Sakin aikin ToaruOS 1.14 yana samuwa, yana haɓaka tsarin aiki kamar Unix da aka rubuta daga karce tare da kwaya, mai ɗaukar kaya, madaidaicin ɗakin karatu na C, mai sarrafa fakiti, abubuwan sararin sarari mai amfani da ƙirar hoto tare da mai sarrafa taga mai hade. A halin yanzu na ci gaba, ƙarfin tsarin ya isa ya tafiyar da Python 3 da GCC. An rubuta lambar aikin a cikin C kuma an rarraba a ƙarƙashin lasisin BSD. An shirya hoton kai tsaye na girman 14 MB don saukewa, wanda za'a iya gwada shi a cikin QEMU, VMware ko VirtualBox.
An fara aikin ne a cikin 2010 a Jami'ar Illinois kuma da farko an haɓaka shi azaman aikin bincike a fagen ƙirƙirar sabbin mu'amalar hoto mai haɗaka. Tun daga 2012, ci gaban ya canza zuwa tsarin aiki na ToaruOS, wanda aka fara farawa a matsayin aikin ɗalibai, sannan ya girma zuwa sha'awar karshen mako, wanda al'ummar da suka kafa a kusa da aikin suka dauka. A cikin sigar sa na yanzu, tsarin yana sanye da mai sarrafa taga mai hade, yana goyan bayan fayilolin aiwatarwa masu ƙarfi a cikin tsarin ELF, multitasking, zane-zane da tari na cibiyar sadarwa.
Kunshin ya ƙunshi tashar jiragen ruwa na yaren shirye-shiryen Python 3.6, wanda ake amfani da shi wajen haɓaka wasu takamaiman aikace-aikacen hoto na ToaruOS, kamar mai sarrafa fakiti, editan hoto, mai duba PDF, kalkuleta, da wasanni masu sauƙi. Shirye-shiryen ɓangare na uku da aka aika zuwa ToaruOS sun haɗa da Vim, GCC, Binutils, FreeType, MuPDF, SDL, Cairo, Doom, Quake, Super Nintendo emulator, Bochs, da sauransu.
ToaruOS ya dogara ne akan kernel wanda ke amfani da tsarin gine-gine na zamani wanda ya haɗu da tsarin monolithic da kayan aiki don amfani da na'urori masu ɗaukar nauyi, waɗanda ke samar da yawancin direbobin na'ura, kamar direbobin faifai (PATA da ATAPI), EXT2 da ISO9660 tsarin fayil, framebuffer. , maɓallan madannai, mice , katunan cibiyar sadarwa (AMD PCnet FAST, Realtek RTL8139 da Intel PRO/1000), kwakwalwan sauti (Intel AC'97), da kuma VirtualBox add-ons don tsarin baƙi.
Abubuwan da aka samar da kernel sun haɗa da zaren Unix, TTY, tsarin fayil ɗin kama-da-wane, multithreading, IPC, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, multitasking da sauran daidaitattun siffofi. ext2 ana amfani dashi azaman tsarin fayil. Don yin hulɗa tare da kwaya, an samar da aiwatar da pseudo-FS/proc, wanda aka ƙirƙira ta kwatanci tare da Linux.
Tsare-tsare na 2021 sun haɗa da aiki akan gine-ginen 64-bit x86-64 (a yanzu, ana samar da taruka don tsarin x32-bit 86-bit kawai) da goyan bayan tsarin multiprocessor (SMP). Sauran manufofin sun haɗa da haɓaka daidaituwa tare da ƙayyadaddun POSIX a fagen sarrafa sigina da hanyoyin daidaitawa, kawo daidaitaccen ɗakin karatu na C zuwa matakin Newlib, da aiwatar da nasa mai sarrafa harshe na C da kayan aikin haɓakawa.
Har ila yau, aikin yana haɓaka harshensa mai ƙarfi na shirye-shirye, Kuroko, wanda aka tsara don maye gurbin Python lokacin haɓaka kayan aiki da aikace-aikacen al'ada na tsarin. Harshen yana goyan bayan haɗawa da fassarar bytecode, rubutunsa yayi kama da Python (an sanya shi azaman gajeriyar yare na Python tare da bayyanannen ma'anar masu canji) kuma yana da ƙaƙƙarfan aiwatarwa. Mai fassarar bytecode yana ba da mai tara shara kuma yana goyan bayan multithreading ba tare da amfani da kulle duniya ba. Ana iya haɗa mai tarawa da mai fassara a cikin hanyar ƙaramin ɗakin karatu (~ 500KB), haɗe tare da wasu shirye-shirye da kuma zazzagewa ta hanyar C API. Baya ga ToaruOS, ana iya amfani da yaren akan Linux, macOS, Windows kuma ana gudanar da su a cikin masu binciken da ke tallafawa WebAssembly.
Sabuwar sakin ToaruOS ta mayar da hankali kan haɓaka daidaitaccen ɗakin karatu na C da harshen shirye-shirye na Kuroko. Misali, ayyukan lissafin da suka wajaba don daidaitaccen lissafin ma'aunin haske a cikin wasan Quake an ƙara zuwa libc. An inganta ikon yin taya cikin VirtualBox a yanayin EFI. An rage girman hoton iso ta amfani da matsawa hoton faifan rago.
Sabuwar sakin harshen Kuroko 1.1 yana ƙara tallafi don async da jira, aiwatar da multithreading, inganta daidaituwa tare da Python 3, yana goyan bayan ayyuka masu ƙima da yawa, yana faɗaɗa kayan aiki don masu sarrafa rubutu a cikin harshen C, yana ƙara tallafi don nau'in annotations don ayyuka, ƙara da keywords "samarwa" da "samarwa daga", os, dis, fileio, da tsarin lokaci an haɗa su, an aiwatar da sababbin hanyoyin a cikin str, list, dict da bytes, goyon baya ga ƙaddamarwa cikin bytecode an ƙara, lasisin ya kasance. An canza shi zuwa MIT (a baya akwai haɗin MIT da ISC).
source: budenet.ru