Ya daɗe yana kasancewa ingantaccen ra'ayi a cikin HR cewa cin nasara aiki a cikin IT ba shi yiwuwa ba tare da ci gaba da ilimi ba. Wasu gabaɗaya suna ba da shawarar zaɓar ma'aikaci wanda ke da shirye-shiryen horarwa mai ƙarfi ga ma'aikatansa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ɗimbin makarantu na ƙarin ilimin sana'a kuma sun bayyana a fagen IT. Shirye-shiryen ci gaban mutum ɗaya da horar da ma'aikata suna tafe.
Lura da irin waɗannan abubuwan, muna kan "My Circle" nuna kammala darussa a cikin bayanan martaba. Kuma sun gudanar da bincike: sun shirya wani bincike kuma sun tattara martani daga masu amfani da My Circle da Habr 3700 game da kwarewar ilimi:
- A cikin kashi na farko na binciken, mun fahimci yadda kasancewar ilimi mafi girma da ƙarin ilimi ya shafi aiki da aiki, bisa la'akari da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun IT suna samun ƙarin ilimi da kuma a waɗanne wurare, abin da suke samu daga ƙarshe a aikace, da kuma wane ma'auni. suna zabar kwasa-kwasai.
- A kashi na biyu na binciken da za a fito nan gaba kadan, za mu duba cibiyoyin ilimi na karin ilimi da ake da su a kasuwa a yau, mu gano wanne ne ya fi shahara da wanda aka fi nema, da kuma ƙarshe gina su rating.
1. Matsayin asali da ƙarin ilimi a cikin aiki da aiki
85% na kwararru da ke aiki a IT suna da ilimi mafi girma: 70% sun riga sun kammala, 15% har yanzu suna gamawa. A lokaci guda, 60% kawai suna da ilimin da ya shafi IT. Daga cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun waɗanda ba su da ilimi mafi girma, akwai “fasaha” da yawa sau biyu kamar yadda ake da “’yan adam.”
Duk da cewa kashi biyu bisa uku na wadanda aka yi binciken sun yi karatun firamare da ya shafi shirye-shirye, daya ne kawai cikin biyar ya kammala horon tare da masu daukar ma’aikata a nan gaba.
Kuma bai wuce na uku ba cewa horon ilimin ka'idar da ƙwarewar shirye-shirye da aka samu a lokacin wannan karatun ya kasance masu amfani a gare su.
Kamar yadda muke gani, a yau ilimi mafi girma ba ya dace da bukatun kasuwancin aiki a cikin IT: don yawancin ba ya samar da isasshen ka'idar da aiki don jin dadi a cikin ayyukan sana'a.
Wannan kuma shine dalilin da ya sa a yau kusan kowane ƙwararren IT, a cikin ayyukansa na ƙwararru, yana shiga cikin ilimin kansa: tare da taimakon littattafai, bidiyo, shafukan yanar gizo; biyu daga cikin ukun suna ɗaukar ƙarin kwasa-kwasan koyar da sana'a, kuma mafi yawansu suna biyan su; kowane mutum na biyu yana halartar taron karawa juna sani, haduwa, da taro.
Duk da komai, takamaiman ilimi mafi girma na IT yana taimaka wa masu neman aiki su sami aikin yi a cikin 50% na lokuta da ci gaban aiki a cikin 25% na lamuran, manyan makarantun da ba na IT ba suna taimakawa a cikin 35% da 20% na lokuta, bi da bi.
Lokacin yin tambaya game da ko ƙarin ilimi yana taimakawa wajen aiki da aiki, mun tsara shi kamar haka: "Shin samun takaddun shaida ya taimaka muku wajen haɓaka aikinku a cikin kamfani?" Kuma sun gano cewa yana taimakawa kashi 20% wajen neman aiki da kashi 15% a cikin sana'a.
Koyaya, a wani lokaci a cikin binciken mun yi tambayar daban: “Ƙarin darussan ilimi da kuka ɗauka sun taimaka muku samun aiki?” Kuma mun sami lambobi daban-daban: 43% sun amsa cewa makarantar ta taimaka da aikin yi ta wata hanya ko wata (a cikin nau'i na ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don aiki, sake cika fayil ɗin ko sanin kai tsaye tare da ma'aikaci).
Kamar yadda muke iya gani, ilimi mafi girma har yanzu yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙware ƙwararrun IT. Amma ƙarin ilimi ya riga ya zama ɗan takara mai ƙarfi a gare shi, har ma ya zarce ilimi mafi girma, wanda ba ya ƙware don IT.
Yanzu bari mu ga yadda mai aiki ke kallon mafi girma da ƙarin ilimi.
Ya zama cewa kowane ƙwararren IT yana da hannu wajen tantance sabbin ma'aikata lokacin da aka ɗauke su aiki. Kashi 50% daga cikinsu suna sha'awar samun ilimi mai zurfi kuma 45% a cikin ƙarin ilimi. A cikin 10-15% na lokuta, bayani game da ilimin ɗan takara yana tasiri sosai ga yanke shawarar hayar shi.
60% na kwararru a cikin kamfanonin su suna da sashen HR ko ƙwararrun HR daban-daban: a cikin manyan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu kusan koyaushe, a cikin ƙananan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ko na jama'a - a cikin rabin lokuta.
Kamfanonin da ke da HR sun fi kula da ilimin ma'aikatan su. A cikin kashi 45% na lokuta, irin waɗannan kamfanoni da kansu suna ɗaukar matakin ilmantar da ma'aikatansu kuma kawai a cikin kashi 14% na lokuta ba sa taimaka wa ilimi ko kaɗan. Kamfanoni waɗanda ba su da aikin sadaukarwa na HR suna nuna yunƙurin kawai a cikin 17% na lokuta, kuma a cikin 30% na lokuta ba sa taimakawa ta kowace hanya.
Lokacin tsunduma a cikin ilimi na ma'aikata, ma'aikata biya kusan daidai daidai da hankali ga irin Formats kamar events, ilimi darussa da meetups.
2. Me yasa kuke samun ƙarin ilimi?
Idan muka dubi shi gaba ɗaya, to, mafi yawan lokuta suna samun ƙarin ilimi don: ci gaban gabaɗaya - 63%, warware matsalolin yanzu - 47% da samun sabuwar sana'a - 40%. Amma idan ka duba dalla-dalla, za mu ga wasu bambance-bambance a cikin kafa manufa, dangane da ilimin da kake da shi.
Daga cikin kwararrun da ke da ilimin asali na IT, kusan 70% suna karɓar ƙarin ilimi don haɓaka gabaɗaya, 30% don samun sabuwar sana'a, 15% don canza fagen ayyukansu.
Kuma a cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun waɗanda ba ilimin IT ba, 50% don haɓaka gabaɗaya ne, 50% don samun sabuwar sana'a ne, 30% don canza fagen ayyukansu ne.
Har ila yau, akwai bambance-bambance a cikin ma'anar samun ƙarin ilimi, dangane da yanayin aikin gwani na yanzu.
Tare da taimakon ƙarin ilimi, ana magance matsalolin yau da kullum fiye da sauran (50-66%) a cikin gudanarwa da tallace-tallace, da kuma HR, gudanarwa, gwaji da tallafi.
Suna samun sabon sana'a sau da yawa fiye da wasu (50-67%) a cikin abun ciki, gaba-gaba da haɓaka wayar hannu.
Saboda sha'awar gabaɗaya, yawancin mutane (46-48%) suna ɗaukar kwasa-kwasan ci gaban wayar hannu da wasanni.
Don samun ci gaba a wurin aiki, yawancin mutane (30-36%) suna ɗaukar kwasa-kwasan tallace-tallace, gudanarwa da HR.
Mafi yawa (29-31%) ƙwararrun masana a gaba-gaba, haɓaka wasan kwaikwayo da nazarin tallace-tallace don canza fagen ayyukansu.
3. A wadanne fanni ne suke samun ƙarin ilimi?
Yana da ma'ana cewa yawancin ƙwararru suna yin ƙarin ilimi a cikin ƙwarewarsu na yanzu. Koyaya, a zahiri, mutane da yawa suna yin ƙarin ilimi ba kawai a fagen da suke aiki a halin yanzu ba.
Don haka, idan muka kwatanta yawan ƙwararrun ƙwararru a kowane fanni da adadin waɗanda ke gudanar da ilimi a wannan fanni, za mu ga cewa na baya sun ninka na farko yawa.
Don haka, alal misali, idan 24% na masu amsa sun kasance masu ci gaba na baya, to 53% na masu amsa sun shiga cikin ilimin baya. Ga kowane ma'aikacin baya da ke aiki a cikin sana'arsu, akwai mutane 1.2 waɗanda suka yi karatun baya amma a halin yanzu suna aiki a cikin wata sana'a ta daban.
Yana da ban sha'awa don ganin yadda kowane fanni na ilimi ke buƙata ta kowane fanni da zurfi.
Mafi mashahuri, a cikin wannan ma'ana, su ne backend da frontend ci gaba: 20% ko fiye na kwararru daga 9 sauran yankunan lura cewa sun yi karatu a cikin wadannan specializations (haske a kore, rawaya da ja). Gudanarwa ya zo a matsayi na biyu - akwai daidaitaccen kaso na kwararru daga wasu yankuna 6. Gudanarwa yana matsayi na uku - an lura da kwararru daga wasu yankuna 5 a nan.
Ƙwarewar da ba su da ƙarfi a tsakanin sauran wuraren aiki sune HR da tallafi. Gabaɗaya babu wuraren da kashi 20% ko fiye na ƙwararru za su lura cewa sun yi karatu a waɗannan wuraren.
4. Waɗanne cancanta ne ƙarin ilimi ke bayarwa?
Gabaɗaya, a cikin kashi 60% na lokuta darussan ilimi ba su ba da wani sabon cancantar ba. Wannan ba abin mamaki ba ne idan muka tuna cewa manyan dalilai na samun ƙarin ilimi shine ci gaba na gaba ɗaya da magance matsalolin yau da kullum.
Bayan ƙarin ilimi, mafi yawan ƙananan yara (18%), masu horarwa (10%) da tsakiya (7%) sun bayyana. Duk da haka, idan muka duba daki-daki, za mu ga quite manyan bambance-bambance a cikin saye da sababbin cancantar, dangane da yankunan da ayyukan IT kwararru.
Bayan kwasa-kwasan, yawancin ƙananan yara suna bayyana a gaba-gaba da haɓaka wayar hannu (33%), haka kuma a cikin gwaji, tallace-tallace da haɓaka wasan (20-25%).
Mafi yawan adadin masu horarwa suna cikin tallace-tallace (27%) da gaba-gaba (17%).
Yawancin masu tsakiya suna cikin haɓaka wayar hannu (11%) da gudanarwa (11%).
Yawancin jagororin suna cikin ƙira (10%) da HR (10%).
Yawancin manyan manajoji suna cikin tallace-tallace (13%) da gudanarwa (6%).
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa tsofaffi - a cikin adadi mai yawa ko žasa - ba a horar da su a cikin darussan ilimi don kowane ƙwarewa.
5. Kadan game da makarantun ƙarin ilimi
Fiye da rabi sun ɗauki kwasa-kwasai daga makarantar ƙarin ilimi fiye da ɗaya. Mafi mahimmancin ma'auni don zabar kwasa-kwasan sune tsarin koyarwa (74% sun lura da wannan ma'auni) da tsarin horo (54%).
Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, 65% na waɗanda suka ɗauki ƙarin kwasa-kwasan ilimi sun biya su akalla sau ɗaya. Kashi biyu bisa uku na wadanda suka yi kwasa-kwasai da ake biya da kuma kashi daya bisa uku na wadanda suka yi kwasa-kwasan kyauta sun samu takardar shaidar kammala karatun. Yawancin sun yi imanin cewa babban abu don irin wannan takardar shaidar shi ne cewa mai aiki ya gane shi.
Ko da yake mafi rinjaye sun lura cewa makarantar ƙarin ilimi ba ta taimaka musu ta kowace hanya ba tare da neman aiki, 23% na waɗanda suka yi kwasa-kwasan kyauta da 32% na waɗanda suka ɗauki kwasa-kwasan kuɗi sun lura cewa makarantar tana ba da ƙwarewar da suke buƙata don aiki. . Makarantar kuma tana ba da damar ƙara ayyuka a cikin fayil ɗinku ko ma ɗaukar ɗaliban da suka kammala karatunsu kai tsaye.
A kashi na biyu na karatunmu, za mu duba a tsanake a duk makarantun da ake da su na ƙarin ilimi a IT, mu ga wanne cikinsu ya fi wasu wajen taimaka wa waɗanda suka kammala karatunsu a aikin yi da sana’o’i, da gina darajarsu.
PS Wanda ya shiga cikin binciken
Kimanin mutane 3700 ne suka halarci binciken:
- 87% maza, 13% mata, matsakaicin shekaru 27, rabin masu amsa shekaru 23 zuwa 30.
- 26% daga Moscow, 13% daga St. Petersburg, 20% daga biranen da ke da fiye da miliyan daya, 29% daga sauran biranen Rasha.
- 67% masu haɓakawa ne, 8% masu gudanar da tsarin ne, 5% masu gwadawa ne, 4% manajoji ne, 4% manazarta ne, 3% masu ƙira ne.
- 35% na kwararru na tsakiya (tsakiyar), 17% ƙananan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun 17% (babba), 12% manyan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun (jagora), ɗalibai 7%, 4% kowane mai horarwa, matsakaici da manyan manajoji.
- 42% suna aiki a karamin kamfani mai zaman kansa, 34% a babban kamfani mai zaman kansa, 6% a cikin kamfani na jiha, 6% masu zaman kansu ne, 2% suna da kasuwancin kansu, 10% ba su da aikin yi na ɗan lokaci.
source: www.habr.com