A ranar 25 ga Agusta, 1991, bayan watanni biyar na ci gaba, dalibi mai shekaru 21 Linus Torvalds. a cikin rukunin labarai na comp.os.minix game da ƙirƙirar samfurin aiki na sabon tsarin aiki na Linux, wanda aka lura da kammala jigilar bash 1.08 da gcc 1.40. An sanar da sakin farko na jama'a na Linux a ranar 17 ga Satumba. Core yana da girman 62 KB a cikin nau'i mai matsi kuma ya ƙunshi kusan layin 10 dubu 26 na lambar tushe. Kwayar Linux ta zamani tana da layukan lamba sama da miliyan 2010. A cewar wani bincike na XNUMX da Tarayyar Turai ta ba da izini, kimanin farashin haɓaka aikin daga karce mai kama da kwaya na Linux na zamani zai kasance. Dalar Amurka (an yi lissafin lokacin da kernel yana da layin lamba miliyan 13), bisa ga kimanta - .
Kwayar Linux ta sami wahayi daga tsarin aiki na MINIX, wanda Linus bai so ba saboda iyakanceccen lasisi. Daga baya, lokacin da Linux ya zama sanannen aiki, masu son zuciya sun yi ƙoƙari su zargi Linus da yin kwafin wasu ƙananan tsarin MINIX kai tsaye. Andrew Tanenbaum, marubucin MINIX, ya kori harin, wanda ya sanya ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibansa don gudanar da cikakken kwatancen lambar Minix da sigar jama'a na farko na Linux. bincike ya nuna ƙananan matches toshe lamba huɗu kawai saboda buƙatun POSIX da ANSI C.
Tun asali Linus yayi tunanin kiran kernel Freax, daga kalmomin "kyauta", "freak" da X (Unix). Amma kernel ya sami sunan "Linux" godiya ga Ari Lemmke, wanda, bisa ga buƙatar Linus, ya sanya kwaya a kan. jami'a, suna ba da directory tare da tarihin ba "freax" ba, kamar yadda Torvalds ya nema, amma "linux". Abin lura shi ne cewa hamshakin dan kasuwan nan William Della Croce ya yi nasarar yin rijistar alamar kasuwanci ta Linux kuma ya so ya karbo masarautu na tsawon lokaci, amma daga baya ya canza ra’ayinsa kuma ya mayar da duk wani hakki ga alamar kasuwanci ga Linus. An zaɓi mascot na hukuma na Linux kernel, Tux the penguin, sakamakon haka , wanda aka gudanar a shekarar 1996. Sunan Tux yana nufin Torvalds UniX.
Haɓaka haɓakar codebase (yawan layin lambar tushe) na kernel:
- 0.0.1 - Satumba 1991, 10 dubu layin code;
- 1.0.0 - Maris 1994, 176 dubu layin code;
- 1.2.0 - Maris 1995, 311 dubu layin code;
- 2.0.0 - Yuni 1996, 778 dubu layin code;
- 2.2.0 - Janairu 1999, layukan layukan miliyan 1.8;
- 2.4.0 - Janairu 2001, layukan layukan miliyan 3.4;
- 2.6.0 - Disamba 2003, 5.9 miliyan layin code;
- 2.6.28 - Disamba 2008, 10.2 miliyan layin code;
- 2.6.35 - Agusta 2010, 13.4 miliyan layin code;
- 3.0 - Agusta 2011, layukan lamba miliyan 14.6.
- 3.5 - Yuli 2012, layukan lamba miliyan 15.5.
- 3.10 - Yuli 2013, 15.8 miliyan layin code;
- 3.16 - Agusta 2014, 17.5 miliyan layin code;
- 4.1 - Yuni 2015, 19.5 miliyan layin code;
- 4.7 - Yuli 2016, 21.7 miliyan layin code;
- 4.12 - Yuli 2017, 24.1 miliyan layin code;
- 4.18 - Agusta 2018, layukan lamba miliyan 25.3.
- 5.2 - Yuli 2019, layukan lamba miliyan 26.55.
- 5.8 - Agusta 2020, layukan lamba miliyan 28.36.
Babban Ci gaban Ci gaba:
- Linux 0.0.1 - Satumba 1991, saki na farko na jama'a yana goyan bayan i386 CPU kawai kuma yana tashi daga floppy;
- Linux 0.12 - Janairu 1992, lambar ta fara rarraba a ƙarƙashin lasisin GPLv2;
- Linux 0.95 - Maris 1992, ya kara da ikon gudanar da tsarin Window X, aiwatar da tallafi don ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ɓangaren musanyawa.
- Linux 0.96-0.99 - 1992-1993, an fara aiki akan tarawar sadarwar. An gabatar da tsarin fayil na Ext2, an ƙara goyon baya ga tsarin fayil na ELF, an gabatar da direbobi don katunan sauti da masu kula da SCSI, loda na'urorin kernel da tsarin fayil / proc.
- A 1992, an fara rarraba SLS da Yggdrasil. A lokacin rani na 1993, an kafa ayyukan Slackware da Debian.
- Linux 1.0 - Maris 1994, sakin farko a hukumance;
- Linux 1.2 - Maris 1995, wani gagarumin karuwa a yawan direbobi, goyon baya ga Alpha, MIPS da SPARC dandamali, fadada cibiyar sadarwa tari damar, bayyanar fakiti tace, NFS goyon bayan;
- Linux 2.0 - Yuni 1996, goyon bayan tsarin multiprocessor;
- Maris 1997: LKML, Linux kernel developer list aikawasiku an kafa;
- 1998: An ƙaddamar da gungu na tushen Top500 na farko na Linux, wanda ya ƙunshi nodes 68 tare da Alpha CPUs;
- Linux 2.2 - Janairu 1999, ingantaccen ingantaccen tsarin sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ƙarin tallafi ga IPv6, aiwatar da sabon tacewar wuta, gabatar da sabon tsarin sauti;
- Linux 2.4 - Fabrairu 2001, goyon bayan 8-processor tsarin da 64 GB na RAM, Ext3 fayil tsarin, USB goyon bayan, ACPI;
- Linux 2.6 - Disamba 2003, SELinux goyon bayan, atomatik kwaya siga tuning kayan aikin, sysfs, sake tsara tsarin kula da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya;
- A cikin 2005, an gabatar da Xen hypervisor, wanda ya haifar da zamanin haɓakawa;
- A watan Satumba na 2008, an ƙaddamar da farkon fitowar dandamali na Android bisa tushen Linux kernel;
- A cikin Yuli 2011, bayan shekaru 10 na ci gaban reshe na 2.6.x canzawa zuwa lamba 3.x. Adadin abubuwan da ke cikin ma'ajiyar Git ya kai miliyan 2;
- A 2015 shekara saki Linux kernel 4.0. Adadin abubuwan git a cikin ma'ajiyar sun kai miliyan 4;
- A watan Afrilu 2018 na shekara babban ci gaba na abubuwan git miliyan 6 a cikin ma'ajiyar kwaya.
- A cikin Janairu 2019, an kafa reshen kernel . Wurin ajiya ya kai abubuwan git miliyan 6.5.
- Kernel 2020 wanda aka buga a watan Agusta 5.8 mafi girma dangane da adadin canje-canjen duk kernels yayin duk wanzuwar aikin.
source: budenet.ru