🥇 Sakin dandali na wayar hannu ta Android 12

Google ya wallafa sakin bude dandalin wayar hannu Android 12. An buga rubutun tushen da ke da alaƙa da sabon sakin a cikin ma'ajin Git na aikin (reshen android-12.0.0_r1). An shirya sabuntawar firmware don na'urorin jerin na'urori na Pixel, haka kuma don wayowin komai da ruwan da Samsung Galaxy, OnePlus, Oppo, Realme, Tecno, Vivo da Xiaomi suka kera. Bugu da ƙari, an ƙirƙiri taron GSI na duniya (Generic System Images), waɗanda suka dace da na'urori daban-daban dangane da gine-ginen ARM64 da x86_64.

Manyan sabbin abubuwa:

Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan sabunta ƙira na mu'amala a cikin tarihin aikin an ƙaddamar da shi. Sabuwar ƙira tana aiwatar da manufar "Material You", wanda aka zayyana a matsayin ƙarni na gaba na Ƙirƙirar Kayan Aiki. Sabuwar ra'ayi za a yi amfani da shi ta atomatik zuwa duk dandamali da abubuwan haɗin kai, kuma ba zai buƙaci masu haɓaka aikace-aikacen yin kowane canje-canje ba. A watan Yuli, ana shirin samar da masu haɓaka aikace-aikacen tare da ingantaccen sakin sabon kayan aiki na farko don haɓaka mu'amala mai hoto - Jetpack Compose.
Dandalin kanta yana da sabon ƙirar widget din. Widgets an ƙara bayyane, an zagaya sasanninta mafi kyau, kuma an samar da ikon yin amfani da launuka masu ƙarfi waɗanda suka dace da jigon tsarin. Ƙara iko na mu'amala kamar akwatunan rajista da masu sauyawa (CheckBox, Sauyawa da RadioButton), misali, ba ku damar shirya jerin ayyuka a cikin widget din TODO ba tare da buɗe aikace-aikacen ba.

An aiwatar da sauyi mai sauƙi na gani zuwa aikace-aikacen da aka ƙaddamar daga widget din. An sauƙaƙa keɓance kayan aikin widget din - an ƙara maɓalli (da'irar da fensir) don hanzarta sake saita wurin sanya widget ɗin akan allon, wanda ke bayyana lokacin da kuka taɓa widget din na dogon lokaci.

Ana ba da ƙarin hanyoyin don iyakance girman widget ɗin da ikon yin amfani da tsarin daidaita abubuwan widget din (shimfiɗa mai amsawa) don ƙirƙirar daidaitattun shimfidar wurare waɗanda ke canzawa dangane da girman wurin da ake iya gani (misali, zaku iya ƙirƙirar shimfidu daban don Allunan da wayoyin hannu). Mai duba widget din yana aiwatar da samfoti mai ƙarfi da ikon nuna bayanin widget din.
Ƙara ikon daidaita tsarin palette ta atomatik zuwa launi na fuskar bangon waya da aka zaɓa - tsarin ta atomatik yana gano launuka masu rinjaye, daidaita palette na yanzu kuma yana amfani da canje-canje ga duk abubuwan da ke dubawa, gami da yankin sanarwa, allon kulle, widgets da sarrafa ƙarar.
An aiwatar da sabbin tasirin mai rai, kamar zuƙowa a hankali da kuma sauya wurare masu santsi lokacin gungurawa, bayyanawa da abubuwan motsi akan allon. Misali, lokacin da kuka soke sanarwar akan allon kulle, mai nuna lokacin yana faɗaɗa ta atomatik kuma yana ɗaukar sararin da sanarwar ta mamaye a baya.
An sake fasalin ƙirar yanki mai saukarwa tare da sanarwa da saitunan sauri. Zaɓuɓɓuka don Google Pay da sarrafa gida mai wayo an ƙara zuwa saitunan gaggawa. Riƙe maɓallin wuta yana kawo Mataimakin Google, wanda zaku iya ba da umarni don yin kira, buɗe aikace-aikacen, ko karanta labarin da babbar murya. Ana ba da sanarwar tare da abun ciki da ƙayyadaddun aikace-aikacen ya kayyade a cikin tsari na gaba ɗaya.
Ƙara Tasirin Ƙarfafawa don nuna cewa mai amfani ya wuce yankin gungurawa kuma ya kai ƙarshen abun ciki. Tare da sabon tasiri, hoton abun ciki yana da alama yana shimfiɗawa da baya. Sabuwar dabi'ar gungurawa tana kunna ta tsohuwa, amma akwai zaɓi a cikin saitunan don komawa zuwa tsohuwar hali.
An inganta keɓancewa don na'urori masu nadawa fuska.
An aiwatar da sauye-sauyen sauti mai laushi - lokacin da aka canza daga aikace-aikacen da ke fitar da sauti zuwa wani, sautin na farko yanzu yana kashewa sosai, na biyu kuma yana ƙaruwa sosai, ba tare da sanya sauti ɗaya akan ɗayan ba.
An sabunta hanyar sadarwa don sarrafa haɗin yanar gizo a cikin toshe saituna mai sauri, panel da mai daidaita tsarin. An ƙara sabon rukunin Intanet wanda ke ba ku damar canzawa tsakanin masu samarwa daban-daban da kuma gano matsalolin.
Ƙara ikon ƙirƙirar hotunan kariyar kwamfuta wanda ke rufe ba kawai wurin da ake iya gani ba, har ma da abun ciki a wurin gungurawa. Ikon kiyaye abun ciki a wajen wurin da ake iya gani yana aiki ga duk aikace-aikacen da ke amfani da ajin Duba don fitarwa. Don aiwatar da goyan baya don gungurawa hotunan kariyar kwamfuta a cikin shirye-shiryen da ke amfani da takamaiman musaya, an gabatar da ScrollCapture API.
An inganta fasalin abubuwan da ke jujjuya allo ta atomatik, wanda yanzu za a iya amfani da tantance fuska daga kyamarar gaba don sanin ko allon yana buƙatar juyawa, misali lokacin da mutum ke amfani da wayar yayin kwance. Don tabbatar da sirri, ana sarrafa bayanai akan tashi ba tare da matsakaitan adana hotuna ba. A halin yanzu ana samun fasalin akan Pixel 4 da sabbin wayoyi.
Ingantattun yanayin hoto-cikin hoto (PIP, Hoto a Hoto) da ƙara santsi na tasirin canji. Idan kun kunna sauyawa ta atomatik zuwa PIP tare da motsin gida zuwa gida (canza kasan allon sama), aikace-aikacen yanzu an canza shi zuwa yanayin PIP, ba tare da jiran raye-rayen ya cika ba. Inganta girman windows PIP tare da abubuwan da ba na bidiyo ba. Ƙara ikon ɓoye taga PIP ta hanyar jan shi zuwa gefen hagu ko dama na allon. An canza halayen lokacin taɓa taga PIP - taɓawa ɗaya yanzu yana nuna maɓallin sarrafawa, kuma taɓawa sau biyu yana canza girman taga.

Ingantattun Ayyuka:

An aiwatar da ingantaccen ingantaccen aikin tsarin - nauyin da ke kan CPU na manyan ayyukan tsarin ya ragu da kashi 22%, wanda hakan ya haifar da haɓaka rayuwar batir da 15%. Ta hanyar rage rikice-rikice na kulle, rage jinkiri, da inganta I/O, aikin sauyawa daga wannan aikace-aikacen zuwa wani yana ƙaruwa kuma lokacin farawa aikace-aikacen yana raguwa.
A cikin PackageManager, lokacin aiki tare da hotunan hoto a yanayin karantawa kawai, an rage takaddamar kulle da kashi 92%. Injin sadarwar hanyar sadarwa na Binder yana amfani da caching mara nauyi don rage jinkiri har zuwa sau 47 don wasu nau'ikan kira. Ingantattun ayyuka don sarrafa fayilolin dex, odex, da vdex, yana haifar da saurin loda kayan aiki, musamman akan na'urori masu ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwa. An haɓaka ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen daga sanarwar, alal misali, ƙaddamar da Hotunan Google daga sanarwar yanzu yana da sauri 34%.

An inganta aikin tambayoyin bayanai ta hanyar amfani da ingantattun ingantattun layi a cikin aikin CursorWindow. Don ƙananan bayanai, CursorWindow ya zama 36% cikin sauri, kuma don saitin fiye da layuka 1000, saurin gudu na iya zama har sau 49.

An gabatar da sharuɗɗan don rarraba na'urori ta hanyar aiki. Dangane da iyawar na'urar, an sanya ta ajin aiki, wanda sannan za'a iya amfani da shi a aikace-aikace don iyakance ayyukan codecs akan na'urori marasa ƙarfi ko don sarrafa abun cikin multimedia mafi inganci akan kayan aiki masu ƙarfi.
An aiwatar da yanayin ɓoye aikace-aikacen, wanda ke ba da damar, idan mai amfani bai yi hulɗa da shirin ba na dogon lokaci, don sake saita izinin da aka bayar ta atomatik zuwa aikace-aikacen, dakatar da aiwatarwa, dawo da albarkatun da aikace-aikacen ke amfani da su, kamar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da kuma toshe ƙaddamar da aikin baya da aika sanarwar turawa. Ana iya amfani da yanayin don yawancin aikace-aikacen kuma yana ba ku damar kare bayanan mai amfani waɗanda shirye-shiryen da aka manta da su na ci gaba da samun damar yin amfani da su. Idan ana so, ana iya kashe yanayin kwance a cikin saitunan.
An inganta raye-rayen lokacin jujjuya allo, rage jinkiri kafin juyawa da kusan 25%.
Tsarin ya haɗa da sabon injin bincike mai inganci AppSearch, wanda ke ba ku damar fidda bayanai akan na'urar da yin cikakken binciken rubutu tare da sakamako mai daraja. AppSearch yana ba da nau'ikan fihirisa guda biyu - don tsara bincike a cikin aikace-aikacen mutum ɗaya da kuma bincika tsarin gaba ɗaya.
Ƙara Yanayin Game API da madaidaitan saituna waɗanda ke ba ku damar sarrafa bayanan aikin wasan - alal misali, kuna iya sadaukar da aikin don tsawaita rayuwar batir ko amfani da duk albarkatun da ake da su don cimma iyakar FPS.
Ƙara aikin play-as-you-zazzagewa don zazzage albarkatun wasa a bango yayin aikin shigarwa, yana ba ku damar fara wasa kafin saukarwar ta cika. aikace-aikace.
Ƙara yawan amsawa da saurin amsawa yayin aiki tare da sanarwa. Misali, lokacin da mai amfani ya taɓa sanarwa, yanzu yana ɗauke da su zuwa ƙa'idar da ke da alaƙa. Aikace-aikace suna iyakance amfani da trampolines na sanarwa.
Ingantaccen kiran IPC a cikin Binder. Ta hanyar amfani da sabon dabarun caching da kawar da takaddama na kulle, an rage jinkiri sosai. Gabaɗaya, aikin kira na Binder ya ninka kusan ninki biyu, amma akwai wasu wuraren da aka sami mahimmin saurin gudu. Misali, kiran refContentProvider() ya zama sau 47 cikin sauri, sakiWakeLock() sau 15 cikin sauri, da JobScheduler.schedule() sau 7.9 cikin sauri.
Don hana yuwuwar al'amurran da suka shafi aiki, an hana aikace-aikacen gudanar da ayyukan gaba yayin da suke gudana a bango, sai dai a wasu lokuta na musamman. Don fara aiki yayin da ke bango, ana ba da shawarar amfani da WorkManager. Don sauƙaƙe sauƙaƙawa, an gabatar da sabon nau'in aiki a cikin JobScheduler, wanda ke farawa nan da nan, ya ƙara fifiko da samun damar hanyar sadarwa.

Canje-canje da ke shafar tsaro da keɓantawa:

An aiwatar da mu'amalar Dashboard na Sirri tare da taƙaitaccen bayani na duk saitunan izini, yana ba ku damar fahimtar abin da aikace-aikacen bayanan mai amfani ke da damar yin amfani da su. Ƙididdiga ta haɗa da tsarin lokaci wanda ke hango tarihin samun damar app zuwa makirufo, kamara, da bayanan wuri. Ga kowane aikace-aikacen, zaku iya duba cikakkun bayanai da dalilai na samun damar bayanai masu mahimmanci.
An ƙara alamun ayyukan makirufo da kamara a cikin panel, waɗanda ke bayyana lokacin da aikace-aikacen ya sami dama ga kyamara ko makirufo. Lokacin da ka danna maballin, zance tare da saituna yana bayyana, yana ba ka damar tantance aikace-aikacen da ke aiki tare da kyamara ko makirufo, kuma, idan ya cancanta, soke izini.
An ƙara masu sauyawa zuwa toshewar saituna masu sauri, wanda da shi zaku iya kashe makirufo da kamara da ƙarfi. Bayan kashewa, ƙoƙarin samun dama ga kyamara da makirufo zai haifar da sanarwa da aika bayanan komai zuwa aikace-aikacen.
An ƙara sabon sanarwar da ke bayyana a ƙasan allo a duk lokacin da aikace-aikacen yayi ƙoƙarin karanta abubuwan da ke cikin allo ta hanyar kira zuwa aikin getPrimaryClip(). Idan an kwafi abun ciki daga allo a cikin aikace-aikacen da aka ƙara a ciki, sanarwar ba ta bayyana ba.
An ƙara izini daban BLUETOOTH_SCAN don bincika na'urorin da ke kusa ta Bluetooth. A baya, an bayar da wannan damar bisa samun damar samun bayanan wurin na'urar, wanda ya haifar da buƙatar bayar da ƙarin izini ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haɗawa da wata na'ura ta Bluetooth.
An sabunta maganganun bada damar samun bayanai game da wurin da na'urar take. Yanzu an ba mai amfani damar don samar da aikace-aikacen tare da bayani game da ainihin wurin ko samar da kusan bayanai kawai, da kuma iyakance ikon zuwa kawai zaman aiki tare da shirin (ƙananan damar shiga lokacin da ke bango). Ana iya canza matakin daidaiton bayanan da aka dawo lokacin zabar wurin kusanta a cikin saitunan, gami da alaƙa da aikace-aikacen mutum ɗaya.
Ana ba masu haɓaka aikace-aikacen zaɓi don musaki faɗakarwar faɗakarwa waɗanda suka mamaye abun ciki. A baya can, ana sarrafa ikon nuna windows masu rufi ta hanyar buƙatar izini don tabbatarwa yayin shigar da aikace-aikacen da ke nuna windows masu mamaye. Babu kayan aikin da ake da su don yin tasiri kan abin da ke ciki daga aikace-aikacen da windows suka zoba. Lokacin amfani da Window#setHideOverlayWindows() kira, duk windows masu mamaye yanzu za a ɓoye su ta atomatik. Misali, ana iya kunna ɓoyewa yayin nuna mahimman bayanai, kamar tabbatar da ciniki.
Ana ba da ƙarin saitunan aikace-aikacen don iyakance ayyukan sanarwa yayin kulle allo. A baya can, kawai kuna da ikon sarrafa ganuwa na sanarwa yayin da allon ke kulle, amma yanzu kuna iya ba da damar tantancewar dole don aiwatar da kowane aiki tare da sanarwa yayin kulle allo. Misali, manhajar saƙon na iya buƙatar ka tantancewa kafin gogewa ko yiwa saƙo alama kamar yadda aka karanta.
Added PackageManager.requestChecksums() API don nema da tabbatar da adadin rajistan aikace-aikacen da aka shigar. Algorithms masu tallafi sun haɗa da SHA256, SHA512 da Tushen Merkle.
Injin gidan yanar gizon WebView yana aiwatar da ikon yin amfani da sifa ta SameSite don sarrafa sarrafa kuki. Ƙimar "SameSite=Lax" tana iyakance kukis ɗin da ake aikawa don buƙatun rukunin yanar gizo, kamar neman hoto ko loda abun ciki ta hanyar iframe daga wani rukunin yanar gizo. A cikin yanayin "SameSite=Strict", Ba a aika kukis don kowane irin buƙatun rukunin yanar gizo, gami da duk hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo masu shigowa daga shafukan waje.
Muna ci gaba da aiki akan bazuwar adiresoshin MAC don kawar da yuwuwar bin diddigin na'urar lokacin da aka haɗa zuwa cibiyar sadarwar mara waya. Aikace-aikace marasa gata suna da iyakataccen damar zuwa adireshin MAC na na'urar kuma kira getHardwareAddress() yanzu ya dawo da ƙima mara kyau.

Ƙananan canje-canje da haɓakawa ga masu haɓaka aikace-aikacen:

Ƙara ikon daidaita abubuwan dubawa zuwa na'urori masu zagaye fuska. Masu haɓakawa yanzu za su iya samun bayanai game da zagaye na allo da daidaita abubuwan mu'amala da ke faɗo a wuraren kusurwa marasa ganuwa. Ta hanyar sabon RoundedCorner API, zaku iya gano sigogi kamar radius da tsakiyar zagaye, kuma ta hanyar Display.getRoundedCorner () da WindowInsets.getRoundedCorner() zaku iya tantance daidaitawar kowane kusurwar allon.
An ƙara sabon API ɗin CompanionDeviceService, wanda dashi zaku iya kunna aikace-aikacen da ke sarrafa na'urorin abokantaka, kamar smartwatches da masu sa ido na motsa jiki. API ɗin yana magance matsalar ƙaddamarwa da haɗa aikace-aikacen da ake buƙata lokacin da na'urar aboki ta bayyana a kusa. Tsarin yana kunna sabis ɗin lokacin da na'ura ke kusa kuma yana aika sanarwa lokacin da na'urar ta katse ko lokacin da na'urar ta shiga ko ta bar iyakar. Aikace-aikace kuma za su iya amfani da sabon bayanan bayanan na'urar abokan hulɗa don ƙarin saita izini don shiga na'ura cikin sauƙi.
Ingantaccen tsarin hasashen iya aiki. Aikace-aikace na iya yanzu neman bayani game da jimillar kayan aikin da aka annabta dangane da afareta, takamaiman hanyar sadarwa mara waya (Wi-Fi SSID), nau'in cibiyar sadarwa da ƙarfin sigina.
An sauƙaƙa aikace-aikacen tasirin gani na gama-gari, kamar ɓarna da murɗa launi, kuma yanzu ana iya amfani da su ta amfani da RenderEffect API zuwa kowane abu na RenderNode ko duk yankin da ake iya gani, gami da cikin sarkar tare da wasu tasirin. Wannan fasalin, alal misali, yana ba ku damar ɓata hoton da aka nuna ta ImageView ba tare da kwafi ba, sarrafawa da maye gurbin bitmap, matsar da waɗannan ayyukan zuwa gefen dandamali. Bugu da ƙari, an gabatar da Window.setBackgroundBlurRadius() API, wanda da shi za ku iya ɓata bangon taga tare da tasirin gilashin sanyi da haskaka zurfin ta hanyar blur sararin da ke kewaye da taga.
Haɗaɗɗen kayan aikin don canza rafukan watsa labaru waɗanda za a iya amfani da su a cikin mahalli tare da aikace-aikacen kyamara wanda ke adana bidiyo a cikin tsarin HEVC, don tabbatar da dacewa tare da aikace-aikacen da ba su goyan bayan wannan tsari. Don irin waɗannan aikace-aikacen, an ƙara aikin transcoding ta atomatik zuwa mafi yawan tsarin AVC.
Ƙara goyon baya ga tsarin hoton AVIF (AV1 Image Format), wanda ke amfani da fasahar matsawa cikin-frame daga tsarin ɓoye bidiyo na AV1. Akwatin don rarraba bayanan da aka matsa a cikin AVIF gaba ɗaya yayi kama da HEIF. AVIF yana goyan bayan hotuna biyu a cikin HDR (High Dynamic Range) da sararin launi mai faɗi-gamut, haka kuma a daidaitaccen kewayon tsauri (SDR).
Haɗin kai OnReceiveContentListener API an gabatar da shi don sakawa da motsa nau'ikan abun ciki mai tsawo (rubutu da aka tsara, hotuna, bidiyo, fayilolin mai jiwuwa, da sauransu) tsakanin aikace-aikacen ta amfani da kafofin bayanai daban-daban, gami da allon allo, madannai, da kuma ja&jibgar dubawa.
An ƙara tasirin amsa mai taɓawa, wanda aka aiwatar ta amfani da injin girgizar da aka gina a cikin wayoyi, mita da ƙarfin girgiza wanda ya dogara da sigogin sautin da ake fitarwa a halin yanzu. Sabon tasirin yana ba ku damar jin sautin jiki kuma ana iya amfani dashi don ƙara ƙarin gaskiyar ga wasanni da shirye-shiryen sauti.
A cikin yanayin nutsewa, wanda aka nuna shirin a cikin cikakken allo tare da ɓoyayyun bangarorin sabis, ana sauƙaƙe kewayawa ta amfani da alamun sarrafawa. Misali, littattafai, bidiyo, da hotuna yanzu ana iya kewayawa tare da motsin motsi guda ɗaya.
A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Mainline, wanda ke ba ku damar sabunta abubuwan tsarin kowane ɗayan ba tare da sabunta tsarin gabaɗaya ba, an shirya sabbin na'urori na tsarin da za a iya sabunta su ban da na'urori 22 da ke cikin Android 11. Sabuntawa suna shafar abubuwan da ba na hardware ba waɗanda ake zazzagewa ta hanyar. Google Play daban daga sabunta firmware na OTA daga masana'anta. Daga cikin sabbin manhajojin da za a iya sabunta ta Google Play ba tare da sabunta manhajar firmware ba akwai ART (Android Runtime) da kuma tsarin sarrafa bidiyo.
An ƙara API zuwa ajin WindowInsets don tantance matsayin nuni na kamara da alamun amfani da makirufo (masu nuni za su iya mamaye sarrafawa a cikin shirye-shiryen da aka tura zuwa cikakken allo, kuma ta hanyar ƙayyadaddun API, aikace-aikacen na iya daidaita yanayin sa).
Don na'urorin da ake sarrafawa a tsakiya, an ƙara wani zaɓi don hana amfani da maɓalli don kashe makirufo da kamara.
Don aikace-aikacen CDM (Companion Device Manager) aikace-aikacen da ke gudana a bango, waɗanda ke sarrafa na'urorin abokantaka kamar agogo mai wayo da na'urorin motsa jiki, yana yiwuwa a ƙaddamar da ayyuka (na gaba).
Maimakon bugu na na'urori masu sawa, Android Wear, tare da Samsung, sun yanke shawarar haɓaka sabon tsarin haɗin gwiwa wanda ya haɗu da damar Android da Tizen.
An faɗaɗa ƙarfin bugu na Android don tsarin infotainment na mota da talabijin masu wayo.

source: budenet.ru

Sakin dandali na wayar hannu Android 12

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