A cikin Fabrairu 2019, Yandex ya ƙaddamar da Workshop, sabis don horar da kan layi na masu haɓakawa na gaba, manazarta da sauran ƙwararrun IT. Don yanke shawarar wane darussan da za mu fara ɗauka, abokan aikinmu sun yi nazarin kasuwa tare da sabis na nazari na HeadHunter. Mun dauki bayanan da suka yi amfani da su - kwatankwacin guraben aikin IT sama da dubu 300 a cikin miliyoyi da birane daga 2016 zuwa 2018 - kuma mun shirya bayyani kan kasuwar gaba daya.
Yadda ake buƙatar ƙwararrun ƙwararru a cikin bayanan martaba daban-daban suna canzawa, waɗanne ƙwarewa ya kamata su kasance da farko, a cikin waɗanne yankuna rabon guraben aiki ga masu farawa ya fi girma, menene albashin da za su iya tsammanin - duk ana iya gano wannan daga bita. Ya kamata ya zama da amfani ga waɗanda suke son sanin sana'a a fagen IT.
Kasuwa gaba dayanta
Bukatar kwararrun IT na karuwa; a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, rabon tallace-tallacen aiki a gare su daga duk tallace-tallace akan HeadHunter ya karu da 5,5%. Rabon buɗaɗɗen matsayi don ƙwararrun ƙwararru ba tare da gogewa ba a cikin 2018 shine 9% na duk guraben IT akan kasuwa; a cikin shekaru biyu ya girma da kusan kashi uku. Wadanda suka sami damar samun gindin zama a cikin wannan sana'a, a cikin shekara guda sun koma ƙungiyar da ke da yawan adadin guraben aiki: fiye da rabin duk tallace-tallacen da aka yi a kasuwa ana aika da su ga ƙwararrun ƙwararrun shekaru ɗaya zuwa uku.
A cikin ƙasar gaba ɗaya, matsakaicin albashi na ƙwararren IT a bara shine 92 rubles. Matsakaicin albashi na ƙwararren farko shine 000 rubles.
A cikin fiye da rabin shari'o'in, masu daukan ma'aikata ba sa nuna adadin albashi. Duk da haka, a cikin dukkanin sassan da ake la'akari (ta birni, ƙwarewar da ake buƙata, ƙwarewa) akwai isasshen adadin guraben aiki tare da albashin da aka yi talla, wanda ya ba mu damar yanke shawara game da matakin albashi a kasuwa gaba ɗaya.
Siffofin yanki
Mafi yawan adadin guraben aikin IT, ba shakka, suna cikin Moscow da St. Idan muka auna yawan guraben ayyukan IT da girman kasuwar ma'aikata, mafi yawan "IT" birni na Rasha shine Novosibirsk: a bara akwai kusan 2018 da ke da alaƙa da IT a cikin tallace-tallacen aiki dubu a nan. Moscow da St. Petersburg sun dauki matsayi na biyu da na uku.
Bukatar ƙwararrun IT na haɓaka cikin sauri a Perm: idan aka kwatanta da 2016, rabon guraben IT a cikin kasuwannin gida ya karu da 15%, zuwa 45 a kowace dubu. Moscow ce a matsayi na biyu a fannin girma, kuma Krasnodar yana a matsayi na uku.
Matsayin albashi da rabon guraben aiki don ƙwararrun matakin shiga sun bambanta sosai daga birni zuwa birni. Suna biya mafi yawa a Moscow da St. Petersburg. Kuma yawan buɗaɗɗen matsayi ga masu shigowa a manyan biranen, akasin haka, ya yi ƙasa da na kowane birni na miliyon.
Albashi da buƙatun ƙwarewar aiki a manyan biranen
Aiki a cikin kamfanonin kasashen waje
Kwararrun IT na Rasha suna hayar ba kawai ta cikin gida ba har ma da kamfanonin kasashen waje. Matsakaicin albashi a cikin tallace-tallace na irin wannan guraben ya fi girma - fiye da 220 rubles. Duk da haka, abubuwan da ake buƙata don masu nema sun fi girma: sababbin masu zuwa suna lissafin kashi 000 kawai na irin waɗannan guraben, 3,5% na ƙwararru ne waɗanda ke da ƙwarewar shekaru ɗaya zuwa uku, kuma yawancin tayin ana gabatar da su ga ma'aikatan da ke da gogewa sama da shekaru huɗu.
Yanayin aiki
Ayyukan mai shirya shirye-shirye a cikin babban birnin Rasha shine galibi bisa ofishi ne kuma na yau da kullun. Mafi yawa, kamfanoni suna neman ma'aikata na cikakken lokaci - don daidaitaccen mako na kwana biyar ko jadawalin canji tare da kwanakin al'ada. An ba da aiki mai sassauƙa a cikin kashi 8,5% na tallace-tallacen da aka buga a bara, yayin da aka ba da aikin nesa a cikin 9%.
Ma'aikata masu nisa yawanci suna neman ƙwararrun ma'aikata: fiye da rabin irin waɗannan guraben na ƙwararru ne masu ƙwarewar shekaru huɗu. Rabon guraben aiki don masu farawa kusan sau biyu ƙasa da na IT gabaɗaya: ƙasa da 5%.
Fannoni
Akwai fannoni da yawa a cikin kasuwar IT. Don wannan binciken, mun gano goma sha biyar mafi yawan buƙata kuma mun yi nazarin su kawai. A lokacin da ake tattara saman, an yi mana ja-gora da kanun labarai na tallace-tallace, wato, yadda masu daukar ma’aikata da kansu ke tsara wanda suke nema. A taƙaice magana, wannan ba manyan ƙwarewa ba ne, amma manyan sunayen wuraren buɗe ido.
A tsawon lokacin da aka yi nazari, buƙatar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun IT gabaɗaya ya karu, amma wannan ba gaskiya bane ga duk sana'o'i. Misali, kodayake masu haɓaka Java da PHP suna cikin waɗanda aka fi nema a kasuwa, buƙatun su ya ragu da 21% da 13%, bi da bi, cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata. Rabon tallace-tallace na hayar masu haɓaka iOS sun faɗi da kashi 17%, rabon guraben aiki na masu haɓaka Android shima ya ragu, amma ba sosai ba, da ƙasa da 3%.
Akasin haka, buƙatun sauran ƙwararrun ƙwararru suna haɓaka. Don haka, buƙatar DevOps ya karu da 2016% idan aka kwatanta da 70. Rabon guraben guraben guraben aiki ga masu haɓaka cikakken tari ya ninka sau biyu, kuma ga ƙwararrun kimiyyar bayanai - fiye da ninki biyu. Gaskiya ne, dangane da adadin guraben aiki, waɗannan ƙwarewa sun mamaye wurare na ƙarshe a cikin manyan 15.
Ci gaban gaba-gaba ya fito ne daga bayanan gabaɗaya: akwai ƙarin guraben aiki ga waɗannan ƙwararrun fiye da kowa a cikin IT, kuma buƙatun su yana ƙaruwa kawai - a cikin shekaru biyu ya haɓaka da 19,5%.
Albashi da buƙatun ƙwarewar aiki a fannoni daban-daban
Abubuwan ƙwararrun Novice sun fi dacewa a cikin ilimin kimiyya (nazarin bayanai ko ilmantarwa na 'yan takarar da ƙasa da shekara ɗaya na kwarewar aiki a nan shine kwata sama da ƙasa gabaɗaya. Na gaba ya zo ci gaban PHP da gwaji. Mafi ƙanƙancin kaso na guraben aiki (kasa da 5%) shine na masu farawa a cikin cikakken ci gaban tari da 1C.
Mafi girman matakin albashin da aka bayar a cikin 2018 shine na Java da masu haɓaka Android; a cikin fannonin biyun matsakaicin ya wuce 130 rubles. Na gaba injiniyoyin DevOps da masu haɓaka iOS tare da matsakaicin sama da RUB 000. Daga cikin novice kwararru, iOS developers iya dogara a kan mafi girma lada: a cikin rabin tallace-tallace da aka yi musu alkawarin fiye da 120 rubles. A matsayi na biyu akwai ƙwararrun C++ (RUB 000), kuma a matsayi na uku akwai masu ci gaba (RUB 69).
Daga cikin basirar da masu daukar ma'aikata sukan lissafa a matsayin maɓalli, wanda ya ga mafi girma a cikin buƙata a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata shine ƙwarewa a ɗakin karatu na React na gaba. An sami karuwa mai ban sha'awa ga ƙwararrun ƙwararrun waɗanda za su iya aiki tare da kayan aikin baya - Node.js, Spring da Django. Daga cikin yarukan shirye-shirye, Python ya fi inganta - an fara ambatonsa a cikin manyan ƙwarewa sau ɗaya da rabi sau da yawa.
Don samun hoton wakilin kowane ƙwararren, mun yi nazarin kwatancen aiki kuma mun gano jerin ƙwarewar da masu ɗaukan ma'aikata sukan lissafta su azaman maɓalli. Baya ga waɗanda aka fi amfani da su akai-akai, mun gano ƙwarewa waɗanda buƙatu suka fara girma sosai a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Hoton hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna sakamakon hoton mai haɓakawa na gaba. Ana iya duba wasu ƙwarewa a .
source: www.habr.com