Robotics na ɗaya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa da ci gaban ayyukan makaranta. Ta koyar da yadda ake yin algorithms, gamifies tsarin ilmantarwa, gabatar da yara zuwa shirye-shirye. A wasu makarantu, tun daga aji 1, sun tsunduma cikin ilimin na’ura mai kwakwalwa, suna koyon hada robobi da zana zane-zane. Ta yadda yara za su iya fahimtar mutum-mutumi da shirye-shirye cikin sauƙi, kuma su iya yin zurfafan ilimin lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi a makarantar sakandare, mun fitar da sabon tsarin koyarwa na LEGO Education SPIKE Prime. Za mu gaya muku cikakken bayani game da shi a cikin wannan sakon.
LEGO Education SPIKE Prime an tsara shi don koyar da yara a maki 5-7 a makarantu da da'irar robotics. Saitin yana ba ku damar gina algorithms ta amfani da zane-zane masu gudana kuma ku sha'awar yadda hotuna akan allon ke juya zuwa motsi da ayyuka. Ga 'yan makaranta na zamani, ganuwa da tasirin WOW suna da mahimmanci, kuma SPIKE Prime wata dabara ce da za ta iya jan hankalin yara da shirye-shirye da kuma ainihin ilimin kimiyya.
Saita bayyani
Saitin ya zo a cikin ƙaramin akwatin filastik rawaya da fari. A ƙarƙashin murfin akwai akwatin kwali tare da umarnin farawa da zane na sanya sassa a cikin tire. An tsara saitin don fara aiki da shi cikin sauƙi kuma malami yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarin horo.
An tattara sassan da kansu a cikin jaka tare da lambobi waɗanda suka dace da lambobin tantanin halitta a cikin tire.
Saitin Core ya ƙunshi abubuwan LEGO sama da 500, gami da sababbi.
- Sabbin firam da yawa waɗanda ke rage lokacin yin samfuri kuma suna ba ku damar ƙirƙirar manyan samfura.
- Sabuwar cube 2x4 tare da rami axle Technic. Yana ba ku damar haɗa abubuwa na Technic da tsarin LEGO a cikin aiki ɗaya.
- An sabunta farantin tushe daga kewayon Technic.
- Sabbin kunkuntar ƙafafu waɗanda ke ba da madaidaicin iko da haɓaka haɓakar ƙirar.
- Sabuwar dabaran juyawa a cikin nau'in abin nadi mai goyan baya.
- Sabbin shirye-shiryen waya, ana samunsu cikin launuka masu yawa, suna ba ku damar amintattun igiyoyi.
Bugu da kari ga sassa da kansu, akwai uku Motors a ciki - babban daya da biyu matsakaici, kazalika da uku na'urori masu auna sigina: nisa, launuka da kuma karfi.
Motocin suna haɗa kai tsaye zuwa cibiyar kuma suna da firikwensin juyawa tare da daidaiton digiri 1. An tanadar da wannan fasalin don daidaita aikin injinan ta yadda za su iya motsawa lokaci guda a tsayin daka. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da firikwensin don auna gudu da nisa na samfurin.
Na'urar firikwensin launi yana bambanta har zuwa launuka 8 kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman firikwensin haske. Hakanan yana da firikwensin infrared da aka gina a ciki wanda zai iya karantawa, misali, hasken haske.
Na'urar firikwensin taɓawa yana gane yanayi masu zuwa: danna maɓallin, saki, matsa lamba mai ƙarfi. A wannan yanayin, firikwensin yana ƙayyade ƙarfin matsa lamba a cikin newtons ko a cikin kashi.
Ana amfani da firikwensin IR don tantance nisa daga robot zuwa wani wuri ko don guje wa karo. Mai ikon auna nisa cikin kashi, santimita da inci.
Kuna iya fadada iyawar saitin asali ta amfani da saitin albarkatun, wanda ya ƙunshi sassa 603. Ya haɗa da: ƙarin babban saiti da firikwensin haske, manyan ƙafafun biyu, manyan gear bevel waɗanda ke ba ku damar gina manyan juzu'i.
Hub
Cibiyar tana da gyroscope da aka gina a ciki wanda zai iya ƙayyade matsayinsa a sararin samaniya: daidaitawa, karkatarwa, yi, ganowa, gano gefen daga sama, yanayin fallasa, da dai sauransu. Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tana ba ka damar saukewa da adana har zuwa 20 shirye-shirye. Ana nuna lambar shirin akan allon pixel 5x5, wanda kuma ke nuna hotunan mai amfani da matsayin cibiyar.
Har ila yau a kan cibiya akwai:
- Mai haɗa MicroUSB don cajin baturi ko haɗin PC.
- Maɓallin daidaitawa na Bluetooth wanda ke ba ku damar haɗawa da PC ba tare da waya ba don shirye-shiryen cibiyar.
- 6 tashar jiragen ruwa (AF) don aiwatar da umarni ko karɓar bayanai daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin.
- Maɓallan sarrafa cibiya guda uku.
- Lasifikar da aka gina a ciki.
Software
Software na LEGO Education SPIKE yana samuwa don Windows, Mac OS, Android, iOS da Chromebook kuma ana iya saukewa . Yanayin software ya dogara ne akan yaren shirye-shiryen yara Scratch. Ya ƙunshi jerin umarni, kowannensu akwatin hoto ne na wani nau'i da launi tare da sigogi waɗanda za'a iya canza su da hannu, kamar gudu da nisa na motsi, kusurwar juyawa, da dai sauransu.
A lokaci guda, saitin umarnin da ke da alaƙa da sassa daban-daban na maganin (motoci, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, masu canji, masu aiki, da sauransu) ana haskaka su cikin launuka daban-daban, wanda ke ba ku damar fahimtar da sauri cikin fahimta yadda ake tsara abin da kuke buƙata.
Ko da a cikin aikace-aikacen kanta, ana tattara shirye-shiryen darasi da yawa, da kuma game da umarnin 30 daban-daban don haɗa samfuran.
farko matakai
Bayan ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen da zabar harshe, ana ba da matakan farawa guda uku nan da nan:
1) Shirya cibiyar don nuna murmushi akan allon;
2) Sanin aikin injina da na'urori masu auna firikwensin;
3) Haɗa samfurin Bloch da tsara shi don motsi.
Sanin SPIKE Prime yana farawa da bayanin zaɓuɓɓukan haɗin kai (ta microUSB ko Bluetooth) kuma yana aiki tare da allon pixel.
Da farko kuna buƙatar saita jerin umarni waɗanda yakamata a aiwatar da su bayan an fara shirin, sannan zaɓi takamaiman pixels waɗanda zasu haskaka akan allon hub.
Mataki na biyu ya ƙunshi haɗawa da tsara martanin injiniyoyi zuwa sigina daban-daban daga na'urori masu auna sigina. Misali, zaku iya tsara motar don fara juyawa lokacin da kuka kawo hannunku ko kowane abu kusa da firikwensin nesa.
Don yin wannan, muna ƙirƙirar jerin umarni: idan abu yana kusa da n centimeters zuwa firikwensin, motar ta fara aiki.
Mataki na uku kuma mafi ban sha'awa shi ne harhada robobin ƙuma da tsara shi don tsalle kan umarni. Don yin wannan, da farko kuna buƙatar haɗa robot ɗin kanta daga sassa da injina biyu.
Sai mu fara programming. Don yin wannan, mun saita algorithm mai zuwa: lokacin da aka kunna shirin, "ƙuma" dole ne ya yi tsalle a gaba sau biyu, don haka dole ne motoci biyu suyi cikakken juyawa biyu a lokaci guda. Saita saurin jujjuyawa zuwa kashi 50 don kada robobin ya yi tsalle da yawa.
A wurin fitarwa, mun sami ɗan ƙaramin mutum-mutumi wanda ke tsalle gaba lokacin da shirin ya fara. Kyakkyawan!
Robot ɗin ƙuma ya yi sauri ya yi gaba, ya gano wanda aka kashe na farko, amma wani abu ya faru.
Bayan haka, horarwar ta ƙare, zaku iya ci gaba zuwa ƙarin ayyuka masu rikitarwa: a cikin aikace-aikacen, akwai zane-zane fiye da 60 don sassa daban-daban na saitin (motoci, cibiya, firikwensin, da sauransu). toshe zane za a iya ɗan canza shi ta amfani da sigogi. Hakanan a cikin software akwai yuwuwar ƙirƙirar masu canji da zane-zane na toshe naku.
Ga malamai
Haɗe zuwa saitin ga malamai. Sun haɗa da manhajoji, ayyuka tare da shirye-shiryen mafita, da ayyuka inda babu amsa kuma kuna buƙatar zama mai ƙirƙira wajen warwarewa. Wannan yana ba ku damar farawa da sauri tare da saiti da gina shirye-shiryen horo.
Akwai darussa 4 gabaɗaya akan rukunin yanar gizon. Inventor Squad wani kwas ne na darussan fasaha wanda ke ƙarfafa fahimtar ɗalibai game da tsarin gudanar da ayyukan aiki. Kwasa-kwasan biyu suna da alaƙa da ilimin kwamfuta. "Ƙaddamar da Kasuwanci" yana ba da shirye-shirye na asali da basirar algorithmic, kuma "Na'urori masu amfani" sun gabatar da ka'idodin Intanet na Abubuwa. Kwas na hudu - "Shirye don gasa" - an tsara shi don shirya gasa kuma yana buƙatar duka na asali da na kayan aiki.
Kowane darasi ya ƙunshi daga darussa 5 zuwa 8, wanda ya haɗa da shirye-shiryen hanyoyin da za a iya aiwatar da su a cikin tsarin ilimi don haɓaka ƙwarewar STEAM.
Kwatanta da sauran saiti
LEGO Education SPIKE Prime wani ɓangare ne na layin Robotics na LEGO Education, wanda ya haɗa da saiti na yara masu shekaru daban-daban:
- Bayyana "Mai tsara shirye-shirye" don ilimin makarantun gaba da sakandare.
- WeDo 2.0 don makarantar firamare.
- LEGO Ilimi SPIKE Firayim don Sakandare.
- LEGO MINDSTORMS Ilimi EV3 na makarantar sakandare da daliban shekara ta farko.
Siffofin SPIKE Prime sun haɗu tare da LEGO WeDo 2.0, wanda ke da tallafin Scratch farawa a wannan shekara. Amma sabanin WeD0 2.0, wanda ke ba ku damar kwaikwayi gwaje-gwajen jiki, SPIKE Prime ya fi dacewa da ƙirƙirar mutum-mutumi. An ƙirƙira shi don fara koyan injiniyoyin mutum-mutumi a maki 5-7.
Tare da taimakon wannan bayani, ƴan makaranta a cikin hanyar wasa za su iya ƙware ka'idodin algorithmization, haɓaka ƙwarewar warware matsala, da kuma sanin abubuwan da suka dace na robotics. Bayan SPIKE Prime, zaku iya matsawa zuwa LEGO MINDSTORMS Education EV3, wanda ke da ikon yin aiki tare da MycroPython kuma ya dace da koyan ƙarin hadaddun dabarun robotics da shirye-shirye.
PS Lokacin rubuta wannan labarin, babu mutum-mutumi ko mutum-mutumi ko husky ɗaya da ya sami rauni.
source: www.habr.com