Akwai rashin fahimta a kasuwa cewa tallafawa ayyukan yi ne kawai ga ɗaliban da ba su da kwarewa. Sun ce wannan shine mataki na farko, kuma aikinku na gaba zai bunkasa "dangane da ...". A aikace, ƙwararren ƙwararren tallafi, kamar, misali, mai gwadawa mai kyau, kira ne. Dukansu sana'a da haɓaka albashi suna yiwuwa a nan.
Binciken kasuwa daga masu haɓakawa Okdesk.
Muna sadarwa kowace rana tare da mutane da yawa waɗanda ke ba da tallafin abokin ciniki da sabis na abokin ciniki, kuma mun zama sha'awar fahimtar yadda kasuwar guraben aiki ta Rasha take a wannan yanki. Menene goyon bayan "abokin ciniki" da "fasahar"? Menene bambanci? Menene "matakan" gwaninta? Shin zai yiwu a sami kuɗi daga wannan kuma nawa? Amsoshin daga farkon irin wannan binciken suna ƙasa da yanke. Idan wani ya yi kasala don karantawa, to, manyan mahimman ƙididdiga da ƙarshe sun kasance a ƙarshen wannan ɗaba'ar.
Wasu mahimman bayanai kafin karantawa
- Ba a daɗe da sabunta rahotannin da aka buɗe na "jami'an ma'aikata" a cikin wannan ɓangaren ba - SuperJob yana da sabbin bayanai na 2013 (kafin haka - don 2011), don haka za mu dogara da tushe guda 2: rahoton "jami'i" da aka ambata. da namu binciken a cikin bayanan Yandex. Aiki wanda ke tattara bayanai daga tashoshin ma'aikata daban-daban (kamar Yuli-Agusta 2017).
- Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga da aka bayar (rabon guraben aiki, dangane da gogewa, da dai sauransu) an yi su ne bisa adadin kamfanoni, ba tallace-tallace ba. Mun yi imanin cewa wannan bai shafi daidaito ba, tun da yawan tallace-tallacen ba su da wata ma'ana: wasu kamfanoni suna buga tallace-tallace da yawa don cike gurbi ɗaya, wasu kuma suna buga tallace-tallace ɗaya don hayar ma'aikata gabaɗaya. Wato, tabbas ba mu gabatar da wani ƙarin kuskure ba.
- Gabaɗaya, an yi la’akari da guraben guraben kamfanoni 1025 a duk faɗin Rasha, waɗanda 930, lokacin da aka buga, sun rarraba shawarwarin su a matsayin na ɓangaren IT. An ba da sanarwar albashi a cikin tallace-tallacen ga kamfanoni 436 ne kawai (394 daga IT), amma, ba koyaushe a bayyane yake ba daga rubutun tallace-tallacen ko an buga adadi kafin haraji ko bayan haraji (farare ko launin toka). Lokacin da aka ambaci ƙididdiga a cikin wannan labarin, mun ɗauka cewa wannan shine kudin shiga da ma'aikaci ke samu a cikin mutum. Duk da haka, za mu kuma ƙara dalla-dalla kan albashin "masu launi iri-iri" a ƙarshen wannan sakon.
Idan amsawar al'umma ta tabbata, za mu yi ƙoƙarin yin irin waɗannan bita akai-akai, kuma za mu yi amfani da maganganunku azaman tushen bayanan farko.
Goyan bayan rarrabawa
Kafin yin magana game da samun kudin shiga, ya zama dole a saita rikodi kai tsaye kan batun kalmomi.
Taimakon za a iya raba kusan zuwa:
- "Fasahar". Wato, ɗayan inda aka fi mayar da hankali kan magance matsalolin fasaha (yawanci tare da kayan aiki, software masu tallafi ko wasu kayan aiki).
- "Abokin ciniki" (Sabis na Abokin Ciniki ko Tallafin Abokin Ciniki). Ɗayan inda maɓalli mai mahimmanci shine biyan bukatun abokin ciniki. Irin wannan tallafin ya shahara da farko a cikin b2c. Kuma wannan bangare na tallafin yana da nufin gina dangantaka na dogon lokaci tare da masu amfani da marasa amfani. Ana amfani da shi da farko a bankuna, shagunan kan layi, da sauransu.
Ba tare da wannan ba, zamu iya bambanta tsakanin goyon baya na ciki da na waje, ko da yake ga ƙasarmu har yanzu yana da wuya a bambanta "tallafin cikin gida" kamar wani abu banda "fasaha".
Mun rubuta ƙarin game da rarrabuwa na tallafi da tsarin sarrafa kansa da aka tsara don kowane ɗayan waɗannan azuzuwan и .
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci cewa hukumomin daukar ma'aikata waɗanda ke buga ci gaba, guraben aiki da nazari ba safai suke raba waɗannan fagagen aikin ba, suna kiran komai "tallafin fasaha" da kuma rarraba 'yan takara kawai ta hanyar aikin aiki na yau da kullun. A lokacin bincike na Yandex.Works tayi Mun sami kamfanoni 48 ne kawai waɗanda guraben aikinsu suka yi daidai da sharuɗɗan neman "tallafin abokin ciniki" / "tallafin abokin ciniki". Bugu da ƙari, wasu daga cikin guraben (a cikin kamfanoni 7) a zahiri suna nuna aikin ayyukan tallafi na fasaha, wasu kamfanoni 9 sun yi amfani da wannan kalmar don nemo shugaban cibiyar kira ko sashen tallafin fasaha iri ɗaya.
A cikin kasuwar Yamma (ƙari akan wannan a cikin post na gaba), zaku iya ganin fayyace rarrabuwa na guraben aiki zuwa abokin ciniki da na fasaha. A lokaci guda, abubuwan da ake buƙata don 'yan takara sun bambanta sosai. A cikin goyon bayan abokin ciniki, yana da mahimmanci don zama "masanin ilimin halin dan Adam" kuma ya sami damar sadarwa da kyau. Ilimi na musamman yana da mahimmanci a goyan bayan fasaha. Kuma "techies" waɗanda suke ƙauna kuma sun san yadda ake sadarwa tare da abokan ciniki gabaɗaya sun cancanci nauyin su a zinare.
"Table of Ranks" daga jami'an ma'aikata
Baya ga bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin mukamai (mai gudanarwa / ƙwararre / injiniyan / manaja), hukumomin daukar ma'aikata suna amfani da rarrabuwa dangane da nauyin da aka bayyana a cikin guraben da buƙatun ilimi da ƙwarewar aiki. Wani lokaci rarrabuwar su ta matakan suna rikicewa tare da rarrabuwa zuwa layin tallafi a cikin wani kamfani. Amma a cikin yanayin gaba ɗaya waɗannan ra'ayoyin ba za a iya haɗa su ba. Layukan tallafi a cikin kamfani sune game da hanyoyin kasuwanci, galibi na musamman ga kowane kamfani, kuma "matakan" ma'aikata game da gwaninta da ƙwarewar ƙwararru.
"Layin farko na goyon baya" ko matsayi na farawa
Sabanin abin da ke sama, gano matakin farko na aiki da layin farko na goyon bayan fasaha dangane da hanyoyin kasuwanci yana da karɓa sosai. Layin farko na tallafi yana da ƙarancin buƙatu don ƙwararrun ilimi; saboda haka, yana buƙatar mutane masu ƙarancin ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa. Duk da haka, albashi ya ragu a nan.
Daga cikin daidaitattun bukatu:
- gaba ɗaya fahimtar "hardware" (misali, kayan aikin PC, kayan aiki da kayan ofis, idan muna magana ne game da tallafin IT);
- ladabi;
- juriya ga danniya da sauran halaye waɗanda ke ƙayyade ikon isassun sadarwa tare da masu amfani.
A wannan matakin babu buƙatar neman ilimi mai zurfi, kuma ba a taɓa buƙatar yare na waje ba (tare da keɓance ba kasafai ba).
Layin farko na tallafi. Albashi
Albashi a al'ada ya bambanta dangane da garin da ma'aikaci yake. Yawancin su suna cikin Moscow, aƙalla (a tsakanin manyan biranen) a cikin Volgograd.
A cikin 2013, a wannan matakin mutum zai iya ƙidaya akan samun kudin shiga na 11 zuwa 25 dubu rubles. A wannan lokacin a cikin guraben aiki tare da albashin da aka tallata, tayin ya bambanta daga 15 zuwa 35 dubu rubles.
A bisa ƙa'ida, akwai guraben aiki a kasuwa tare da iyakar albashi mafi girma, amma yawanci bayan nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin su ya bayyana a fili cewa suna cikin manyan matakai - suna buƙatar ƙwarewar aiki a fannoni masu alaƙa, ƙwarewar da ba ta dace ba ko takamaiman ilimi. Suna da wuya a yi la'akari da ƙididdiga na gaba ɗaya.
Wani fa'ida - a "wannan matakin" kashi 45% na guraben aiki ne kawai ke ɗauke da bayanan albashi. A A cikin duka, 20% suna ba da ayyuka ba tare da kwarewa ba na duk guraben tallafin fasaha da aka buga.
Matakin "Mun iyo, mun sani"
Yin la'akari da rubutun guraben da aka buga, matsayi a "matakin na biyu", ana buƙatar shekaru 1-2 na ƙwarewar aiki, amma ƙwararrun ƙwararrun waɗanda ba su da gogewa a cikin tallafin fasaha kuma suna iya neman sa. Duk da haka, a wannan yanayin, kwarewa a yankunan da ke da alaƙa, alal misali, a cikin tallace-tallace na kowane kayan aiki, ya zama mahimmanci.
Dangane da bayanan SuperJob daga shekaru hudu da suka gabata, a wannan matakin, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun na iya ƙidayar samun kudin shiga na 15 zuwa 30 dubu rubles..
"Masana" goyon bayan fasaha
A cikin sharuɗɗan SuperJob, ƴan takarar sun isa wannan matakin bayan shekara ɗaya na aiki kuma tare da ainihin ilimin “Gudanarwa”:
- iya gano kurakurai;
- fahimtar aikin tsarin kwamfuta da cibiyoyin sadarwa;
- Kwarewa a cikin shigarwa da daidaita hardware da software.
Bukatar neman ilimi mafi girma yana bayyana sau da yawa a cikin tallace-tallace. Ilimin Ingilishi - galibi don karanta takaddun.
Kididdiga daga shekaru hudu da suka gabata sun nuna kudin shiga a cikin kewayon daga 16 zuwa 42 dubu rubles. Bayanai na yanzu daga Yandex.Works - daga 20 zuwa 100 dubu rubles, dangane da birnin da rabon aikin "admin".
Kamar wancan akwai 'yan guraben aiki tare da samun kudin shiga sama da dubu 60 rubles, sabili da haka, irin wannan fadi da kewayon kada ya zama mai ɓatarwa: 70-100 dubu rubles a cikin wannan sashi ana karɓar ta "taurari".
Daga cikin jimlar adadin guraben tallafi, 57% suna tsammanin shekaru 1-2 na gwaninta, 11% suna tsammanin shekaru 3-5 na gwaninta. Ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙwarewa a wasu lokuta masu ban mamaki (a lokacin bincike, guraben guraben 3 kawai ana tsammanin 'yan takara za su sami gogewa fiye da shekaru 6).
Daga sama zuwa kasa ko ainihin yanayin al'amura
Yawancin manyan ma'aikata - kamfanonin da za su iya ba da albashi mai kyau ko babban al'amurra - ba sa nuna albashi a cikin tallace-tallace, sun fi son suna sunan farashin ƙarshe bayan sadarwar sirri tare da ɗan takarar.
A cewar My Circle, kusan kowane matsayi na biyar a cikin sashin IT ba ya ƙunshi bayanan albashi - kuma wannan shine 20% na kasuwa.! Af, idan ba ku dogara da lambobin HR daga wallafe-wallafe ba, amma bude Yandex.Work, to, daga cikin kamfanoni fiye da 1000 da ke ba da ayyukan tallafi na fasaha a Rasha, Kasa da rabin guraben aiki tare da bayanan albashi ana buga su (a cikin gwajin mu - kadan fiye da 400).
Af, kididdigar hukumomin daukar ma'aikata sun haɗa da ko dai kamfanoni waɗanda ke faɗaɗa tallafin fasaha (ɗaukar sabbin ma'aikata) ko sassan masana'antu waɗanda ke da alaƙa da manyan ma'aikata. Saboda haka matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici a cikin kasuwa - yawancin kididdigar sun danganta musamman ga ƙarancin farashi (alabashin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun layi na farko an haɗa su cikin rahotanni tare da nauyi mafi girma).
Ƙarin abubuwan alheri
Samun kudin shiga na ma'aikaci ba koyaushe yana bayyana a cikin kuɗi kawai ba. Rashin albashi wani lokaci ana biya ta hanyar zaɓuɓɓukan biyan kuɗi daban-daban - inshorar lafiya na son rai, abincin rana, jigilar kamfanoni daga metro, kulake na motsa jiki, darussan Ingilishi da sauran horo.
Yawancin kamfanoni sun fi son "girma" tallafin fasaha don kansu. A wannan yanayin, ka'idodin daukar ma'aikata don guraben aiki a buɗe sun bambanta da farko. Yayin da ake shirin horar da ’yan takara, raguwar bukatun kwarewa da ilimi a matakin shiga, da rage yawan albashin da aka yi alkawari da farko. A kan kasuwar ma'aikata na manyan biranen koyaushe kuna iya samun tayin da yawa don horarwa gaba ɗaya ba a biya ba. Bayar da albashi ga ɗan takarar da aka horar (idan an sami nasarar haɗa yanayi) za a yi shi ne kawai bayan kammala aikin horon.
Albashi mai launi daban-daban
Wani abu kuma shine tattalin arziki. Baƙar fata da launin toka albashi sun wanzu, kuma shaharar su (bisa ga hukumomin daukar ma'aikata guda ɗaya) yana haɓaka duk da ƙoƙarin da jihar ke yi na kasuwancin "farar fata". Ba zai yiwu a ba da shawarar kowane bayyanannen rabon albashi ba tare da la'akari da wannan batu.
Taimakon fasaha na nesa da haɗin gwiwa
Akwai ƙarin ma'aikatan "na nesa". Af, a cikin Amurka, a matsakaici, irin waɗannan ƙwararrun tallafin fasaha suna samun fiye da waɗanda ke aiki a ofis. Ba mu da wani kididdigan aiki mai nisa. Mu kawai mun san cewa akwai ƙarin martani sau 3-4 ga guraben aiki mai nisa, watau. akwai gagarumin bukatar irin wannan aikin. A lokaci guda, a cikin al'ummomin masana'antar IT, bisa ga "My Circle", riga kowane mutum na uku yana aiki daga nesa.
A cikin kasuwar ma'aikata ta Rasha har yanzu suna son adanawa don jawo hankalin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ma'aikata ta hanyar ɗaukar "masu sarrafa injina da yawa". Misali, tallafin abokin ciniki wani lokaci ana haɗe shi da tallace-tallace. A sakamakon haka, tallace-tallace suna bayyana don hayar masu siyarwa tare da ƙwarewar gudanarwa / tallafi kuma, akasin haka, masu gudanarwa tare da ikon siyarwa da tallafi. Ba shi yiwuwa a yi la'akari da albashin irin waɗannan ma'aikata a cikin ƙididdiga na gaba ɗaya.
A gefe guda, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru, kamar yadda muka rubuta, suna aiki da ayyuka da yawa a lokaci guda, kuma wannan wata dama ce ta ƙara yawan kuɗin shiga.
Sakamakon bincike shine cikakken hoto
Kodayake takamaiman lambobi suna canzawa akai-akai, yanayin gaba ɗaya game da ɗaukar ƙwararrun tallafin fasaha ya kasance.
Mafi sau da yawa, aikin irin wannan ƙwararrun yana farawa a cikin sassan tare da ƙarin ko žasa da ƙayyadaddun nauyi - inda za ku iya haskaka layin farko tare da ayyuka mafi sauƙi (kuma, bisa ga haka, ƙananan buƙatun don ilimin ɗan takarar). Waɗannan na iya zama cibiyoyin kira na masu samar da Intanet ko makamantan su. Anan ba su kallon ilimi ba, amma a kan basira da iyawa na "duniya":
- juriya danniya,
- karatu,
- ladabi,
- horo,
- zance mai tsafta.
Ko da ba a ƙayyade waɗannan sigogi a cikin talla ba, wata hanya ko wata, yawancin ma'aikata za su kimanta su a lokacin gwaji.
Tare da haɓaka ƙwarewar buƙata, ba tare da la'akari da matakin ƙwararren ba, albashi kuma yana ƙaruwa. A yawancin lokuta, ƙarin albashi yana tasiri ta hanyar:
- ilimi mafi girma na fasaha (ko ilimi na musamman, idan muna magana ne game da masana'antu irin su kwandishan);
- Harshen waje - a mafi yawan lokuta Ingilishi, amma kuma akwai buƙatun da ba daidai ba;
- ilimin dokoki a wani yanki ko tushen lissafin kuɗi (sau da yawa alhakin tallafi ya haɗa da shawarwari game da batutuwan kuɗi, musamman, zaɓin hanyoyin biyan kuɗi don ayyuka ko dawowa).
Ƙwararrun fasaha da ikon magance manyan matsalolin na iya ƙara yawan albashin ku. (canzawa zuwa matsayin injiniyan tallafi a ɗayan kunkuntar wurare). Kuma albashi na gaba "tsalle" yana faruwa lokacin da ƙwararren ya ɗauki wani ɓangare na aikin gudanarwa - ya zama shugaban ƙungiya ko yanki.
Maimakon ƙarewa ko lambobi masu mahimmanci
Jimlar kamfanoni tare da guraben tallafi a Rasha na Yuli-Agusta 2017: 1025.
Ciki har da albashi: 436 (42,5%).
Kamfanoni tare da guraben tallafi a cikin masana'antar IT: 930 (91% na jimlar yawan kamfanoni tare da guraben tallafi).
Daga cikin waɗannan, yana nuna albashi: 394 (42% na jimlar yawan kamfanoni tare da guraben tallafi a cikin sashin IT).
A ƙasa muna magana ne kawai game da guraben IT:
- Ba tare da kwarewa ba: 187 (20% na jimlar yawan kamfanonin da ke da guraben tallafi a cikin sashin IT), wanda 85 (45%) suna da albashi; matsayi - gwani, injiniya, ma'aikaci.
- Kwarewa 1 - 2 shekaru: 532 (57%), tare da albashi - 230 (43%); matsayi - gwani, injiniya, ma'aikaci.
- Kwarewa 3 - 5 shekaru: 101 (11%), tare da albashi - 33 (32%); matsayi - manaja, injiniya, gwani.
- 6 ko fiye da shekaru na gwaninta - kawai 3 guraben aiki (tare da albashi - kawai 1); matsayi - injiniya da manaja.
Kamfanoni masu guraben aiki a cikin tallafin abokin ciniki / tallafin abokin ciniki - 48. Daga cikin waɗannan, 9 sune matsayi na gudanarwa a cibiyoyin kira da goyon bayan fasaha; 3 suna da alaƙa da tallace-tallace a fili, kuma 7 sune ainihin goyon bayan fasaha (kamar yadda ya bayyana daga saurin binciken rubutun talla).
A cikin wallafe-wallafen na gaba za mu dubi yadda abubuwa ke tafiya a kasashen waje: wane irin kudin shiga ne kuma ko akwai bambanci tsakanin goyon bayan fasaha da goyon bayan abokin ciniki.
source: www.habr.com