A tsakiyar shekarun 1980, USSR ba kawai wasa perestroika ba kuma ya canza Simca 1307 zuwa Moskvich-2141, amma kuma yayi ƙoƙarin hango hasashen makomar matsakaicin mabukaci. Abu ne mai wahala sosai, musamman ma a cikin yanayin ƙarancin ƙasa. Duk da haka, masana kimiyyar Soviet sun iya yin hasashen bullowar kwamfyutocin kwamfyutoci, wayoyin komai da ruwanka, gilashin kaifin baki da belun kunne.
Abin ban dariya ne cewa ko da a lokacin, shekaru 30 da suka gabata, an yi la'akari da abubuwan da ke tattare da kayan lantarki masu sawa:
"Mafi yawan hanyoyin da ba a zata ba suna yiwuwa a nan: alal misali, gilashin tabarau wanda, a umarnin mai amfani, ya zama nuni wanda ke nuna lokaci ko wasu bayanan da ake bukata (yawan bugun jini, zafin jiki ko iska na yanayi)."
Muna magana ne game da wani aikin da aka haifa a cikin hanji na Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (VNIITE). Tare da wasu tanadi, ana iya kiran wannan aikin tsarin "gida mai wayo". Cibiyar ta fitar da babban koma bayan duk na'urorin gida - rashin tsarin guda ɗaya wanda zai iya haɗa TV, na'urar daukar hoto, VCR, kwamfuta, printer, da lasifika. Kuma sun ba da shawarar magance wannan matsala a cikin mujallar ""Satumba 1987.
Don haka, ku saba. A nan ne Superfunctional Integrated Communication System - SPHINX, halitta Igor Lysenko, Alexey da Maria Kolotushkin, Marina Mikheva, Elena Ruzova karkashin jagorancin Dmitry Azrikan. Masu haɓakawa sun bayyana aikin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin yuwuwar mafita don ƙirar gidan talabijin da gidan rediyo a cikin 2000. Ba wai kawai aikin wani abu bane a matsayin aikin ka'idar hulɗar tsakanin masu amfani da tushen bayanai.
Kusan duk na'urori suna da sauƙin ganewa, daidai?
Tunanin da alama quite sauki da kuma m. SPHINX ya kamata ya haɗa dukkan na'urorin shigarwa da fitarwa tare da na'ura mai mahimmanci, wanda kuma ya zama wurin ajiyar bayanai da kuma hanyar karba da watsawa a waje. An rarraba bayanan da na'ura mai sarrafa ya karɓa a kan allo, ginshiƙai da sauran tubalan. Ta yadda za a iya sanya waɗannan tubalan a ko'ina cikin ɗakin (alal misali, ana nuna fim ɗin tare da waƙar sauti a kan allo a cikin ɗaki ɗaya, wasan bidiyo a wani, kwamfutar da ke da aikin aiki a ofis, da kuma littafin mai jiwuwa. ana karantawa a cikin ɗakin dafa abinci), an ba da shawarar sanya su a cikin ɗakin (watakila har ma a lokacin gina gidan) abin da ake kira "busbars". Wato wasu igiyoyi na duniya waɗanda za su iya sarrafa na'urorin lantarki da sarrafa su ta hanyar sarrafa su.
Nakalto daga labarin:
"SPHINX shine kayan aikin rediyo-lantarki don gidan na gaba. Dukkanin aiki akan karɓa, rikodi, adanawa da rarraba nau'ikan bayanai daban-daban ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar na'ura ta tsakiya tare da na'urar ajiya ta duniya. Binciken na baya-bayan nan ya ba da dalilin bege ga bullar irin wannan jigilar ta duniya nan gaba kadan. Zai maye gurbin (na farko da ya dace) rikodin gramophone, kaset na sauti da na bidiyo, CD na yanzu, hotuna da nunin faifai (har yanzu firam), rubutun bugu, da sauransu.”
Hagu - naúrar tare da tsakiya processor SPHINX. Waɗannan baƙon “petals” a cikin wutsiya sune kafofin watsa labarai na ajiya, kwatankwacin SSDs na zamani, HDDs, filasha, ko, a cikin matsanancin yanayi, CDs. A cikin USSR sun tabbata cewa da farko mai ɗaukar bayanan duniya zai zama faifai, sa'an nan kuma crystalline, ba tare da motsi ba a cikin na'urorin karatu.
A tsakiya - zaɓuɓɓuka biyu don babban kwamiti mai kulawa. Blue ne mai taɓawa kuma yana da ƙarin ƙaramin ramut na hannu a cikin hutu. Farar fata - rashin jin daɗi, a cikin hutu - mai karɓar tarho. Ana iya haɗa shi da allo irin na kwamfutar hannu don ƙirƙirar wani abu mai tunawa da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka na zamani. A gefen dama na madannai akwai maɓallai biyu na “ƙari-ƙasa” don daidaita kowane sigogi.
A dama - ƙaramin ramut na hannu tare da nunin da aka kulle. Tsarin maɓalli na diagonal, kamar yadda aka yi la'akari da haka, ya dace sosai don aiki tare da kulawar ramut. Dole ne kowane maɓalli ya haskaka baya, kuma idan ya cancanta, za a iya kunna amsa mai ji don latsawa.
Lura cewa na'urorin SPHINX sun kasu kashi uku:
- Abin sawa
- Abubuwan da suka shafi gidaje
- Abubuwan da suka shafi sufuri
Yana da sauƙin gane "mundaye masu wayo" da agogo, "gida mai wayo" da kwamfutocin mota a kan jirgi.
Me za ku iya yi tare da taimakon SPHINX? Haka ne, irin abin da muke yi a yau: kallon talabijin da fina-finai daga ɗakin karatu na kafofin watsa labaru, sauraron kiɗa, samun bayanan yanayi, yin kiran bidiyo.
“A nan za ku iya kallon fina-finai, shirye-shiryen bidiyo, shirye-shiryen talabijin, ayyukan fasaha, wasu hotuna da waƙoƙin sauti, kunna wasannin kwamfuta na gama-gari, da kuma guntuwar kundi na iyali a nan. Iyali na iya shirya taron abokantaka na wayar tarho ko taron kasuwanci. Ana iya gabatar da ƙarin bayani (lokaci, yanayi, bayanai, wasu tashoshi, da sauransu) akan firam ɗin shigarwa,"
- sun yi mafarki a cikin USSR.
An ba da haɗin haɗin waya da mara waya na wasu na'urori. Masu haɓakawa sun kasance da kwarin gwiwa cewa mai sarrafa na'ura zai iya karɓar bayanai kuma ya tura shi zuwa wasu na'urorin gida ta hanyar siginar rediyo (samfurin Wi-Fi). Dole ne mai sarrafa na tsakiya ya ƙunshi naúrar da ke juyar da nau'ikan sigina zuwa nau'i na dijital.
Mai sarrafawa da kansa ya yi aiki ne kawai a matsayin hanyar rarraba ayyuka zuwa wasu na'urori. Don haka, bai buƙaci a adana shi a wurin da ake iya gani ba. Gaskiya ne, idan kun tura na'urar a wani wuri mai nisa, to, zai zama da wuya a saka "petals" a ciki - masu kula da bayanai. An ɗauka cewa kowane irin wannan faifan yana da alhakin nishaɗi ko aiki ga ɗan gida ɗaya. Wato, alal misali, ana yin rikodin fina-finai da wasanni akan matsakaici ɗaya, kiɗa da shirye-shiryen ilimi akan wani, kasuwanci da aikace-aikacen ƙirƙira akan na uku, da sauransu.
Dole ne mai sarrafa na tsakiya ya watsa abin da ake buƙata zuwa nunin.
"SPHINX yana ba ku damar fara samar da ɗaki tare da kowane muhimmin aiki guda ɗaya. Adadin na'urorin ba ya girma daidai gwargwado ga adadin masu amfani da ayyuka, amma kaɗan ne kawai."
- a gaskiya, wannan shine ra'ayin smartphone. Komai yawan aikace-aikacen (ayyukan) da kuka shigar, girman na'urar ba ta canzawa. Sai dai idan kun saka katin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mafi girma.
Tsarin ya duba , amma duk damar SPHINX, kamar tsarin kanta, a wancan lokacin yana da kyau kawai a shafukan mujallu. Ƙirƙirar shimfidar wuri mai aiki, ba tare da ambaton aiwatar da ra'ayin a aikace ba, ba a cikin tambaya. Tarayyar Soviet ta yi gaggawar kusantar mataki na ƙarshe na rugujewa, tare da takardun shaida na sukari, sabulu da nama, tare da karuwar rikice-rikice na kabilanci da talauci na jama'a. Wanene yake sha'awar tunanin wasu masu zanen kaya da injiniyoyi?
Menene to?
Dangane da VNIITE, babu wani abin ban sha'awa da ya faru a wurin har zuwa tsakiyar 2000s. Jihar ta canza, kuma idan a baya kusan duk samfuran da aka samar a cikin USSR sun wuce ta VNIITE, yanzu wannan ba haka bane. Cibiyar ta zama matalauta, rasa rassa a wasu garuruwa da ma'aikata da yawa, kuma ta rufe cibiyar zane a dandalin Pushkinskaya. Ma'aikatan sun tsunduma da farko a cikin aikin kimiyya tare da kusan abun da ke ciki kamar na 80s.
Koyaya, a tsakiyar 2013s yanayin ya canza. Sabbin mutane sun zo, sabbin ra'ayoyi sun bayyana. Kuma a cikin 461, cibiyar binciken ta kasance an haɗa shi zuwa Jami'ar RTU MIREA bisa umarnin Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Kimiyya ta Tarayyar Rasha mai lamba 2014. Ayyukanta ba su ƙare a nan ba. Akasin haka, tun daga XNUMX an gudanar da Ranar Tsarin Masana'antu ta Duniya na shekara-shekara (ciki har da yankin Skolkovo). An sake kaddamar da dakin gwaje-gwaje na ergonomic, sashen ka'idar da tsarin aiki da sashen zane-zane sun dawo, ayyukan gwamnati da ayyukan ilimi sun bayyana. Daga cikin ayyukan da aka fi tsammanin, muna haskaka "Ergonomic Atlas". Me yasa yake da mahimmanci? Sergey Moiseev, darektan ci gaba na cibiyar, ya ce:
“Tun daga shekarar 1971, ba a auna ma’aunin anthropometric a kasarmu ba, kuma ma’aunin jikinsu yana canzawa a kan lokaci. Atlas ya riga ya kasance a matakin ƙarshe na aiki kuma za a sake shi nan ba da jimawa ba. Wannan abu ne mai mahimmanci, saboda yanzu a cikin Rasha ka'idodin tufafi, ka'idodin kariyar aiki, ka'idodin wuraren aiki - duk wannan ya dace da ma'auni na 1971.
Dangane da shugaban aikin SPHINX, Dmitry Azrikan, ya koma Amurka, inda ya zama daraktan zane na International Promotion Inc. A Chicago, kuma ya sami fiye da ɗari takaddun shaida don ƙirar masana'antu da haƙƙin mallaka a Rasha da Amurka. Kuma shirin horar da zanen da ya haɓaka a Jami'ar Western Michigan (Amurka) an amince da shi kuma ya karɓi takardar shaidar NASAD (Ƙungiyar Makarantun Fasaha da Zane) ta ƙasa.
Dmitry, ta hanyar, ya kammala ra'ayinsa. A cikin 1990, an gabatar da ra'ayinsa a Spain.» . Kuma a wani nuni a cikin 1992 a Japan, ra'ayin nan gaba ya haifar da motsin rai.".
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source: www.habr.com