'Yan kalmomi game da "rabo na zinariya" a cikin ma'anar gargajiya
An yi imani da cewa idan an raba kashi zuwa sassa ta yadda ƙaramin sashi yana da alaƙa da babba, kamar yadda mafi girma ya kasance ga dukan ɓangaren, to, irin wannan rabo yana ba da rabo na 1/1,618, wanda Helenawa na d ¯ a, suna aro shi daga tsoffin Masarawa, da ake kira "rabo na zinariya." Kuma yawancin gine-ginen gine-ginen gine-ginen gine-ginen gine-ginen gine-ginen gine-gine, dangantakar da ke tsakanin muhimman abubuwan su - farawa daga dala na Masar da kuma ƙare tare da gine-gine na Le Corbusier - sun dogara ne akan wannan rabo.
Hakanan ya dace da lambobin Fibonacci, karkace wanda ke ba da cikakken kwatancen geometric na wannan rabo.
Haka kuma, ma'auni na jikin mutum (daga tafin ƙafa zuwa cibiya, daga cibiya zuwa kai, daga kai zuwa yatsu na hannun da aka ɗaga), farawa daga madaidaicin rabbai da aka gani a tsakiyar zamanai (mutumin Vitruvian, da dai sauransu). .), kuma yana ƙarewa tare da ma'aunin anthropometric na yawan jama'ar USSR, har yanzu suna kusa da wannan adadin.
Kuma idan muka ƙara da cewa an samu irin wannan adadi a cikin mabanbanta halittu abubuwa: mollusk bawo, da tsari na tsaba a cikin sunflower da a cikin itacen al'ul Cones, shi ne a fili dalilin da ya sa da m lambar da aka fara daga 1,618 da aka ayyana "allahntaka" - ta burbushi iya. Za a iya gano su ko da a cikin nau'in taurari masu jan hankali zuwa Fibonacci karkace!
Yin la’akari da duk misalan da ke sama, za mu iya ɗauka:
- muna mu'amala da gaske "babban bayanai",
- har ma da kima na farko, suna nuna wani takamaiman, idan ba duniya ba, to, rarrabawar “sashe na zinare” da ƙima kusa da shi.
A fannin tattalin arziki
Zane-zane na Lorenz an san su sosai kuma ana amfani da su sosai don hango abubuwan shigar gida. Ana amfani da waɗannan kayan aikin macroeconomic masu ƙarfi tare da bambance-bambance daban-daban da gyare-gyare (decile coefficient, Gini index) a cikin ƙididdiga don kwatanta zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na ƙasashe da halayensu kuma suna iya zama tushen yin manyan yanke shawara na siyasa da kasafin kuɗi a fagen haraji, kula da lafiya. , raya kasa da tsare-tsare da yankuna.
Kuma ko da yake a cikin al'ada na yau da kullum samun kudin shiga da kuma kashe kudi suna da alaka sosai, a cikin Google ba haka lamarin yake ba ... Abin mamaki, kawai na sami damar samun dangantaka tsakanin zane-zane na Lorenz da rarraba kudade daga marubutan Rasha guda biyu (Zan yi godiya. idan wani ya san irin waɗannan ayyuka kamar a cikin sassan Intanet na Rashanci da Ingilishi).
Na farko shi ne kundi na T.M. Bueva. An sadaukar da karatun, musamman, don inganta farashi a gonakin kaji na Mari.
Wani marubuci, V.V. Matokhin (haɗin haɗin gwiwa daga marubutan suna samuwa) yana tuntuɓar lamarin akan sikelin mafi girma. Matokhin, masanin kimiyyar lissafi ta ilimin firamare, yana tsunduma cikin sarrafa kididdigar bayanan da aka yi amfani da su wajen yanke shawarar gudanarwa, da kuma tantance daidaitawa da sarrafa kamfanoni.
An zana ra'ayi da misalai da aka bayar a ƙasa daga ayyukan V. Matokhin da abokan aikinsa (Matokhin, 1995), (Antoniou et al., 2002), (Kryanev, et al., 1998), (Matokhin et al. 2018) . Dangane da haka, ya kamata a kara da cewa kurakurai masu yuwuwa a cikin fassarar ayyukansu mallakin marubucin wadannan layukan ne kawai kuma ba za a iya jingina su ga nassosin ilimi na asali ba.
Daidaiton da ba a zata ba
Nuna a cikin jadawali da ke ƙasa.
1. Rarraba tallafi don gasa na ayyukan kimiyya da fasaha a ƙarƙashin Shirin Jiha "Superconductivity high-zazzabi". (Matokhin, 1995)
Hoto.1. Matsakaicin rabon kuɗi na shekara-shekara don ayyukan a 1988-1994.
Ana nuna mahimman halaye na rarrabawar shekara-shekara a cikin Table 3, inda SN shine adadin kuɗin da aka rarraba na shekara-shekara (a cikin miliyan rubles), kuma N shine adadin ayyukan da aka biya. Yin la'akari da gaskiyar cewa a cikin shekaru da yawa abubuwan sirri na juri na gasar, kasafin kudin gasar har ma da ma'auni na kudi sun canza (kafin gyaran 1991 da kuma bayan), kwanciyar hankali na ainihin masu lankwasa a kan lokaci yana da ban mamaki. Baƙar fata a kan jadawali an yi shi da maki na gwaji.
| 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | ||
| S | 273 | 362 | 432 | 553 | 345 | 353 | 253 | X |
| Sn | 143.1 | 137.6 | 136.9 | 411.2 | 109.4 | 920 | 977 | Y |
Table 3
2. Kwangilar farashi mai alaƙa da tallace-tallace na kaya (Kotlyar, 1989)
Hoto 2
3. Jadawalin jadawalin kuɗin fito na albashi don darajoji
A matsayin misali don gina zane, an ɗauki bayanai daga daftarin aiki "Vedomosti: nawa talakawan albashi na shekara-shekara kowace jiha ya kamata kowane matsayi ya samu" (Suvorov, 2014) ("The Science of Winning").
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Shinkafa 3. Jadawalin daidaiton albashin shekara ta darajoji |
4. Matsakaicin jadawalin aiki na babban manajan Amurka (Mintzberg, 1973)
Hoto 4
Madaidaitan jadawali da aka gabatar sun nuna cewa akwai tsari na gaba ɗaya a cikin ayyukan tattalin arziƙin da suka kwatanta. Idan aka yi la’akari da bambance-bambance masu tsattsauran ra’ayi a cikin ƙayyadaddun ayyukan tattalin arziki, a wurinsa da lokacinsa, yana da yuwuwa cewa kamanni na jadawali yana nufin wasu mahimman yanayi don aiki na tsarin tattalin arziki. Ba in ba haka ba fiye da dubban shekaru na ayyukan tattalin arziki, bisa la'akari da adadi mai yawa na gwaji da kurakurai, batutuwa na wannan aikin sun sami wasu mafi kyawun dabarun rarraba albarkatu. Kuma da hankali suna amfani da shi a cikin ayyukansu na yanzu. Wannan zato yana cikin kyakkyawar yarjejeniya tare da sanannen ƙa'idar Pareto: 20% na ƙoƙarinmu yana samar da 80% na sakamakon. Wani abu makamancin haka yana faruwa a fili a nan. Hotunan da aka bayar suna bayyana wani tsari mai ma'ana, wanda, idan an canza shi zuwa zane na Lorentz, an kwatanta shi da isassun daidaito tare da ma'anar alfa daidai da 2. Tare da wannan ma'anar, zanen Lorenz ya juya zuwa wani yanki na da'irar.
Za mu iya kiran wannan sifa, wanda har yanzu ba shi da tabbataccen suna, tsira. Ta hanyar kwatankwacin rayuwa a cikin daji, rayuwar tsarin tattalin arziƙi yana ƙayyadaddun ta hanyar haɓaka haɓakarsa ga yanayin yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙi da ikon daidaitawa da canje-canje a yanayin kasuwa.
Wannan yana nufin cewa tsarin da rarraba farashin ke kusa da manufa (tare da ma'anar alpha daidai da 2, ko rarraba farashi "a kusa da da'irar") yana da mafi girman damar da za a iya kiyaye shi a halin yanzu. Abin lura ne cewa a wasu lokuta irin wannan rarraba yana ƙayyade mafi girman ribar kasuwancin. Misali, a nan. Ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙima, mafi girman ribar kasuwancin (Bueva, 2002).
Tebur (gutsi)
| Sunan gona, gunduma | Riba (%) | Ƙarƙashin ƙima | |
| 1 | Kamfanin Unitary State p/f "Volzhskaya" gundumar Volzhsky | 13,0 | 0,336 |
| 2 | SPK p/f "Gornomariyskaya" | 11,1 | 0,18 |
| 3 | UMSP s-z "Zvenigovsky" | 33,7 | 0,068 |
| 4 | CJSC "Mariyskoe" Medvedevsky gundumar | 7,5 | 0,195 |
| 5 | JSC "Teplichnoe" Medvedevsky gundumar | 16,3 | 0,107 |
| ... | |||
| 47 | SEC (k-z) "Rassvet" gundumar Sovetsky | 3,2 | 0,303 |
| 48 | NW "Bronevik" Kilemarsky gundumar | 14,2 | 0,117 |
| 49 | SEC Agricultural Academy "Avangard" gundumar Morkinsky | 6,5 | 0,261 |
| 50 | SHA k-z. Petrov Morkinsky gundumar | 22,5 | 0,135 |
Ƙarshe mai amfani
Lokacin tsara kashe kuɗi don kamfanoni da gidaje, yana da amfani don gina layin Lorenz akan su kuma kwatanta shi da madaidaicin. Mafi kusancin zanen ku yana da kyau, mafi kusantar cewa kuna shirin daidai kuma aikinku zai yi nasara. Irin wannan kusancin yana tabbatar da cewa shirye-shiryenku suna kusa da ƙwarewar ayyukan tattalin arziƙin ɗan adam, waɗanda aka adana a cikin irin waɗannan ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin da aka yarda da su kamar ƙa'idar Pareto.
Duk da haka, ana iya ɗauka cewa a nan muna magana ne game da aiki na tsarin tattalin arziki balagagge da aka mayar da hankali kan riba. Idan ba muna magana ne game da haɓaka riba ba, amma, alal misali, game da aikin sabunta kamfani ko haɓaka kasuwar sa ta asali, tsarin rarraba kuɗin ku zai karkata daga da'irar.
A bayyane yake cewa a cikin yanayin farawa tare da takamaiman tattalin arzikinta, zane na Lorenz, wanda ya dace da mafi girman yuwuwar nasara, shima zai karkata daga da'irar. Ana iya hasashen cewa karkatattun tsarin rarraba farashi a cikin da'irar yayi daidai da haɓakar haɗari da raguwar daidaitawar kamfani. Koyaya, ba tare da dogaro da manyan bayanan ƙididdiga akan farawa (duka masu nasara da waɗanda basu yi nasara ba), ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙididdiga masu inganci ba sa yiwuwa.
A cewar wani hasashe, karkatar da tsarin rarraba farashi daga da'irar waje na iya zama sigina na ƙa'idodin gudanarwa da yawa da kuma siginar fatarar kuɗi mai zuwa. Don gwada wannan hasashe, ana kuma buƙatar takamaiman tushe, wanda, kamar yadda yake a cikin masu farawa, da wuya ya wanzu a cikin jama'a.
Maimakon a ƙarshe
Manyan wallafe-wallafen farko kan wannan batu sun koma 1995 (Matokhin, 1995). Kuma ba a san yanayin waɗannan ayyukan ba, duk da kasancewarsu na duniya da kuma sabon amfani da samfura da kayan aikin da masana tattalin arziƙi ke amfani da su a ko'ina, ya kasance a wani ma'ana wani sirri ne ...
source: www.habr.com