Mutanen da suka rasa ikon yin magana da muryarsu sukan yi amfani da na'urorin haɗa magana daban-daban. Fasahar zamani tana ba da mafita da yawa ga wannan matsala: daga shigarwar madannai mai sauƙi zuwa shigar da rubutu ta amfani da kallo da nuni na musamman. Duk da haka, duk hanyoyin da ake da su suna da sannu a hankali, kuma mafi tsanani yanayin yanayin mutum, yana ɗaukar tsawon lokaci don rubutawa. Mai yiyuwa ne nan ba da dadewa ba za a warware wannan matsala ta hanyar amfani da na'ura mai kwakwalwa, wanda ake aiwatar da shi ta hanyar dasa na'urar lantarki na musamman da aka sanya kai tsaye a kan kwakwalwa, wanda ke ba da cikakkiyar daidaito wajen karanta ayyukanta, wanda tsarin zai iya fassara shi zuwa magana. da za mu iya fahimta.
Masu bincike daga Jami'ar California, San Francisco, a cikin su a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, sun bayyana yadda suka sami damar yin magana da tunanin mutum ta hanyar amfani da dasa. An ba da rahoton cewa, sautin ba daidai ba ne a wasu wurare, amma an sami damar sake fasalin jimlolin, kuma mafi mahimmanci, masu sauraron waje sun fahimta. Wannan yana buƙatar shekaru na bincike da kwatancen siginar kwakwalwar da aka yi rikodin, kuma fasahar ba ta shirya don amfani da ita a wajen dakin gwaje-gwaje ba. Duk da haka, gwajin ya nuna cewa "ta amfani da kwakwalwa kawai, za ku iya tantancewa da kuma sake yin magana," in ji Gopala Anumanchipalli, masanin kimiyyar kwakwalwa da magana.
"Fasaha da aka kwatanta a cikin sabon binciken ta yi alkawarin dawo da ikon mutane na yin magana cikin 'yanci," in ji Frank Guenther, masanin ilimin kwakwalwa a Jami'ar Boston. "Yana da wahala a wuce gona da iri kan mahimmancin wannan ga duk waɗannan mutane... Yana da matuƙar ware da kuma mafarkin rashin iya sadar da bukatun ku kawai mu'amala da al'umma."
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, kayan aikin magana da ake da su waɗanda ke dogara ga buga kalmomi ta amfani da hanya ɗaya ko wata suna da ban sha'awa kuma galibi suna samar da kalmomi sama da 10 a cikin minti ɗaya. A cikin binciken da aka yi a baya, masana kimiyya sun riga sun yi amfani da siginar kwakwalwa don ƙaddamar da ƙananan ƙananan magana, kamar wasula ko kalmomi guda ɗaya, amma tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙamus fiye da na sabon aikin.
Anumanchipalli, tare da likitan neurosurgeon Edward Chang da injiniyan halittu Josh Chartier, sun yi nazari kan mutane biyar da aka dasa grid na lantarki na dan lokaci a cikin kwakwalwarsu a matsayin wani bangare na maganin farfadiya. Saboda waɗannan mutane sun iya yin magana da kansu, masu binciken sun sami damar yin rikodin ayyukan kwakwalwa yayin da batutuwa ke faɗi jimla. Daga nan ƙungiyar ta haɗa siginar ƙwaƙwalwa waɗanda ke sarrafa lebe, harshe, muƙamuƙi da makogwaro tare da ainihin motsin muryar murya. Wannan ya baiwa masana kimiyya damar ƙirƙirar na'urar murya ta musamman ga kowane mutum.
Masu binciken sun fassara motsin akwatin muryar kama-da-wane zuwa sautuna. Yin amfani da wannan hanyar "ya inganta magana kuma ya sa ya zama na halitta," in ji Chartier. Kusan kashi 70 cikin XNUMX na kalmomin da aka sake ginawa sun kasance masu fahimta ga masu sauraro waɗanda aka nemi su fassara jawabin da aka haɗa. Alal misali, sa’ad da wani batu ya yi ƙoƙari ya ce, “Samu cat calico don kiyaye rodents ɗin,” mai sauraron ya ji, “Kat ɗin calico don kiyaye zomaye.” Gabaɗaya, wasu sauti sun yi kyau, kamar "sh (sh)." Wasu, kamar "buh" da "puh", sun yi laushi.
Wannan fasaha ta dogara da sanin yadda mutum yake amfani da muryar murya. Amma mutane da yawa kawai ba za su sami wannan bayanin da aikin kwakwalwa ba, tun da su, bisa ka'ida, ba za su iya yin magana ba saboda bugun kwakwalwa, lalacewar muryar murya, ko cutar Lou Gehrig (wanda Stephen Hawking ya sha wahala).
"Ya zuwa yanzu babbar matsala ita ce yadda za ku yi aikin gina na'ura a lokacin da ba ku da misalin jawabin da za a gina dominsa," in ji Mark Slutsky, masanin kimiyyar kwakwalwa kuma injiniyan neuro a Makarantar Magunguna ta Johns. Feinberg na Jami'ar Northwestern a Chicago.
Duk da haka, a wasu gwaje-gwajen, masu binciken sun gano cewa algorithms da aka yi amfani da su don fassara motsin murya mai kama da sauti zuwa sauti sun kasance daidai daga mutum zuwa mutum wanda za a iya sake amfani da su a cikin mutane daban-daban, watakila ma wadanda ba su da komai suna iya magana.
Amma a halin yanzu, hada taswirar duniya na ayyukan siginar kwakwalwa daidai da aikin na'urar sauti yana kama da babban aiki mai wahala don amfani da shi ga mutanen da na'urorin magana ba su daɗe suna aiki ba.
source: 3dnews.ru