A kan fifikon aiki a fagen canja wurin bayanai.
Majagaba a cikin wannan batu na zamani shine V.A. Kotelnikov. A lokacin karatun digiri a MPEI an buga su a cikin 1932. yana aiki, daya daga cikinsu ana kiransa "Akan samar da iska da waya a cikin sadarwa" kuma an gabatar da shi ga rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Farko game da sake gina fasahar sadarwa da ci gaban masana'antu maras nauyi. Ba a yi taron ba. An buga shi a cikin 1933. a matsayin abu don rahoton (an yarda don bugawa a cikin
Nuwamba 1932). Wanda shine tabbatar da fifiko a hukumance. Bayan kammala karatun digirinsa, Vladimir ya ba da rahoton aikinsa ga Majalisar Ilimi. An amince da rahoton, aikin "Game da kayan aiki ..." ba a fahimta ba - "... da alama gaskiya ne, amma almarar kimiyya."
Da fari dai, wannan aikin ya nuna ƙwaƙƙwaran kwatance don haɓaka hanyoyin sadarwa da kuma yanke wuraren da suka mutu. Na biyu, a fannin bayanai na matsalolin sadarwa, watsa bayanai na dijital ta hanyar lissafi, sanannen ka'idar.
Kotelnikov. A gaskiya ma, wannan aikin ya ƙunshi jigogi 7.
Wannan shi ne wanda Shannon da sauran irinsa suke kira "Theorem Theorem", wanda ya buga shekaru 15 bayan haka a cikin 1948. Bayan haka, a cikin 1970s, tare da haɓaka na'urorin lantarki, an sami karuwar sha'awar watsa bayanai na dijital. A shekarar 1977 Tambaya ta taso lokacin da aka tsara abubuwan da suka fi dacewa kuma an gabatar da sunan WKS theorem, Whittaker-Kotelnikov-Shannon.
A shekarar 1999 Gidauniyar Eduard Rhein, ta taƙaita fitattun nasarorin kimiyya na ƙarni na XNUMX, ta ba da lambar yabo ga masanin kimiyyar Soviet Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kotelnikov a cikin rukunin "don bincike mai mahimmanci" don "kayan farko da aka tsara da kuma buga ka'idodin nassoshi."
Wani batu mai ban sha'awa.
Sunan Harry Nyquist ya fito, wanda mai yiwuwa ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin na farko don fahimta da bayyana ra'ayin cewa samfuran sigina ya kamata su bambanta a cikin tazarar lokaci daidai da.
kusan juzu'in band ɗin da faɗinsa mai ban mamaki. Wannan sau da yawa yakan haifar, musamman ga masana kimiyya na Yamma, don amfani da kalmar "Dokar Samar da Samfuran Nyquist." Amma tunaninsa yana da alaƙa da matsalar rashin karkatar da isar da siginar telegraph, duk da cewa suna kusa da matsalar rashin karkatar da siginar analog. Farfesa D. Luke a cikin wani talifi game da asalin ka’idar Samfur ya nuna wannan: “Masanin kimiyya na farko da ya tsara ainihin ka’idar samfurin kuma ya yi amfani da ita ga matsalar ka’idar sadarwa da fasaha mai yiwuwa V.A. Kotelnikov ne.”
Karamin digression da kuma game da fifiko.
A cikin 1939 Vladimir Aleksandrovich ya kirkiro kayan aikin sadarwa a gefe guda kuma ya tattara shi da kansa, ba shakka ba shi kaɗai ba, saboda masana'antar ta ƙi: "Babu wanda ya taɓa yin wannan a baya."
yi." An shigar da shi amma ba a yarda da shi akan layin Moscow-Khabarovsk ba. Ba a karɓa ba: "Sauƙi don ji." Bayan karanta labarin ta H. Dudley, Kotelnikov ya kirkiro kayan aikin ɓoye magana da
ya bayyana ra'ayinsa a cikin rahoton "Tsarin tanade-tanade na ɓoyewa ta atomatik" a ranar 19 ga Yuni, 1941. Wannan takarda ita ce ta farko da ta tsara buƙatun don wanda ba a iya tantancewa ta hanyar lissafi
tsarin tare da shaidar rashin yiwuwar decryption. Ba a cikin buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen ba (ko watakila ya riga ya kasance?).
K. Shannon 1 ga Satumba, 1945 ya zayyana hanyoyin da za a gina ƙwaƙƙwaran tsarin ɓoyewa; an buga rahoton a cikin 1949.
Taƙaitaccen bita na "Ci gaba a Kimiyyar Jiki", taro da tattaunawa, Yuli 2006, juzu'i na 176, lamba 7
.
A ƙarshe, zan iya cewa sau da yawa a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya da masu amfani, marubutan kasashen waje sun yi shiru, suna ɗaukar nauyin kansu, ko kuma, a cikin matsanancin yanayi, suna rage nasarorin Rasha-Soviet-Rasha da abubuwan da suka fi dacewa.
Buga na gaba zai kasance gabatar da kayan aiki akan tambayar "Wane ne wanda ya kirkiro rediyo, Popov ko Marconi?" idan ina da wuta iri ɗaya a cikin ɗakin bayan gida kamar yau.
source: www.habr.com
