A lokacin matakai biyar na farko da aka kwatanta a cikin labarin Mun haɗa nodes masu nisa guda uku tare da hanyar sadarwa mai kama da juna. Ɗaya daga cikinsu yana cikin cibiyar sadarwa ta jiki, sauran biyun kuma suna cikin DC guda biyu.
Wannan bai ɗauki lokaci mai yawa ba, kodayake kowane ɗayan waɗannan nodes an ƙara shi zuwa cibiyar sadarwa ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Amma menene idan kuna buƙatar haɗa ba ɗaya kawai ba, amma duk nodes akan hanyar sadarwar zahiri zuwa cibiyar sadarwar kama-da-wane ta ZeroTier? Wannan aikin ya taso wata rana lokacin da na yi mamaki game da batun tsara hanyar shiga daga hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa zuwa na'ura mai kwakwalwa da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa.
Na yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da hanyar da aka bayyana a sama, amma ba ta da sauri kuma ba ta da sauƙi a ko'ina. Misali, firinta na cibiyar sadarwa - ba za ku iya haɗa shi kawai ba. Mikrotik - ZeroTier baya goyan bayan. Me za a yi? Bayan da aka yi amfani da yawa da kuma nazarin kayan aiki, na zo ga ƙarshe cewa ya zama dole don tsara gadar hanyar sadarwa.
Network gada (kuma gada daga Turanci bridge) na'urar cibiyar sadarwa ce ta mataki na biyu na tsarin OSI, wanda aka ƙera don haɗa sassan (subnets) na cibiyar sadarwar kwamfuta zuwa cibiyar sadarwa guda ɗaya.
Ina so in raba labarin yadda na yi wannan a cikin wannan labarin..
Menene kudin gina gada...
Da farko, ni, a matsayin mai gudanarwa, dole ne in yanke shawarar wane kumburi a cikin hanyar sadarwa zai yi aiki azaman gada. Bayan nazarin zaɓuɓɓukan, na gane cewa yana iya kasancewa kowace na'ura mai kwakwalwa da ke da ikon tsara gada tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa. Yana iya zama kamar na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa - na'ura ko , da kuma uwar garken yau da kullum ko kwamfuta.
Da farko, ba shakka, na yi la'akari da yin amfani da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa tare da OpenWRT a kan jirgin. Amma da aka ba da gaskiyar cewa Mikrotik ɗin da ke yanzu ya dace da ni gaba ɗaya, kodayake baya goyan bayan haɗin kai tare da ZeroTier, kuma da gaske ba na so in karkatar da "raye-raye tare da tambourine," Na yanke shawarar yin amfani da kwamfuta azaman gadar hanyar sadarwa. Wato, Rasberi Pi 3 Model B koyaushe yana haɗa zuwa cibiyar sadarwa ta zahiri da ke gudanar da sabon sigar Raspbian, OS da ke kan Debian Buster.
Don samun damar tsara gada, hanyar sadarwa guda ɗaya wacce wasu ayyuka ba sa amfani da ita dole ne ta kasance a cikin na'urar. A cikin yanayina, an riga an fara amfani da babban Ethernet, don haka na shirya na biyu. Amfani da adaftar USB-Ethernet dangane da chipset RTL8152 daga Realtek don wannan aikin.
Bayan haɗa adaftar zuwa tashar USB kyauta, sabuntawa da sake kunna tsarin:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo rebootNa duba idan tsarin yana ganin adaftar Ethernet na USB:
sudo lsusbBayan nazarin bayanan da aka samu
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0bda:8152 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8152 Fast Ethernet Adapter
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMSC9512/9514 Fast Ethernet Adapter
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMC9514 Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hubNa yi farin cikin lura cewa Na'ura 004 adaftata ce kawai.
Bayan haka, na fayyace wace hanyar sadarwa ce aka sanya wa wannan adaftar:
dmesg | grep 8152[ 2.400424] usb 1-1.3: New USB device found, idVendor=0bda, idProduct=8152, bcdDevice=20.00
[ 6.363837] usbcore: registered new interface driver r8152
[ 6.669986] r8152 1-1.3:1.0 eth1: v1.09.9
[ 8.808282] r8152 1-1.3:1.0 eth1: carrier onYa juya eth1 🙂 Kuma yanzu zan iya daidaita shi da gadar hanyar sadarwa.
Abin da na zahiri yi shi ne bin algorithm da ke ƙasa:
- Shigar da fakitin sarrafa gada na cibiyar sadarwa:
sudo apt-get install bridge-utils - ZeroTier DAYA:
curl -s https://install.zerotier.com | sudo bash - shi zuwa cibiyar sadarwar ZeroTier data kasance:
sudo zerotier-cli join <Network ID> - An aiwatar da umarnin don kashe adireshin IP na ZeroTier da sarrafa hanya:
sudo zerotier-cli set <networkID> allowManaged=0
Na gaba akan mai sarrafa hanyar sadarwar ku:
В networks danna kan daki-daki, samu kuma bi hanyar haɗin yanar gizon v4AssignMode da kuma kashe adiresoshin IP ta atomatik ta hanyar cire alamar akwati Sanya atomatik daga Pool Assignment Pool
Bayan haka, na ba da izinin kumburin da aka haɗa ta hanyar saita sunan da duba akwatunan rajistan Izini и Gada mai aiki. Ban sanya adireshin IP ba.
Sa'an nan kuma ya koma ya kafa gadar cibiyar sadarwa a kan kumburi, wanda ya buɗe fayil ɗin daidaitawa na cibiyar sadarwa don gyara ta hanyar tashar:
sudo nano /etc/network/interfacesA ina na kara wadannan layukan?
auto eth1
allow-hotplug eth1
iface eth1 inet manual
auto br0
allow-hotplug br0
iface br0 inet static
address 192.168.0.10
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1
network 192.168.0.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
dns-nameservers 127.0.0.1
bridge_ports eth1 ztXXXXXXXX
bridge_fd 0
bridge_maxage 0
Inda eth1 - adaftar kebul na Ethernet da aka haɗa wanda ba a sanya adireshin IP ba.
br0 - ana ƙirƙira gadar hanyar sadarwa tare da adireshin IP na dindindin da aka sanya daga kewayon adireshin cibiyar sadarwa ta zahiri.
ztXXXXXX - sunan ZeroTier kama-da-wane dubawa, wanda aka gane ta hanyar umarnin:
sudo ifconfigBayan shigar da bayanin, na ajiye fayil ɗin sanyi kuma na sake loda ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa tare da umarni:
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restartDon duba aikin gadar, na gudanar da umarni:
sudo brctl show A cewar bayanan da aka samu, gadar ta tashi.
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.00e04c360769 no eth1
ztXXXXXXXXBayan haka, na canza zuwa mai kula da hanyar sadarwa don saita hanya.
Me yasa na bi hanyar haɗin yanar gizo a cikin jerin nodes ɗin cibiyar sadarwa? IP aiki cibiyar sadarwa gada. Na gaba, a cikin taga da ya buɗe, danna Hanyoyin sarrafawa. Na je wani sabon shafi, inda kamar yadda Target nuna 0.0.0.0 / 0, kuma kamar yadda Gateway - Adireshin IP na gadar cibiyar sadarwa daga kewayon adireshin cibiyar sadarwar kungiyar, wanda aka ƙayyade a baya. A cikin akwati na 192.168.0.10
Ya tabbatar da bayanan da aka shigar kuma ya fara duba haɗin haɗin yanar gizon na nodes, yana sanya kullin a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa ta jiki da kuma akasin haka.
Shi ke nan!
Duk da haka, ba kamar samfurin da aka ɗauki hotunan kariyar kwamfuta ba, adiresoshin IP na nodes na cibiyar sadarwar kama-da-wane suna daga kewayo ɗaya da adiresoshin IP na nodes a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta jiki. Lokacin ƙaddamar da hanyoyin sadarwa, wannan samfurin yana yiwuwa, babban abu shine cewa ba su zo tare da adiresoshin da uwar garken DHCP ta rarraba ba.
Ba zan yi magana daban ba game da kafa gadar hanyar sadarwa a gefen mai masaukin baki da ke gudana MS Windows da sauran rarraba Linux a cikin wannan labarin - Intanet yana cike da kayan akan wannan batu. Dangane da saitunan da ke gefen mai sarrafa cibiyar sadarwa, sun yi kama da waɗanda aka kwatanta a sama.
Ina so kawai in lura cewa Rasberi PI kasafin kuɗi ne da kayan aiki masu dacewa don haɗa hanyoyin sadarwa tare da ZeroTier, kuma ba kawai azaman mafita ba. Misali, masu fitar da waje za su iya amfani da gadar hanyar sadarwa da aka riga aka tsara bisa Rasberi PI don haɗa cibiyar sadarwar zahiri na abokin ciniki da ake yi wa aiki tare da kama-da-wane bisa ZeroTier.
Bari in kawo karshen wannan bangare na labarin. Ina fatan tambayoyi, amsawa da sharhi - saboda a kan tushensu ne zan gina abubuwan da ke cikin labarin na gaba. A halin yanzu, ina ba da shawarar ku gwada shirya hanyar sadarwar ku ta amfani da mai sarrafa cibiyar sadarwa mai zaman kansa tare da GUI dangane da VDS daga kasuwa RUVDS. Haka kuma, duk sabbin abokan ciniki suna da lokacin gwaji kyauta na kwanaki 3!
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source: www.habr.com