Labarin Na yi alkawari wata Jumma'a don yin magana game da yadda babban editan "Hotunan Ban dariya" ya kusan kona ta hanyar kwari - a cikin ma'anar kalmar.
Yau Juma'a ne, amma da farko ina so in faɗi 'yan kalmomi game da "Hotunan Ban dariya" kansu - wannan lamari na musamman na ƙirƙirar kafofin watsa labarai masu nasara.
Mujallar tana da ƙayyadaddun ranar haihuwa a fili - Satumba 24, 1956. A wannan rana, an buga fitowar farko ta mujallar "Hotuna masu ban dariya", mujallar Soviet ta farko ga yara masu zuwa.
Uba mai farin ciki (kuma mai girma) shine dokar jam'iyyar da gwamnati "A kan ci gaban wallafe-wallafen yara da littattafan yara," wanda aka bayar a farkon 1956. Bayan 'yan watanni bayan bayyanarsa, adadin mujallu na yara a kasar ya ninka - a watan Satumba, kamfanin ya kara da cewa "Young Technician", "Young Naturalist" da "Veselye Kartinki" ga kamfanin "Murzilka", "Majagaba" da "" Kostr", wanda ya buga batutuwan farko. Wannan shine yadda wasan farko yayi kama.
Idan aka ce shirin ya yi nasara ba a ce komai ba. Yaduwar "Funny Pictures" a mafi kyau ya kai miliyan 9 700 kofe. A lokaci guda, ba kawai nasara ba ne - aikin watsa labarai ne mai matukar fa'ida. Duk da farashin dinari na kopecks 15, ya kawo riba mai yawa ga wanda ya kafa shi - kwamitin tsakiya na Komsomol. Ma'aikatan mujallar sun so su yi alfahari cewa "Hotuna masu ban dariya" kadai sun sami kuɗi fiye da dukan mujallu na gidan buga littattafai na Molodaya Gvardiya.
Menene dalilan nasara?
Na farko, ƙananan sikelin aikin. A cikin dagewar da na yi, duk an samu ci gaba ne a inda babu manyan kasafin kudi, inda ba a yi shirin raba lambobin yabo ba, inda babu wani daga hukuma ya kira, ya matsa lamba ko ja.
"Hotuna masu ban dariya" an ƙirƙira su azaman ƙaramin aikin niche wanda babu wanda yayi tsammanin wani abu na musamman. Mafi kyawun alamar halayen maigidan shine ofishin babban editan. Ivan Semenov ya zo VK daga Krokodil, inda babban editan yana da babban ofishin nomenklatura tare da "turntables". A cikin "Hotuna" yana da ƙaramin ɗaki, wanda ya raba tare da sashin amsawa na wallafe-wallafen, don haka bai ko zana a ofishinsa ba, amma ya tafi dakin kowa, inda akwai tebur na musamman ga masu fasaha.
Abu na biyu, 'yanci na kirkira. "Hotuna masu ban dariya" shine kawai bugawa a cikin USSR wanda ba a buga ba. An kawo dukkan mujallun da aka buga ga masu tace fina-finai a Glavlit, har ma da "Kifi Noma da Kamun Kifi," har ma da mujallar "Kamfanoni da Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa." Akwai irin wannan abu, amma me? Yanzu ka yi dariya, amma zagayawa bai ze wei, ya kai kwafin dubu 22, dubu daya da rabi ana siyar da su kudin kasashen waje ga masu shiga kasashen waje.
Kuma babu wanda ya ɗauki "Hotuna masu ban dariya" a ko'ina.
Na uku, shugaba. Bisa ka’idojin wadannan shekarun, dole ne babban editan ya zama dan jam’iyya. Matsalar ita ce kusan babu 'yan gurguzu a cikin masu fasaha - a kowane lokaci sun kasance 'yantattu. A sakamakon haka, sanannen mai zane Ivan Semenov, wanda ya kasance memba na jam'iyyar, amma ba shakka ba kwaminisanci aiki, an nada babban edita na Funny Pictures. Ivan Maksimovich ya shiga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta All-Union (Bolsheviks) a gaba a cikin 1941, lokacin da Jamusawa ke tafiya gabas, kuma 'yan gurguzu da aka kama an harbe su a nan take.
Bisa ga abubuwan tunawa, wannan tsohon ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa kuma kyakkyawan mutum ya kasance kyakkyawan jagora na mutane masu kirkira. Ban taɓa girgiza hannu ba, kuma kawai na tambaya game da sakamakon - amma a nan na yi tambaya da kakkausan harshe. Kuma yana da inganci guda ɗaya mai mahimmanci ga shugaban aikin watsa labarai - shi mutum ne mai natsuwa da ba a saba gani ba. Kusan ba zai yiwu a ba shi haushi ba. A artist Anatoly Mihaylovich Eliseev, wanda ya yi aiki a VK daga rana ta farko, ya gaya mani irin wannan hali a wata hira.
Semyonov ya shahara saboda abubuwan da ya yi na adadi mai yawa, kamar, alal misali:
Wata rana, ɗaya daga cikin masu fasaha na mujallu ya kawo daga ƙasar Finland ɗigon gubar da aka saya a cikin "shagon barkwanci" wanda ba a iya bambanta da ainihin abu. Mun yanke shawarar yin wasa a kan babban editan, wanda, kamar yadda ya saba, yana zana a cikin ɗakin jama'a. Sun jira har sai da Semenov ya kusan kammala abun da ke ciki, ya cika bututunsa kuma ya fita don shan taba - kuma ya sanya guntu a kan zanen da aka kusa kammala.
Semyonov ya dawo. Gani Ya tashi kamar ginshiƙi. Ya tauna lebbansa. Ya jefar da wani abu mai duhu da nauyi, kamar dutsen dutse: “Assholes!”
Ya matsar da zanen "lalacewa" zuwa tebur na gaba, ya yi numfashi, ya fitar da takarda maras kyau kuma, kallon dama, ya fara zana komai.
Gabaɗaya, na lalata wa mutane wasa.
Amma mafi mahimmanci fiye da haɗin gwiwar jam'iyyar shine gaskiyar cewa Semenov, duka bisa ga ƙididdiga na hukuma da na hukuma, an ɗauke shi ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun zane-zanen hoto a cikin ƙasar kuma saboda haka ya kasance mai iko sosai a cikin yanayin ƙwararru.
"Yana da muni, ɗan'uwa, ka san Magyars!" Misali na I. Semenov na "The Good Soldier Schweik"
Wannan ya ba shi damar tara kashi na hudu na nasara - ƙungiya. Tuni a cikin fitowar farko, hotuna masu ban dariya sun zana ta mafi kyawun masu zane-zane na yara a kasar: Konstantin Rotov, wanda ya fito da bayyanar tsohon mutum Hottabych da Kyaftin Vrungel Alexey Laptev, wanda ya zana classic Dunno Vladimir Suteev ( classic misalai ga Cipollino, ko da yake me ya sa nake bashing, wanda bai san Suteev?) , da aka ambata Anatoly Eliseev. A cikin shekarar farko, sun kasance tare da Aminadav Kanevsky, Viktor Chizhikov, Anatoly Sazonov, Evgeny Migunov da dukan taurari na farko-girma.
To, bangaren na ƙarshe shine fasahar samarwa. Don samar da mujallar, Semyonov ya samu nasarar shigo da shi kuma ya daidaita tsarin "crocodile" don shirya al'amurra, wanda aka gina bisa ka'idar "fito da wasa da zanen barkwanci iri-iri ne na ayyukan kwakwalwa." A'a, akwai, ba shakka, ban da, kamar Viktor Chizhikov, wanda ya zo tare da mafi yawan ayyukansa a cikin VK, wanda ya fara da halarta a karon "Game da yarinya Masha da yar tsana Natasha," amma a kan dukan ...
Ga yadda Felix Shapiro, editan mujallar “Funny Pictures” ya kwatanta wannan tsarin daga 1956 zuwa 1993:
Daga cikin ma'aikatan mujallar akwai wadanda ake kira "masu tunani" - wadanda suka kware wajen fito da labaran da za su zana kuma suna iya raba su da wasu. Tawagar jigon mu sun yi hazaka. (Alal misali, shahararren darektan Alexander Mitta ya fara ne a matsayin mai zane-zane a cikin "Funny Pictures" - VN) Sun zo abin da ake kira "taron duhu" tare da zane-zane. An yi taruka a daki mai yawa, kujeru masu yawa da teburi guda ɗaya. Ivan Maksimovich yana zaune a teburin. Ya dubi kowa ya ce: "To, wane ne jarumi?" Daya daga cikin masu zane-zane zai fito ya ba shi zanen su. Ya nuna su ga duk wanda ke wurin kuma ya lura da yadda abin ya faru: idan mutane sun yi murmushi, an ajiye zane-zane a gefe. Idan babu amsa, je zuwa wani.
A cewar labarun, wasu lokuta sun fita daga "taro masu duhu" suna dariya har zuwa yanayin damuwa. Kuma a gaba ɗaya, yin la'akari da abubuwan tunawa, yanayin aiki a cikin "Funny Pictures" ya kasance mafi tunawa da Strugatskys' "Litinin ya fara a ranar Asabar" - tare da barkwanci mai amfani, ba'a, shan giya na shahararrun abubuwan sha, amma mafi mahimmanci - ƙauna marar tausayi ga aikinsu.
Sun sanya mafi kyawun mujallar yara a duniya kuma ba za su daidaita don komai ba.
Mujallar da, alal misali, an buga wasan kwaikwayo na ban dariya na Tarayyar Soviet tun daga farko, kuma wannan ba adadi ba ne. Anan ne sanannen Semenov "Petya Ryzhik" daga fitowar farko:
Mujallar da mafi kyawun masu fasaha a duniya ba su yi shakkar haɗin kai ba: Jean Effel daga Faransa, Raoul Verdini daga Italiya, Herluf Bidstrup daga Denmark.
Duk da haka, wani lokacin haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa ya juya zuwa manyan matsaloli. Saboda haka, a karshen watan Agusta 1968, an buga wani unremarkable batu na "Funny Pictures".
A ina ne, a cikin wasu abubuwa, tatsuniya marar laifi na marubucin Czech Vaclav Čtvrtek (ta yaya suke furta waɗannan sunaye na ƙarshe?) "Bugs Biyu." Ga ta:
Kuma duk abin da zai yi kyau, amma a lokacin da aka buga mujallar cewa sanannen "Prague Spring" ya ƙare tare da gabatar da sojojin formations daga kasashen na gurguzu na Commonwealth Commonwealth zuwa Czechoslovakia.
Operation Danube ya fara, 'yan Rasha, Poles da Magyars da aka ambata suna tuka tankuna a kusa da babban birnin Czech, Czechs sun gina shingaye, iyaka Yevtushenko ya tsara waƙar "Tankuna suna tafiya ta Prague," 'yan adawa sun gudanar da zanga-zangar a dandalin Red Square, muryoyin abokan gaba suna kururuwa a kan motsi. Mitocin rediyo, KGB na tsaye a kan kunnuwa kuma da alama an canza su zuwa matsayin bariki.
Kuma a wannan lokacin, "Hotuna masu ban dariya" sun gaya wa dukan Tarayyar Soviet cewa yanzu akwai tsuntsaye da yawa a Prague da ke cin kwari na Czech don haka suna buƙatar fita daga Prague.
A wancan zamanin, shugabannin sun tashi don ƙasa - "Fasaha ga Matasa" kusan rufewa a cikin lokutan Chernenkov mai cin ganyayyaki da yawa.
A cikin "Hotuna masu ban dariya," kamar yadda mafi girman kai ya riga ya yi hasashe, rikice-rikicen da ya faru ya kara tsanantawa saboda rashin tantancewa. Don aika batun zuwa gidan bugawa, sa hannun babban editan ya isa.
Amma wannan kuma yana nufin cewa shi ma, shi ne ke da alhakin komai.
Kamar yadda ma’aikatan suka tuna, kusan makonni biyu kamar matattu ne ke kwance a ofishin edita – kowa na tafiya tare da bango yana magana kawai cikin rada. Semyonov ya zauna a kulle a ofishinsa, ya keta dokar hana shi, shan taba ba tare da tsayawa ba kuma yana sanya wayar.
Sannan suka fara fitar da numfashi a hankali.
Ya busa ta.
Ban lura ba.
Kuma idan wani ya lura, ba su snitch.
Har yanzu muna son mujallar Semyonov. Suna son shi sosai. Duk yaran da iyayensu.
Domin kada ya ƙare da wannan Soviet hauka, 'yan kalmomi game da cikakken m ra'ayi tare da "Merry Men Club" da kuma mafi shahara hali na Ivan Semyonov.
Ko da a mataki na samar da mujallar, ya zo da mascot ga mujallar - shaggy sihiri artist a cikin baƙar fata hula, blue riga da kuma ja baka.
Sannan suka yanke shawarar nemo masa kamfani - shahararrun jaruman tatsuniyoyi waɗanda za su rataya daga ɗaki zuwa ɗaki. Na farko abun da ke ciki na Club da kawai biyar mambobi: Karandash, Buratino, Cipollino, Petrushka da Gurvinek.
Kuma a cikin fitowar farko, an fara gabatar da matasa masu karatu zuwa gare su, farawa, a zahiri, tare da shugaban dindindin.
Idan 'yan uwan Semenov sun san cewa ra'ayinsu na bazuwar, wanda aka yi a kan gwiwoyi, zai zama ainihin al'adun al'adu, cewa za a yi zane-zane game da "Merry Men Club" kuma za a rubuta labaran kimiyya, cewa mutane da yawa za su girma a kai. .
Mutanen da a yau zana falsafanci, zan ce, caricatures. Kamar wannan na kira "Rayuwa da Matattu."
Fensir ya yi tauraro a cikin zane-zane biyar,
ya zama gwarzon littafai marasa adadi,
Har wa yau ya kasance mascot na mujallar "Funny Pictures" da kuma mafi shaharar halittar manyan yara artist Ivan Semyonov.
Ba daidaituwa ba ne cewa, alal misali, Viktor Chizhikov, wanda ya fara aiki a cikin "Funny Pictures" a matsayin dalibi na shekaru uku a Cibiyar Buga ta Moscow, ya kusantar da malaminsa tare da halayen da ya fi so. Misali:
Ko a nan:
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a wancan gefen Duniya, a Ostiraliya, yana rayuwa tagwayen ɗan'uwanmu na Pencil. Hakanan cikin rigar riga da baka.
Tsammanin tambayoyin da ba makawa - Pencil ɗinmu ya girmi shekaru uku, mai fasahar sihirin Australiya ya bayyana a cikin 1959. Sunan clone Mister Squiggle, kuma shi ne tauraro na nunin wannan suna wanda ya gudana a gidan talabijin na Australiya tsawon shekaru arba'in, daga 1959 zuwa 1999.
Mr. Squiggle wani yar tsana ne da fensir maimakon hanci, wanda da farko ya kammala “scribbles” da yara suka aiko ya mayar da su cikakkun zane-zane, sannan ya girma ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na sa'a da rabi tare da baƙi da aka gayyata da kuma wasan kwaikwayo. lambobi.
A watan Fabrairun 2019, 'yan Australiya masu godiya sun fito da jerin tsabar kudi dala $60 don murnar cikar shekaru XNUMX na fitattun halayen yaran su.
Kuma Fensil ɗin mu bai ma sami tambarin aikawa da sako ba don bikin tunawa da ranar tunawarsa.
A cikin duk tunanina akwai godiya ta gaske ga tsoffin ɗaliban Oktoba don farin ciki yarinta.
source: www.habr.com