare su.
Gabaɗaya, ga ɗalibi, "farin ciki No. 1" shine lokacin da ya riga ya warware matsalolin aiki a cibiyar, watau. ba tatsuniyoyi ba, amma na gaske (ko da bai kammala su ba ko kuma kawai ya kammala wani babban aiki). "Happiness No. 2" - lokacin da aikinsa ya kasance da amfani sosai a rayuwa (an aiwatar da shi), watau. aikinsa "ba a jefa shi cikin kwandon shara ba" nan da nan bayan kare aikin. Menene idan, ban da wannan, akwai ƙaramin motsa jiki na kuɗi?
Kuma ba lallai ba ne a cikin tsarin kuɗi: asusun ƙarfafawa na iya haɗawa da guraben horon horo, karatu (ingantattun horo), da sauran ayyukan da aka riga aka biya na ilimi ko waɗanda ba na ilimi ba.
Matsayi mai tsarki na "altruist-philanthropist" ya kamata kuma ya sami kansa a STOPIT. Mai son kai na kansa ne, mai son kai na mutane ne. Misanthrope shine misanthrope, mai taimakon jama'a yana son ɗan adam. Mai son rai kuma mai taimakon al'umma yana aiki ne don amfanin al'umma, yana fifita maslahar wasu fiye da nasu. Dukansu suna son ɗan adam kuma suna taimaka masa. Wannan hanya ce mai ƙarfi wacce har yanzu ba ta sami hanyar shiga manyan ayyukan IT ba.
2.3 Ƙungiyoyin ayyukan ɗalibai bege ne na juyin juya halin kimiyya da fasaha na cikin gida
Ina so in jaddada cewa ba kawai ƙungiyoyin ayyukan ɗalibai ana ɗaukarsu azaman Masu aiwatar da ayyukan STOPIT ba, amma ana sanya fata na musamman akan su don juyin juya halin kimiyya da fasaha (STR). Keɓewar tsarin ilimi a halin yanzu daga samarwa, rashin fahimtar ma'aikatan koyarwa na takamaiman ayyuka na samarwa shine matsalar ilimin gida na zamani. A cikin USSR, don ƙarin "zurfin nutsewa" na ɗalibai a cikin samarwa, sun fito da sassan asali na cibiyoyin ilimi a kamfanoni da cibiyoyin bincike.
A yau, wasu har yanzu suna nan, amma “Babban Sakamako” da ake tsammanin bai faru ba.
Da “Babban Sakamako” ina nufin wani abu “bude da babba, watau. masu fa'ida a cikin al'umma akan sikelin duniya." Kama da cibiyoyi na Yamma, alal misali, uwar garken nuni na "X windows system", wanda aka haɓaka a cikin 1984 a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, da duk fannin lasisin MIT.
Daliban mu ba su da ikon yin irin waɗannan dabaru:
Wataƙila ainihin manufar ilimi mai zurfi yana buƙatar canza, misali, a sake yin shi ta hanyar Yamma: ya kamata a haɗa cibiyoyin ilimi da cibiyoyin bincike. Wannan na iya haifar da zargin cewa duk nasarorin da MIT da makamantansu suka samu a danganta su ga cibiyoyin kirkire-kirkire a cibiyoyin, amma a kowane hali, cibiyoyin bincikenmu ba za su iya yin alfahari da wani abu makamancin haka ba.
A cikin wannan ra'ayi, ana iya ɗaukar STOPIT azaman "faci na wucin gadi" har sai jihar "ta farka" kuma ta tuna da buƙatar farfado da ilimi mafi girma.
STOPIT na iya zama madaidaicin allo don NTR. A kowane hali, juyin juya hali - duka a cikin ilimi da kuma hanyoyin da za a tsara da aiwatar da tsarin aiki da kai: bude zane, aro, daidaitawa-haɗin kai, samuwar buɗaɗɗen ka'idoji don tsarin gine-gine, tsarin gine-gine, gine-gine, da dai sauransu.
A kowane hali, binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje da ƙwarewar aiki, har ma da nasara (har ma da "ba haka ba") aiwatarwa, tun daga darussan farko, shine mabuɗin ingantaccen ilimi.
A halin yanzu, dole ne mu karanta tare da baƙin ciki kamar haka:
Ni ɗalibin jami'a ne na shekara ta 2, ina karatu a ƙwararrun ilimin lissafi da kimiyyar kwamfuta, kuma cikin nasara, na sami ƙarin tallafin karatu. Amma, wata rana mai kyau, na gane cewa abin da ake koya mini ya fara yi mini nauyi kuma, ba shakka, na ƙara zama marar hankali da rashin fahimta. Bayan ɗan lokaci, wani ra'ayi ya taso: me ya sa ba za ku aiwatar da wasu ayyukan ku ba, ku sami daraja da kuɗi (na ƙarshe yana da shakka, ba shakka). Amma. Ban sani ba ko ni kaɗai ne ke da wannan matsalar, aƙalla ban sami wani abu a Intanet ba, amma ba zan iya yanke shawarar ainihin abin da zan yi ba. Sashen ya daga hannu ya ce binciken...
Tabbas, ba ina neman ra'ayoyin da aka shirya ba, ina neman amsar tambayar: ta yaya zan iya zuwa wannan da kaina?
Shawarwari ga malamai: Me yasa ɗaliban IT za su ɗora nauyin ayyukan da ba na gaskiya ba (na almara)? Wataƙila kana buƙatar tambayi abokanka abin da ayyukan IT ke gudana a kamfaninsu, abin da ya kamata a yi, wane matsala za a warware. Na gaba, warware matsalar cikin sassa kuma bayar da ita ga dukan rukuni a cikin nau'i na aikin difloma tare da "yanke" matsaloli bisa ga lalata. Za a iya nuna sakamakon da aka samu ga abokai: watakila za su ƙi SAPSAS, da dai sauransu. kuma zaɓi aikin ɗalibi akan injin hagu na Buɗewa?
Misali, aiwatar da "SAPSAS, da dai sauransu." a wasu lokuta yana iya zama bisa ga ka'idar "daga bindiga zuwa sparrows", watau. mafita mafi sauƙi zai dace don magance matsalar; Bugu da ƙari, ingantaccen tattalin arziki na gabatar da irin waɗannan dodanni kusan koyaushe ba su da kyau: sabili da haka, ba a yin nazarin yiwuwar aiwatar da irin waɗannan ayyukan kwata-kwata, ba a buga su ba.
Ko da abokanka sun ce "a'a," to kawai buga maganin ku da kwatanta tare da samfurin gasa - watakila za a sami wanda zai zaɓi maganin ku, idan, ba shakka, yana da gasa. Ana iya yin duk wannan ba tare da dandalin STOPIT ba.
2.4 Abubuwan nasara da aka zaɓa
Maɓallin motsi na motsi ya kamata ya dogara akan waɗannan abubuwa masu zuwa:
A) Bude. Dole ne shirye-shirye su kasance tushen tushe kuma a rubuce sosai. A lokaci guda kuma, baya ga rubuta lambar, ya kamata kuma ya ƙunshi takaddun dabaru (algorithm), wanda zai fi dacewa a cikin ɗayan bayanan zane (BPMN, EPC, UML, da sauransu). "Buɗe" - lambar tushe tana samuwa kuma ba kome ba a cikin wane yanayi aka ƙirƙira aikin da kuma wane harshe ake amfani da shi: Visual Basic ko Java.
B) Kyauta. Mutane da yawa suna so su yi wani abu mai amfani da mahimmanci na zamantakewa, budewa da maimaitawa (mai amfani da yawa): don haka zai zama da amfani ga mutane da yawa kuma su, aƙalla, suna godiya da shi.
Ko da yake wasu mutane suna son "fiye da yawa" fiye da "Na gode", alal misali, ta hanyar tantance lasisin "THE BURGER-WARE LICENSE" kai tsaye a cikin lambar shirin su (tag "zagi"):
#############
Sub saka Hoton(…
' "LASIN BURGER-WARE" (Bita na 42):
' <[email protected]> ya rubuta wannan lambar. Muddin kun riƙe wannan sanarwar ku
'zai iya yin duk abin da kuke so da wannan kayan. Idan mun hadu da wata rana, kuma kuna tunani
'wannan kayan yana da daraja, zaku iya siya min burger a madadin. 😉 xxx
#############
Lasisin "LASIN BURGER-WARE" na iya zama katin kira na aikin STOPIT. (humorware) babba: Beerware, Pizzaware...
C) Zaɓi ayyukan taro tukuna. Ya kamata fifiko ya zama ayyukan da ba su da takamaiman aiki, amma aikace-aikacen gabaɗaya: "ayyukan buƙatun taro", an warware su ta hanyar dandamali na buɗe ido na duniya (yiwuwa tare da gyare-gyare na gaba idan ya cancanta).
D) Ɗauki "ƙananan ra'ayi" kuma ƙirƙirar ba kawai shirye-shirye ba, har ma da ma'auni: daidaitawa da ci gaba da ma'auni na masana'antu. Ya kamata a ba da fifiko ga mafita (shirye-shirye, hanyoyin) waɗanda, ban da misalin aiwatarwa, sun ƙunshi abubuwa na daidaitawa. Misali, Dan kwangila yana ba da daidaitaccen bayani kuma yana nuna yadda ake daidaita shi zuwa takamaiman aiki. A sakamakon haka, an fi mayar da hankali kan yawan wurare dabam dabam (maimaituwa da yawa dangane da daidaitaccen bayani - a madadin "sake ƙirƙira dabaran"). Daidaitawa, haɗin kai da musayar gwaninta sabanin: "rufewa da mafita na musamman" ("cire abokin ciniki a kan ƙugiya"), tilasta mai ba da bayani na software guda ɗaya (mai sayarwa).
2.5 Matsayin Mai shiga tsakani
Matsayin Intermediary - mai shirya (mai gudanarwa) na wani rukunin STOPPIT daban-daban shine kamar haka (a cikin tubalan).
Ofishin ayyuka: samuwar babban fayil na oda da ƙungiyoyin masu yin wasan kwaikwayo (Pool Resource). Tattara umarni, ƙirƙirar albarkatun 'yan kwangila. Jihohin ayyukan sa ido (Ƙaddamarwa, Ci gaba, da sauransu).
Manazarcin kasuwanci. Binciken kasuwanci na farko. Fahimtar ayyuka na farko, ƙoƙari na ƙirƙira wani aiki na gaba ɗaya wanda zai zama abin sha'awa ga ɗimbin abokan ciniki.
Garanti. Garanti na cika sharuddan kwangila. Misali, dan kwangila na iya saita yanayin karɓar aiki akan aiwatar da tsarin (idan aiwatarwa ya yi nasara) ko aikawa akan gidan yanar gizon kamfanin inda aka aiwatar da maganinta da labarin (labarai tare da alamar kwangila) game da aiwatarwa (kuma ba komai mene ne abun ciki: tabbatacce ko mahimmanci).
Mai garantin zai iya, bisa ka'idar "baƙin mai haɓakawa daga samfurinsa," ya ba da tabbacin abokin ciniki cewa koyaushe zai sami ƙungiyar tallafi don wannan aikin, alal misali, idan ɗan kwangila ya ƙi tallafawa aiwatar da kansa ko aiwatar da aikin. nasa samfurin software.
Akwai wasu maki da yawa (cikakkun bayanai), alal misali, ɓoye sunan kamfanin Abokin ciniki a farkon matakan ƙira. Wannan wajibi ne don kada abokin ciniki ya karɓi spam daga tayin masu fafatawa - bisa ga madadin tsarin "don kuɗi" (tare da ihu: "cuku kyauta yana cikin tarkon linzamin kwamfuta kawai"). Idan Abokin Ciniki yana shirye ya biya adadi na alama ga Dan kwangila, to Mai Matsakaicin yana aiki azaman tsaka-tsaki a cikin sulhun juna. Yana da kyau a nuna cikakkun bayanai a cikin sharuɗɗan takamaiman aiki ko ƙa'idar takamaiman rukunin yanar gizon STOPIT.
PR Ayyukan talla: wasiƙu zuwa taron gudanarwa da ɗalibai, kafofin watsa labaru - farawa da shiga cikin aikin, haɓakawa akan Intanet.
OTK Ikon aiwatarwa. Mai shiga tsakani na iya yin gwaji na farko na tsarin da aka aiwatar don ayyukan mutum ɗaya. Bayan aiwatarwa, tsara tsarin kulawa da gudanar da bincike.
Mai shiga tsakani na iya sarrafa Mentors, watau. idan akwai albarkatu - masana, haɗa su zuwa aikin don jagoranci.
Mai shiga tsakani na iya shirya gasa, kyaututtuka, da sauransu don ƙara ƙwarin gwiwar masu yin wasan. Akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a iya ƙarawa: an ƙaddara wannan ta iyawa (albarkatun) na Intermediary.
2.6 Wasu tasirin aikin da aka tsara
Haɗa ɗalibai don magance matsalolin da ake amfani da su na gaske. Da kyau (a nan gaba), za mu gabatar da tsarin Yammacin Turai a cikin cibiyoyinmu, lokacin da ƙungiyoyin dalibai suka kirkiro ma'auni na masana'antu, tsarin tsarin budewa (tsarin), wanda aka yi amfani da shi don gina tsarin masana'antu na ƙarshe.
Haɓaka matakin daidaitawa a cikin ci gaban tsarin bayanai: ƙirar ƙira, daidaitaccen mafita, haɓaka mafita na ra'ayi guda ɗaya da gina aiwatarwa da yawa dangane da shi, alal misali, akan injunan CMS daban-daban, DMS, wiki, da sauransu. aiwatar da ma'auni don gina irin wannan tsarin da irin wannan, watau. samuwar ma'auni na masana'antu don warware matsalar da aka yi amfani da ita.
Ƙirƙirar dandali waɗanda suka haɗu da wadata da buƙatu, kuma aiwatar da aikin zai kasance ko dai matsakaici ne ko kuma don farashi na alama, da kuma zaɓuɓɓukan ƙarfafawa daban-daban, misali, lokacin da kamfani ya ɗauki ɗalibin da ya ci nasara don tallafin fasaha na shirin kansa tare da ko ba tare da biyan albashi ba (a aikace).
A nan gaba, yana yiwuwa a ƙirƙira ƙarni na gaba na dandamali bisa ka'idodin buɗewa, daidaitawa, tattara kuɗi, amma lokacin da aikin da kansa kawai za a biya, kuma za a ba da gudummawar kwafinsa ga al'umma, watau. Jama'a, gami da kowane kamfani da mutum ɗaya, na iya amfani da shi kyauta. A lokaci guda kuma, al'umma a kan dandalin ciniki za ta ƙayyade abin da yake bukata na farko da kuma wanda za a ba da wannan aikin (ci gaba "don kudi").
3 "Pillars Uku" na Ayyukan zamantakewa da Buɗewa
A) Fasahar haɗin gwiwa
(dangane da STOPIT)
Net - cibiyar sadarwa + aiki - don aiki. Wannan aiki ne na zamantakewa da ƙwararru wanda ke da nufin haɓaka amintaccen dangantaka da mutane na dogon lokaci tare da ba da taimakon juna tare da taimakon da'irar abokai, abokai (ciki har da sanannun ta hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa ko dandalin kwararru), da abokan aiki.
Sadarwar sadarwa ita ce tushen kafa abokantaka da dangantakar kasuwanci tare da sababbin mutane (abokan tarayya). Ma'anar sadarwar shine ƙirƙirar da'irar zamantakewa da sha'awar tattauna matsalolin mutum tare da wasu, ba da sabis na mutum (nasihar, shawarwari a cikin forums). Duk hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa suna dogara da shi.
Yana da mahimmanci a yi imani da Sadarwar Sadarwar kuma kada ku ji tsoron tambayar wasu don magance wata matsala, tambayar su don magance matsalar ku, da kuma ba da ilimin ku da taimakon wasu.
A cikin ma'ana mai faɗi, hanya ce ta tsara ayyukan mutane masu sana'a daban-daban a cikin sarari na kowa; a cikin kunkuntar daya - sarari makamancin haka, ofishi na gama gari (rabawa), a cikin yanayin mu shafin TSAYA. Wannan shine ƙungiyar abubuwan more rayuwa don haɗin gwiwa a ƙarƙashin ayyukan STOPIT.
Wata rana yana yiwuwa wuraren haɗin gwiwar STOPIT na zahiri su bayyana, amma a yanzu wannan dandamalin STOPIT ne kawai (hanyar Intanet). Za mu ba kawai musanya kwarewa da ra'ayoyi tare da kowa da kowa, wanda zai kara yawan aiki da kuma taimaka a gano marasa maras muhimmanci mafita ga matsaloli, amma kuma aiki a kan wani dandali guda, ta amfani da na kowa kayan aiki (misali, zane tsarin, emulators, kama-da-wane gwajin benci) .
Ya zuwa yanzu ba a gama aiwatar da batun STOPIT na wuraren aiki ba, amma zai haɗa da aƙalla ofisoshin kama-da-wane (ayyukan ayyukan ofis masu nisa, gami da kalmar Excel, da sauransu. ko makamancinsu, gaskiya, sadarwa, da dai sauransu), da kuma IT kama-da-wane. dakunan gwaje-gwaje da tsayayyun “raba” don gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gwaje (injunan na'urori masu alaƙa tare da software na musamman, hotunan VM tare da tsarin da aka riga aka shigar, da sauransu).
Bayan kammala kowane aikin, za a adana madaidaicin matsayinsa kuma zai kasance don sake turawa ga kowane ɗan takara STOPIT, watau. Ba wai kawai takardun aiki da aiki don aikin za su kasance ba, har ma da tsarin bayanan aiki da kanta.
STOPIT yana ɗaukar abubuwa da yawa daga taron jama'a: a zahiri, ana ba da ayyukan ga jama'a, an kafa buɗaɗɗen kira ga jama'a, wanda ƙungiyar ta nemi (tambayi) mafita daga "taro".
Buɗe fasahohin ƙira, gudanar da ayyukan jama'a (a zahiri, kamar akan shirin "Menene, A ina, Lokacin"), taron jama'a, haɗin gwiwa, buɗe sabbin abubuwa sanannun sharuɗɗan da ke da sauƙin samu akan Intanet, misali, .
B) Ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta kimiyya
BA - a matsayin tsari na inganta tsarin aiki bisa ga nasarorin kimiyya da ayyuka mafi kyau - ra'ayi ne mai fadi. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan su ne injina da sarrafa kansa, ergonomics, rarrabuwa, sarrafa lokaci da sauran abubuwa da yawa.
Za mu takaita ga fagage masu zuwa:
- musayar ilimi kyauta da mafi kyawun ayyuka;
- haɗin kai da daidaitawa;
- yaɗuwar amfani da Mafi kyawun Ayyuka, duka masana'antu da Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Gudanarwa.
- Haɗin kai da daidaitawa, rancen abin da aka riga aka yi, yana mai da hankali kan daidaitattun mafita.
Ba kwa buƙatar sake ƙirƙira dabaran kowane lokaci, kawai kuna buƙatar maimaita ta. Idan muna magance matsala, to yana da kyau a ba da mafita wanda zai zama duniya kuma ya ba da damar magance matsalolin irin wannan ("tsuntsaye biyu da dutse ɗaya").
Mafi Kyau. Misalai Mafi kyawun Ayyuka na masana'antu, misali, daga IT: ITSM, ITIL, COBIT. Misalai mafi kyawun Ayyukan Gudanarwa: daga matakin aikin wannan shine PMBOK-PRINCE; BOOKs daga fagen injiniyan software na tsarin; BIZBOK VAVOK, da kuma dabaru masu siffa da yawa don “duk lokuta”.
Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci a nan cewa makasudin ba shine "zaɓan mafi kyawun mafi kyawun ayyuka masu yawa" (hanyoyi masu yawa). An ba da shawarar kada a ƙirƙira sabbin hanyoyin gudanar da ayyuka, sabbin hanyoyin ƙirƙira tsarin, da sauransu, amma don fara karanta Mafi Kyawun Ayyuka da aro daga gare su gwargwadon yiwuwa. Ko da yake wata rana ina fatan ɗayan ayyukan STOPIT zai zama sake yin aiki na "Shahararren" Mafi Kyawun Ayyuka ko ƙirƙirar sabon abu, misali, BOK dangane da aikin STOPIT da kansa.
C) Ka'idodin matsayi na rayuwa mai aiki
shi-majagaba, masu fafutuka, masu sa kai, masu sadaukarwa da kuma "duk-duka-duka" waɗanda suke son yin wani abu mai amfani: duka "masu amfani" na zamantakewar al'umma (mai amfani mai girma), kuma masu amfani kawai ga karamin kamfani, watau. wani ya sarrafa wani abu bisa son rai.
'Yan kasuwa na zamantakewa, masu ba da kyauta da masu ba da agaji suna da alhakin zamantakewar al'umma dangane da samar da ayyukan IT mafi dacewa, mai maimaitawa da kuma tartsatsi, sha'awar shigar da yawan mahalarta a cikin ci gaban tsarin bayanai, don yin tsarin gida na mafi girma kuma ba kasa da kasa ba. Yammacin duniya. Wani abu kamar "Mass da fasaha sune taken wasanni na Soviet," watau. "Ma'auni na taro da fasaha shine taken ginin gida."
Abin da kawai ake bukata shi ne, a karkashin jagorancin ƴan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun za su jagoranci ɗalibai da kowa da kowa (masu injiniya da shirye-shirye) don aiwatar da ayyuka masu amfani tare da aiwatarwa kai tsaye goyon bayan ci gaba na gaba. Ci gaba (samfurin) yana ɗaukar ka'idodin da ke sama: buɗewa, duniya na aikace-aikacen, daidaitawar mafita, gami da haɓaka ra'ayi (ontology), kwafi kyauta (hagu).
Jimlar
Tabbas, dalibin IT mai sa'a a cikin babbar shekararsa a cibiyar yana iya samun horo a babban kamfanin IT, akwai kyawawan labarai game da ɗalibai, musamman na Yammacin Turai, misali, Stanford (K. Systrom, M. Zuckerberg), a can. shafukan gida ne don farawa, hackathons, gasa na dalibai kamar "Mutane na Bukatar ku", bukukuwan aiki, taron matasa kamar BreakPoint, kudaden kasuwanci na zamantakewa (Rybakov, da dai sauransu), ayyuka kamar "Preactum", gasa, misali, Labari. Gasar "Kasuwancin Kasuwanci ta hanyar Idon Dalibai", "Project 5-100" da "biyar", da dama, kuma watakila daruruwan makamantansu, amma duk wannan bai samar da tasirin juyin juya hali a cikin kasarmu ba: ba juyin juya hali a cikin kasuwanci ba. ko a cikin ilimi, ko juyin juya halin kimiyya da fasaha. Ilimin cikin gida, kimiyya da samarwa suna raguwa a cikin manyan ci gaba. Don juya halin da ake ciki, ana buƙatar hanyoyi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Babu kuma babu wasu matakai masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da gaske "daga sama".
Abin da ya rage shi ne gwada "daga ƙasa" kuma ku shiga cikin sha'awa da ayyukan waɗanda ke kula da su.
Shin tsarin da aka tsara na IT greenhouse na sabon nau'in kasuwancin zamantakewa yana iya yin wannan: Ayyukan zamantakewa da kuma bude zane? Ana iya ba da amsar ta hanyar gwada ta a aikace.
Idan ra'ayin yana sha'awar ku, ƙirƙirar albarkatun STOPIT na ku: ana rarraba ra'ayin da aka tsara a ƙarƙashin lasisin Copyleft "LASIN BURGER-WARE". Kowace jami'a za ta ci gajiyar irin wannan dandali. Mun gan ku a rukunin yanar gizon ku TSAYA.
source: www.habr.com