Ka tuna kyan kyan gani mai ban sha'awa wanda ya yi atishawa a cikin screensaver na zane mai ban dariya na Soviet? Mun tuna, kuma mun same shi - tare da gungun wasu almara da aka zana da hannu. Tun tana ƙarama, ta kasance tana firgita da damuwa saboda ta kawo batutuwa masu mahimmanci, manya. Lokaci ya yi da za a sake duba tsofaffin zane-zanen zane-zane don gano irin makomar da suka yi fata a kasar.
1977: "Polygon"
Animator Anatoly Petrov yana da hannu a cikin shahararrun zane-zane na Soviet, daga "The Town Musicians of Bremen" zuwa "Hutu ta Boniface." Ayyukansa mai zaman kansa ya fi ban sha'awa: ya zana hotuna masu girma uku na gaske. Shahararriyar misali na salon Petrov shine ɗan gajeren zane mai suna "Polygon" bisa ga labarin yaƙi da marubucin almarar kimiyya Sever Gansovsky.
Makircin yana da sauƙi: mai ƙirƙira wanda ba a bayyana sunansa ba ya zo da tanki marar lahani wanda ke karanta tunanin abokan gaba. Gwajin filin cikakken makami yana faruwa a tsibiri mai zafi - a fili, wannan magana ce ga Bikini da Enewetak atolls. Hukumar sojin ta hada da Janar, wanda dan jarumin ya rasu a karkashinsa. Tankin ya lalata sojoji, sannan mahaliccinsa mai daukar fansa.
Don ƙirƙirar tasirin ƙarar, an zana haruffan akan layi biyu na celluloid, kuma an harbe ɗaya daga hankali. A cikin lokacin tashin hankali, hoton blur yana ƙara kaifi. Kamarar tana motsawa koyaushe, tana daskarewa a taƙaice. Babu jini a cikin firam ɗin kuma waƙar kawai ita ce shahararriyar waƙar "Tanha Shodam" ta Ahmad Zaheer. Duk wannan tare yana ba da ra'ayi na tashin hankali, tsoro da raɗaɗi - ji na zamanin lokacin da agogon Doomsday ya nuna minti 9 zuwa tsakar dare. Af, a cikin 2018 an motsa allurar zuwa 23:58 - wannan yana nufin hasashen ya zama gaskiya?
1978: "Lambobi"
A cikin 1968, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Kanada George Dunning ya jagoranci sanannen Jirgin ruwa na Yellow Submarine. Cartoon ya zo Tarayyar Soviet ne kawai a cikin 80s akan kaset ɗin fashin teku. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1978, darektan da artist Vladimir Tarasov yin fim nasa m m phantasmagoria. Gajarta ce, amma tabbas za ku iya ganin John Lennon a cikin babban hali. Wannan shi ne cancantar mai zane Nikolai Koshkin, wanda ya "nakalto" wani zane mai ban dariya na yammacin Turai.
Soviet "Lennon" wani mai zane ne wanda ya kai sararin sama. A cikin yanayi, ya sadu da baƙo, kuma mai zane na kansa. Halittar da ba ta da siffa tana canzawa zuwa abubuwan da take gani. Da farko mutumin ya ji tsoro, amma sai ya koya wa baƙon ya busa waƙar “Speak Softly Love” daga “Ubangiji.” Ba kamar danginsa na nesa daga halaka ba, baƙon yana abokantaka da mutum kuma yana tafiya cikin faɗuwar rana tare da shi.
Hack Life: kashe asalin sautin sauti na "Lambobi" kuma kunna Lucy a cikin sama tare da lu'u-lu'u. Za ku lura cewa faifan zane mai ban dariya ya dace da kiɗan kusan daidai.
1980: "Komawa"
"Komawa" wani zane mai ban dariya na Tarasov. Ya bayyana al’amuran da suka saba da ka’idojin almarar kimiyya: jirgin ruwa mai daukar kaya na Valdai T-614 an kama shi a cikin ruwan sama na meteorite kuma ya lalace, saboda abin da kawai zai iya sauka a duniya da hannu. An shawarci matukin jirgin ya samu isasshen barci kafin ya sauka. Wani irin bacci yayi awon gaba da shi da kokarin tada shi ya kasa. Duk da haka, lokacin da hanyar jirgin ya wuce gidansa a ƙauyen, dan sama jannatin ya hango shi ko ta yaya, ya farka kuma ya saukar da jirgin.
Babu tabbas ko rashin hayyacin jarumin na barazana ga bala'i. Waƙar (Gustav Mahler's Symphony na 5) a fili yana nuna cewa lamarin yana da ban tsoro. Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov ya ba da shawarar marubutan, don haka fim ɗin daidai yana nuna gefen fasaha na jiragen. A lokaci guda, gaskiyar da rayuwar yau da kullun ta karye ta hanyar nassoshi masu haske game da "Alien," wanda aka saki kawai shekara guda kafin. Cikin motar dakon sararin samaniya ya yi kama da jirgin ruwan Giger, kuma matukin da kansa ba shi da kamanni da ɗan adam. Gajeren zane mai ban dariya ba shi da ban tsoro fiye da yanayin yanayin facehugger na gargajiya.
1981: "Space Aliens"
Shahararrun marubutan almarar kimiyya, 'yan'uwan Strugatsky sun rubuta rubutun da yawa don zane-zane, amma tauhidin Soviet ya kashe su duka. Duk sai daya, wanda Arkady Strugatsky ya rubuta tare da abokinsa, marubuci kuma mai fassara Marian Tkachev. Wannan shine rubutun kashi na farko na Space Aliens.
Makircin yana da alƙawarin: wani jirgin ruwa baƙon ya sauko a duniya, baƙi sun aika da baƙar fata na robotic. Ƙungiyar masana kimiyya suna ƙoƙarin gano abin da baƙi ke so. Sa'an nan kuma ya zama cewa suna son raba fasaha. Shin kun yi odar “Isowa”?
An zana shi ta hanyar avant-garde-constructivist, wannan zane mai ban dariya yana ɗaukar sama da mintuna goma sha biyar. Da alama ya fi tsayi saboda saurin abubuwan da ke faruwa akan allon ba daidai ba ne kuma a hankali. Kwanciyar hankali da ƴan wasan kwaikwayo ke furta dogon jimla musamman yana jaddada wannan siffa ta "Aliens".
Misalai na falsafa "gwaji" sun kasance ɗaya daga cikin nau'o'in da aka fi so na masu wasan kwaikwayo na Soviet. Duk da haka, "Aliens" ya ketare layin tsakanin "wannan yana da zurfi" da "wannan yana da ban sha'awa." Da alama Strugatsky da kansa ya gane wannan, don haka an yi fim na biyu ba tare da shi ba. A ciki, baƙi suna gwada ƙarfin halin ɗan adam. Mutane sun jimre da gwajin, kuma komai ya ƙare da kyau. Kuma yana da kyau ya ƙare.
1984: "Za a yi ruwan sama mai laushi"
A cikin 1950, marubucin Ba'amurke Ray Bradbury ya rubuta ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun labaran bayan-apocalyptic a tarihin nau'in. "Za a Yi Ruwan Ƙaƙaƙƙiya" ya faɗi yadda wani "gida mai wayo" na mutum-mutumi ke ci gaba da aiki bayan fashewar bam ɗin atomic. Shekaru 34 bayan haka, Fim ɗin Uzbek ya yi ɗan gajeren zane mai ban dariya game da labarin.
An fassara rubutun Bradbury tare da ƴan ƴancin yancin ƙirƙira. Alal misali, a cikin labarin wani lokaci ya wuce bayan bala'i - kwanaki ko wata. A cikin zane mai ban dariya, robot, wanda bai fahimci abin da ya faru ba, yana girgiza tokar masu mallakar da aka ƙone a ranar da ta gabata daga gadajensu. Sai wani tsuntsu ya shiga cikin gidan, robot ya bi shi kuma ya lalata gidan da gangan.
Wannan gyare-gyaren fim ɗin ya sami kyaututtuka a bukukuwan duniya guda uku da ƙungiyar gamayya ɗaya. Daraktan da screenwriter na zane mai ban dariya ya actor kuma darektan Nazim Tulyakhodzhaev daga Tashkent. Af, aikinsa tare da kayan Bradbury bai ƙare a can ba: bayan shekaru uku ya yi fim a kan labarin "The Veldt". Daga cikin gyare-gyaren fina-finai guda biyu, masu sauraro suna tunawa da "Za a sami Ruwa mai laushi," saboda mummunan yakin duniya yana da wuyar katsewa ko kawar da wani abu.
1985: "kwangilar"
Soviet animators suna son yin fim ayyukan marubuta almarar kimiyya na kasashen waje. A sakamakon haka, ayyuka masu haske sun bayyana, ainihin 'ya'yan itatuwa na ƙauna. Irin su zane mai ban dariya "Contract" dangane da labarin wannan sunan na Robert Silverberg. Halin haske, salon avant-garde, wanda ya ƙaunaci darektan Tarasov, yana tunawa da fasahar pop. Rakiya ta kiɗa - abubuwan da ke cikin jazz ba zan iya ba ku komai ba sai soyayya, Baby da Ella Fitzgerald ta yi.
Dukansu na asali da zane mai ban dariya suna farawa ta hanya ɗaya: wani ɗan mulkin mallaka yana yaƙi da dodanni a duniyar da ba kowa. Wani mai siyar da mutum-mutumi ya zo ya taimaka masa, wanda, ya zama ya saki waɗannan dodanni don tilasta wa mutane su sayi kayansa. Mai mulkin mallaka ya tuntubi kamfanin da ya aika shi zuwa duniyar duniyar kuma ya gano cewa, bisa ga ka'idojin kwangila, ba zai iya kasuwanci da robot ba. Bugu da kari, don aika abubuwa na yau da kullun kamar reza, za a yi masa fata sau uku, tunda ya zama dole su ba shi kayan masarufi kawai.
Sa'an nan makirci na asali da kuma daidaitawar fim sun bambanta. A cikin labarin, wani mutum-mutumi ya yi barazanar harbi wani ɗan mulkin mallaka. Mai mulkin mallaka da wayo ya fita daga halin da ake ciki ta hanyar neman kuɗi daga kamfanin don ceton rayuwarsa, kuma bayan ya ƙi, ya karya kwangilar kuma ya ayyana duniyar ta kansa ta hanyar haƙƙin majagaba. Hatta amincewa da ayyukan jari hujja haramun ne ga kungiyar. Saboda haka, a cikin zane mai ban dariya, kamfanoni na masu mulkin mallaka da na robot sun fara yaki. Mutum-mutumi yana sadaukar da kansa don sa mutum ya ji ɗumi yayin da dusar ƙanƙara ba ta yi zato ba. Duk da bayyananniyar saƙon akida, zane mai ban dariya yana barin abin burgewa.
1985-1995: Fantadrome
Silsilar wasan kwaikwayo na yara Fantadroms yayi kama da masu raye-rayen Yamma sun zana shi. A gaskiya ma, Telefilm-Riga ya fitar da kashi uku na farko, sannan kuma an sake fitar da wasu goma daga ɗakin studio na Latvia Dauka.
Babban halayen Fantadrome shine cat Indrix XIII, wanda zai iya canza siffar. Shine wanda yake yin atishawa a farkon ko karshen kowane labari. Tare da abokansa, cat ɗin sararin samaniya yana ceton baƙi da mutane daga yanayi mara kyau kamar gobara, rashin fahimta, ko rashin gishiri kwatsam a karin kumallo. An bayyana makircin "Fantadrome" ba tare da kalmomi ba, kawai tare da hotuna, kiɗa da sautuna, kamar yadda a cikin "Fantasia" na Disney.
Abubuwa uku na farko na "Soviet" sunyi kama da mahimmanci: suna mai da hankali kan jiragen ruwa da kuma babban birni inda Indrix ke zaune. Sabbin shirye-shiryen guda goma suna da nufin yara ne, don haka an karkata hankalinsu ga abin da ake kira wasan barkwanci. Idan ɗakunan studio suna da ƙarin albarkatu da dama, ba shi da wuya a yi tunanin cewa Fantadroms zai iya zama nau'in cosmic "Tom da Jerry." Abin takaici, yuwuwar jerin ya kasance ba a gane ba.
1986: "Yakin"
Wani daidaitawar fim na almara na yammacin duniya, wannan lokacin labarin Stephen King ne. Wani tsohon soja da ya rikide ya kashe darektan wata masana'antar wasan yara. Bayan ya kammala odar, ya karɓi fakiti tare da sojojin wasan yara da aka samar a masana'antar wanda abin ya shafa. Sojoji ko ta yaya suka raye suka far ma wanda ya kashe. Yaƙin ya ƙare da nasara ga kayan wasan yara, saboda saitin ya ƙunshi ƙaramin cajin thermonuclear.
An yi zane mai ban dariya ta amfani da jimillar fasahar wasan kwaikwayo. Wannan yana nufin cewa haruffa suna motsawa kuma bayanan suna canzawa don isar da motsin kamara. Wannan hanya mai tsada da cin lokaci ba a cika yin amfani da ita a cikin raye-rayen da aka zana ba, amma ta dace. Jimlar raye-raye sun ba da “Yaƙin” kuzari mai ban mamaki. Gajeren zane mai ban dariya bai yi kama da Die Hard ba, wanda aka saki shekaru biyu bayan haka.
Mai kallo mai hankali zai lura a cikin minti na farko na zane mai ban dariya game da wurin tuki ta hanyar da'irar titin Tokyo a cikin Tarkovsky's Solaris. Yanayin gaba na gaba tare da ɗimbin hanyoyi marasa iyaka yana jaddada cewa duk abin da ke faruwa a nan gaba, dystopian gaba.
1988: "Shigo"
Lokacin da yake magana game da raye-rayen Soviet masu ban sha'awa, ba za a iya kasa ambaton al'adun "Pass" ba. Zanen zane ya dogara ne akan babi na farko na labarin da marubucin almarar kimiyya Kir Bulichev "The Village", kuma marubucin da kansa ya rubuta rubutun.
"Kauyen" yana ba da labarin makomar balaguron sararin samaniya wanda jirgin ya yi saukar gaggawa a duniyar da ba a sani ba. Mutanen da suka tsira dole ne su gudu daga cikin jirgin don tserewa radiation daga ingin da ya lalace. Mutane sun kafa ƙauye, sun koyi farauta da baka da kibau, suna renon yara, kuma lokaci bayan lokaci sun yi ƙoƙarin komawa ta hanyar jirgin ruwa. A cikin zane mai ban dariya, ƙungiyar matasa uku da wani babba sun tafi jirgin ruwa. Babban ya mutu, kuma yara, sun fi dacewa da duniya mai haɗari, sun isa inda suke.
Pass ɗin ya yi fice har ma da sauran zane-zanen sci-fi na avant-garde na lokacin. Masanin ilmin lissafi Anatoly Fomenko ne ya zana zane-zanen fim ɗin, wanda aka sani da ka'idodin tarihi masu rikitarwa. Don nuna duniyar ban tsoro, ya yi amfani da misalansa don Jagora da Margarita. Alexander Gradsky ne ya rubuta waƙar, ciki har da waƙar da aka yi akan waƙa ta mawallafin Sasha Cherny.
Daraktan "Pass" shine Vladimir Tarasov, wanda aka ambata sau da yawa a cikin wannan tarin. Tarasov ya karanta "Ƙauyen" a cikin mujallar "Ilimi shine iko" kuma ya cika da tambayar abin da al'ummar ɗan adam ke wakilta. Sakamakon ya kasance zane mai ban tsoro da ban sha'awa tare da bude baki.
1989: "Akwai iya zama Tigers a nan"
Tun kafin James Cameron ya yi Avatar, Ray Bradbury ya rubuta ɗan gajeren labari akan wannan batu. Wani jirgin ruwa na ɗan adam ya isa duniyar da ba kowa ba don ma'adanai. Kyawun baƙon duniya yana da hankali kuma yana maraba da ƴan ƙasa. Lokacin da wakilin kamfanin tallafawa balaguron ya yi ƙoƙarin fara hakowa, duniyar ta aika masa da damisa. Tafiyar ta tashi, ta bar matashin cosmonaut guda ɗaya.
Soviet animators sun yi nasarar canja wurin labarin falsafar Bradbury zuwa allon kusan ba tare da bambance-bambance ba. A cikin zane mai ban dariya, mugun jagoran balaguron ya yi nasarar kunna bam kafin mutuwarsa. Mutanen duniya sun sadaukar da kansu don ceton duniyar: suna ɗora bam a kan jirgin ruwa kuma su tashi. Ƙimar jari-hujja ta riga ta wanzu a ainihin rubutun, don haka ana ƙara juzu'i mai ban mamaki don ƙara aiki a cikin makircin. Ba kamar "Kungiyar Kwangila ba," babu ma'anoni da suka fito a cikin wannan zane mai ban dariya.
1991-1992: "Vampires of Geons"
Soviet animation bai mutu nan da nan tare da rushewar Tarayyar. A cikin 90s, da yawa a fili a fili "Soviet" kimiyyar zane-zane da aka saki.
A 1991 da 1992, darektan Gennady Tishchenko gabatar da majigin yara "Vampires na Geons" da "Masters of Geons". Ya rubuta rubutun da kansa, bisa nasa labarin. Makircin shine kamar haka: mai duba Cosmo-Ecological Commission (KEC) Yanin ya tafi duniyar Geona. A can, pterodactyls na gida ("vampires") sun ciji 'yan mulkin mallaka kuma suna hana damuwa na interstellar daga haɓaka ma'adinan ma'adinai. Ya bayyana cewa duniya tana zaune; halittu masu hankali na gida suna rayuwa ƙarƙashin ruwa a cikin symbiosis tare da vampires da sauran fauna. Damuwar tana barin duniya saboda ayyukanta suna da illa ga muhalli.
Mafi kyawun fasalin zane-zane: haruffan Amurka guda biyu, bisa Arnold Schwarzenegger da Sylvester Stallone. Giant ɗin da aka zana "Arnie" ya ɗan yi kama da manyan jarumai masu ban dariya na 90s. Kusa da shi, Yanin Rasha mai gemu kamar yaro. A kan bango na Hollywood "cranberry", babban sakon falsafa na fim din ya ɗan ɓace.
Hotunan zane-zane ya kamata su zama jerin jerin da ake kira "Star World". A karshen kashi na biyu, Yanin ya yi kyakkyawan fata cewa mutane za su koma Geona, amma maganarsa ba ta tabbata ba.
1994-1995: AMBA
Bayan shekaru biyu bayan "Geon", Tishchenko ya yi ƙoƙari na biyu don ci gaba da saga sararin samaniya. Sashe biyu na zane mai ban dariya na AMBA sun bayyana yadda wani masanin kimiyya ya ɓullo da hanyar da za a shuka birane daga biomass. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan ƙauyen, "AMBA" (Automorphic Bio-Architectural Ensemble), an shuka shi a cikin hamadar Martian, kuma an dasa wani a kan duniyar mai nisa. An katse sadarwa tare da aikin, kuma insifeta Yanin, wanda ya riga ya saba da mu, an aika zuwa wurin tare da wani abokin tarayya da ba a bayyana sunansa ba.
Salon gani na fim ɗin ya zama mahimmanci fiye da "Yamma". Koyaya, abubuwan da ke ciki sun kasance masu aminci ga tsarin da ya gabata na ingantaccen almara na kimiyyar Soviet. Tishchenko mai son marubucin almarar kimiyya Ivan Efremov. A cikin gajeren zane-zane guda biyu, darektan ya yi ƙoƙari ya haɗa ra'ayin cewa a nan gaba wayewar fasaha za ta zo ƙarshe (don haka take).
Akwai matsaloli masu tsanani tare da bayyani; wannan lamari ne na yau da kullun lokacin da aka ba da labarin abin da ke faruwa maimakon nunawa. Akwai isassun yaƙe-yaƙe da jaruntaka a kan allon, amma saurin abubuwan da suka faru sun kasance "ragged": na farko, an kai wa jarumawa hari ta hanyar baƙon alfarwa, sa'an nan kuma su yi haƙuri su saurari labarin inda waɗannan tanti suka fito.
Wataƙila a cikin kashi na uku na "Star World" zai yiwu a kawar da gazawar na baya. Abin takaici, al'adar Soviet ta ɓace gaba ɗaya a cikin sabon ƙarni, don haka yanzu duk waɗannan zane-zanen tarihi ne.
Shin zane mai ban dariya na sci-fi da kuka fi so bai sanya shi cikin zaɓin ba? Faɗa mana game da shi a cikin sharhi.
source: www.habr.com