Alexey Naidenov, Luna Nui , kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi kahua kelepona no nā mea lawelawe kelepona ma ka ʻōlelo papahana ʻo Go (Golang). Ua hōʻike pū ʻo Alexey i kona ʻike no ka hoʻolalelale ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i ka paepae ma kekahi o nā ʻoihana telecom nui loa o Asia, nāna i hoʻohana i ka paepae e hoʻolako i nā lawelawe leo leo (VoiceMail) a me Virtual PBX (Cloud PBX).
Alexey Naydenov (ma hope aku - AN): - Aloha kākou! ʻO Alexey Naidenov koʻu inoa. ʻO wau ke alakaʻi o ITooLabs. ʻO ka mea mua, makemake wau e pane i kaʻu hana ma ʻaneʻi a pehea wau i pau ai ma ʻaneʻi.
Inā ʻoe e nānā i ka Bitrix24 Marketplace (ʻāpana "Telephony"), a laila 14 mau noi a me 36 aia ma laila (40%) ʻo mākou:
ʻOi aku ka pololei, ʻo kēia kā mākou mau hoa hana, akā ma hope o kēia mau mea āpau ko mākou kahua (Platform as a Service) - ʻo kā mākou e kūʻai aku ai iā lākou no kahi peni liʻiliʻi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, makemake wau e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia kahua a pehea mākou i hele mai ai i Go.
ʻO nā helu no kā mākou kahua i kēia manawa:
44 mau hoa hana, me MegaFon. ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, makemake mākou e hele i nā huakaʻi, a loaʻa maoli iā mākou i ka 100 miliona mau mea kākau inoa o 44 mau mea hana ma Rusia. No laila, inā loaʻa i kekahi kekahi mau manaʻo ʻoihana, hauʻoli mau mākou e hoʻolohe iā lākou.
- 5000 hui mea hoʻohana.
- 20 ka nui o ka poe kakau inoa. ʻO b000b a pau - hana wale mākou me nā hui.
- 300 kelepona i kēlā me kēia minuke i ka lā.
- 100 miliona mau minuke kelepona i ka makahiki i hala (ua hauʻoli mākou). ʻO kēia me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole i nā kūkākūkā kūloko e kū nei ma kā mākou kahua.
Pehea i hoomaka ai?
Pehea e hoʻomaka ai nā dudes kūpono e hana i kā lākou paepae ponoʻī? Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ua loaʻa iā mākou kahi moʻolelo o ka hoʻomohala "hardcore enterprise", a i ka manawa kūpono loa o ka makahiki no kahi ʻoihana! ʻO ia ka manawa hauʻoli ke hele mai ʻoe i ka mea kūʻai aku a ʻōlelo: "Pono mākou i ʻelua mau kikowaena hou." A ʻo ka mea kūʻai: "ʻAe, ʻaʻohe nīnau! He ʻumi kā mākou i loko o ka pā.
No laila, hana mākou i Oracle, Java, WebSphere, Db2 a me nā mea a pau. No laila, lawe mākou, ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā mea kūʻai aku maikaʻi loa, hoʻohui iā lākou a hoʻāʻo e haʻalele me ia. Ua pāʻani lākou iā lākou iho. He mea hoʻomaka i loko.
Ua hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 2009. Mai ka makahiki 2006, ua pili pono mākou i nā hoʻoholo o ka mea hoʻohana, i kekahi ala a i ʻole. Ua hana mākou i nā PBX maʻamau maʻamau (e like me ka mea i loaʻa iā mākou i kēia manawa ma ke kauoha): nānā mākou, hoʻoholo i ka maikaʻi, a hoʻoholo e hoʻāla i kahi hoʻomaka kūloko.
Lawe iā VMWare. Ma muli o ko mākou hele wāwae ʻana iā mākou iho, pono mākou e haʻalele koke i ka mea kūʻai ʻoluʻolu Storage. Uaʻike mākou i nā mea a pau e pili ana iā lākou: e māheleʻia nā'ōlelo hoʻohiki e 3, a e hoʻonuiʻia ke kumukūʻai i ka 10. No laila, ua hana mākou i DirDB a pēlā aku.
A laila hoʻomaka e ulu. Ua hoʻohui ʻia ka lawelawe pili kālā i kēia, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i ka paepae ke hoʻokō hou. A laila ua neʻe ke kikowaena pili kālā mai MySQL i Mongo. ʻO ka hopena, loaʻa iā mākou kahi hopena hana e hoʻoponopono i nā kelepona āpau e hele ai i laila:
Akā ma kahi o loko, ke wili nei ka huahana kūʻai like - ʻo ka mea nui, nuklea, a mākou i lawe ai. Ma kahi o ka hopena o 2011, ua ʻike mākou no mākou iho ʻo ka bottleneck nui no mākou, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia kēia huahana - e holo mākou i loko. ʻIke mākou i kahi pā i mua o mākou, kahi a mākou i holo ai me ka holo piha, i ka hele ʻana o nā mea kūʻai aku, ua hoʻohui ʻia.
No laila, pono mākou e hana i kekahi mea. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hana nui mākou i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā huahana like ʻole - nā kumu wehe a me nā mea kūʻai aku. ʻAʻole wau e noʻonoʻo i kēia i kēia manawa - ʻaʻole ia ka manaʻo. ʻO ka hāʻule hope loa a mākou i manaʻo ai ʻo ka hana ʻana i kā mākou kahua ponoʻī.
I ka hopena, ua hiki mākou i kēia koho. No ke aha mai? No ka mea, ua hana ʻia nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā huahana open source e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia 10 mau makahiki i hala. ʻAe, inā he 10 makahiki, a ʻoi aku kekahi! Ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ka koho iā mākou: a i ʻole mākou e haʻi aku i ko mākou manaʻo nui o kahi lawelawe kūpono (no nā hoa, nā mea hoʻohana a me mākou iho), a i ʻole mākou e hana i kekahi mea no mākou iho.
Ua hoʻoholo mākou e hana i kahi mea ʻē aʻe!
Nā Koina Pahu
Inā hana ʻoe i kekahi mea no ka manawa lōʻihi (hoʻohana ʻoe i ka huahana a haʻi), a laila e ulu mālie ka manaʻo i kou poʻo: pehea wau e hana ai iaʻu iho? No ka mea he poʻe polokalamu polokalamu mākou a pau i ka hui (koe wale nō nā mea kūʻai aku, ʻaʻohe mea papahana ʻole), ua hoʻokumu ʻia kā mākou mau koi no ka manawa lōʻihi, a maopopo lākou:
- ʻO ka wikiwiki hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka huahana a ka mea kūʻai aku, ka mea i hōʻeha iā mākou, ʻaʻole i kūpono iā mākou i ka mea mua no ka mea ua hana nā mea āpau no ka manawa lōʻihi a me ka mālie. Ua makemake mākou i ka wikiwiki - ua nui nā manaʻo! Nui nā manaʻo, akā, ua like ka papa inoa o nā manaʻo me he ʻumi makahiki ma mua. I kēia manawa no hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō.
- ʻO ka hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hao multi-core. He mea nui nō hoʻi kēia iā mākou, no ka mea, ua ʻike mākou he nui wale nā cores.
- hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kā mākou uē pū kekahi.
- Hoʻomanawanui hewa kiʻekiʻe.
- Ua makemake mākou e hoʻopau i kahi kaʻina hana hoʻokuʻu i kēlā me kēia lā. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono mākou i kahi koho ʻōlelo.
No laila, mai nā koi no ka huahana a mākou i hōʻike ai no mākou iho, e ulu ana nā koi no ka ʻōlelo ma ke ʻano kūpono.
- Inā makemake mākou i ke kākoʻo no nā ʻōnaehana multi-core, pono mākou i ke kākoʻo no ka hoʻokō like.
- Inā makemake mākou i ka wikiwiki hoʻomohala, pono mākou i kahi ʻōlelo e kākoʻo ana i ka hoʻomohala hoʻokūkū, nā polokalamu hoʻokūkū. Inā ʻaʻole i ʻike kekahi i ka ʻokoʻa, a laila maʻalahi loa ia:
- ʻO ka papahana parallel e pili ana i ka holo ʻana o ʻelua mau milo ma luna o nā cores like ʻole;
- ʻO ka hoʻokō like, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kākoʻo concurrency, e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka ʻōlelo (a i ʻole ka wā holo, nā mea a pau) e hūnā i nā paʻakikī āpau e hiki mai ana mai ka hoʻokō like.
- Paʻa kiʻekiʻe. ʻIke loa, pono mākou i kahi hui, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka mea i loaʻa iā mākou ma ka mea kūʻai aku.
ʻAʻole nui kā mākou koho, inā ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo Erlang - aloha mākou a ʻike mākou, ʻo ia kaʻu punahele pilikino. ʻO ka lua, ʻaʻole ʻo Java ʻo Java, akā ʻo Scala. ʻO ke kolu, ʻo ka ʻōlelo a mākou i ʻike ʻole ai i kēlā manawa - Hele. Ua ʻike ʻia i kēlā manawa, ʻoi aku ka pololei, ua noho ʻo ia ma kahi o ʻelua makahiki, ʻaʻole naʻe i hoʻokuʻu ʻia.
Lanakila E hele!
Moolelo no Go
Ua hana mākou i kahi paepae ma luna. E ho'āʻo wau e wehewehe i ke kumu.
He Moolelo Pokole no Go. Hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 2007, wehe ʻia i ka makahiki 2009, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mana mua ma 2012 (ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻomaka mākou e hana ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu mua ʻana). ʻO Google ka mea nāna i hoʻomaka, ka mea i makemake e pani, e like me kaʻu i manaʻo ai, ʻo Java.
Kaulana loa nā mea kākau:
- Ua hana ʻo Ken Thomson, ka mea ma hope o Unix, i ka UTF-8, ma ka ʻōnaehana Plan 9;
- ʻO Rob Pike, nāna i hoʻolālā iā UTF-8 me Ken, ua hana pū ma ka Plan 9, Inferno, Limbo ma Bell Labs;
- ʻO Robert Gizmer, ka mea a mākou i ʻike ai a aloha ai no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka Java HotSpot Compiler a no ka hana ʻana i ka mea hana ma V8 (Google's Javascript interpreter);
- A ʻoi aku ma mua o 700 mau mea kōkua, me kekahi o kā mākou mau pā.
E hele i ka nānā
ʻIke mākou he ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻōlelo a hoʻomaopopo. Loaʻa iā mākou nā ʻano ʻano: i kekahi manawa pono lākou e haʻi ʻia, ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole lākou (ʻo ia hoʻi, ua manaʻo ʻia nā ʻano).
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hale. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia aia iā mākou ka manaʻo o kahi kuhikuhi (kahi o ka asterisk). Hiki ke ʻike ʻia aia ke kākoʻo kūikawā no ka haʻi ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā arrays a me nā arrays associative.
Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo - hiki iā ʻoe ke ola. Ke ho'āʻo nei e kākau Aloha, honua:
He aha kā mākou e ʻike nei? ʻO kēia ka syntax C-like, he koho ka semicolon. Hiki iā ia ke lilo i mea hoʻokaʻawale no nā laina ʻelua, akā inā wale nō kēia mau mea kūkulu ʻelua ma ka laina like.
ʻIke mākou he koho nā brackets i nā hale hoʻomalu (ma ka laina 14th), akā koi mau nā mea curly. ʻIke mākou he paʻa ka paʻi ʻana. Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Tim ma ka hapa nui. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o kēia hiʻohiʻona ma mua o ka Hello maʻamau, honua - e hōʻike wale ana aia kahi waihona.
He aha hou aʻe kā mākou e ʻike ai he mea nui? Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke code i loko o nā pūʻolo. A i mea e hoʻohana ai i ka pōʻai i kāu code ponoʻī, pono ʻoe e hoʻokomo iā ia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kuhikuhi import - he mea nui hoʻi kēia. Hoʻomaka mākou - hana ia. Nui!
E hoʻāʻo kāua i kahi mea paʻakikī: Aloha, honua, akā i kēia manawa he kikowaena http. He aha kā mākou e ʻike ai i ka hoihoi ma ʻaneʻi?
ʻO ka mea mua, hana ka hana ma ke ʻano he parameter. ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka hana i loaʻa iā mākou he "makaainana papa mua" a hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā mea hoihoi me ia i kahi ʻano hana. ʻIke mākou i ka mea i manaʻo ʻole ʻia ma hope aʻe: pili pololei ke kuhikuhi i ka waihona GitHub. Pololei, ʻo ia ke ʻano - ʻoi aku, ʻo ia ke ʻano e hana ʻia ai.
Ma Go, ʻo ka ʻike ākea o kahi pūʻolo ka url o kāna waihona. Aia kahi pono Goget kūikawā e hele ai no nā mea hilinaʻi āpau, hoʻoiho iā lākou, hoʻokomo iā lākou, hōʻuluʻulu iā lākou, a hoʻomākaukau iā lākou no ka hoʻohana inā pono. Ma ka manawa like, ʻike ʻo Goget e pili ana i ka html-meta. No laila, hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i kahi papa kuhikuhi http, kahi e loaʻa ai nā loulou i kāu waihona kikoʻī (e like me mākou, no ka laʻana, hana).
He aha hou aʻe kā mākou e ʻike ai? Http a me Json i ka waihona maʻamau. Aia, maopopo, introspection - noʻonoʻo, pono e hoʻohana ʻia i ka encoding / json, no ka mea, ke hoʻololi wale nei mākou i kekahi mea kūʻokoʻa no ia.
Holo mākou iā ia a ʻike mākou he 20 mau laina o nā code pono e hōʻuluʻulu ai, holo a hāʻawi i ka ukana awelika o kēia manawa o ka mīkini (ma ka mīkini e holo nei).
He aha hou aʻe ka mea nui i hiki iā mākou ke ʻike koke ma aneʻi? Hoʻohui ia i hoʻokahi binary static (buinary). ʻAʻohe mea hilinaʻi o kēia binary, ʻaʻohe hale waihona puke! Hiki ke kope i kekahi ʻōnaehana, holo koke, a e hana.
Ke neʻe nei mākou.
E hele: nā ala a me nā pilina
Loaʻa nā ala hele. Hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻi aku i kahi ala no kēlā me kēia ʻano maʻamau. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole kēia he hale, akā he inoa paha ia o kekahi ʻano. Hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻi i kahi inoa inoa no N32 a kākau i nā ala e hana ai i kahi mea pono.
A ʻo kēia kahi a mākou e hāʻule ai i loko o kahi stupor no ka manawa mua ... Ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻohe papa e like me Go. Hiki i ka poʻe ʻike iā Go ke ʻōlelo he ʻano hoʻohui, akā ʻokoʻa loa kēia. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka mea hoʻomohala e haʻalele i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana he hoʻoilina, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻAʻohe papa ma Go, ʻaʻohe hoʻoilina.
Ninau! He aha ka hui o nā mea kākau i alakaʻi ʻia e Google i hāʻawi mai iā mākou e hōʻike i ka paʻakikī o ka honua? Ua hāʻawi ʻia iā mākou nā interface!
ʻO kahi interface kahi ʻano kūikawā e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kākau i nā ala maʻalahi, nā inoa inoa. Eia kekahi, ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻano i loaʻa ai kēia mau ʻano (e hoʻokō ʻia) e pili pū me kēia interface. 'O ia ho'i, hiki iā 'oe ke kākau i ka hana pili no kekahi 'ano, no kekahi 'ano (e pili ana i kēlā 'ano interface). A laila, e haʻi i kahi loli o ke ʻano o kēia interface a hāʻawi i kekahi o kēia mau mea iā ia.
No nā poʻe paʻakikī, hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo e loaʻa i kēia ʻano ʻelua mau kuhikuhi: hoʻokahi i ka ʻikepili, ʻo kekahi i kahi papa wehewehe kikoʻī e pili ana i kēia ʻano, i ka interface o kēia ʻano. ʻO ia hoʻi, hana ka mea hōʻuluʻulu i nā papa o nā mea wehewehe i ka manawa o ka loulou.
A aia nō, ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā kuhikuhi e hoʻopau ʻia ma Go. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo interface {} (me ʻelua mau pale curly) he mea hoʻololi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kuhikuhi i kekahi mea ma ke kumu.
I kēia manawa, pololei nā mea a pau, ua kama'āina nā mea a pau. ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha.
Hele: goroutines
I kēia manawa ua hele mai mākou i ka mea a mākou e makemake ai: nā kaʻina māmā - goroutines (goroutines) ma Go terminology.
- ʻO ka mea mua, he māmā maoli lākou (emi iho ma mua o 2 Kb).
- ʻO ka lua, he mea ʻole ke kumukūʻai o ka hana ʻana i kahi goroutine: hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i hoʻokahi tausani o lākou i kekona - ʻaʻohe mea e hiki.
- Hāʻawi ʻia lākou e kā lākou mea hoʻonohonoho ponoʻī, e hoʻololi wale i ka mana mai kahi goroutine i kekahi.
- I kēia hihia, hoʻololi ʻia ka mana i nā hihia penei:
- inā loaʻa kahi ʻōlelo hele (inā hoʻomaka ka goroutine i ka goroutine aʻe);
- inā hoʻohana ʻia kahi kelepona hoʻokomo/waho;
- inā hoʻomaka ka ʻohi ʻōpala;
- inā hoʻomaka kekahi hana me nā alahele.
ʻO ia hoʻi, ke holo ʻia kahi polokalamu Go ma ke kamepiula, ʻike ʻo ia i ka helu o nā cores i loko o ka ʻōnaehana, hoʻomaka e like me nā pae e like me ka mea e pono ai (ehia mau cores i loko o ka ʻōnaehana, a i ʻole ka nui āu i haʻi ai iā ia). No laila, e holo ka mea hoʻonohonoho i kēia mau kaula māmā o ka hoʻokō ʻana ma kēia mau pae ʻōnaehana hana i kēlā me kēia kumu.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo kēia ke ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻohana ai i ka hao. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea a mākou i hōʻike ai, hana nui mākou. Hana mākou, no ka laʻana, nā ʻōnaehana DPI e ʻae i ka lawelawe ʻana i 40 gigabits i hoʻokahi ʻāpana (e pili ana i ka mea e hana nei i kēia mau laina).
Ma laila, ma mua o Go, ua hoʻohana mākou i ka hoʻolālā like no kēia kumu: no ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka wahi o ka cache processor, e hoʻemi nui i ka nui o nā hoʻololi ʻokoʻa OS (ʻo ia ka mea e lōʻihi loa). Ke haʻi hou aku nei au: ʻo kēia ke ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻohana ai i ka hao.
ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona 21-laina maʻalahi he laʻana e hana maʻalahi i ka echo-server. I ka manawa like, e hoʻomaopopo he maʻalahi loa ka hana lawelawe, he laina laina. ʻAʻohe kāhea, ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻopilikia a noʻonoʻo ... Heluhelu a kākau wale ʻoe!
I ka manawa like, inā heluhelu ʻoe a kākau, pono ia e poloka - ʻo kēia goroutine e hoʻopili wale ʻia a lawe ʻia e ka mea hoʻonohonoho i ka wā e hiki ai ke hoʻokō. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki i kēia code maʻalahi ke hana ma ke ʻano he kikowaena echo no nā pili e like me ka OS ma kēia mīkini e ʻae.
E hoʻomau koke ʻia ...
Kekahi mau hoʻolaha 🙂
Mahalo no kou noho pū ʻana me mākou. Makemake ʻoe i kā mākou ʻatikala? Makemake ʻoe e ʻike i nā mea hoihoi hou aʻe? E kākoʻo iā mākou ma ke kau ʻana i kahi kauoha a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo ʻana i nā hoaaloha, , he analogue kū hoʻokahi o nā kikowaena hoʻokomo-level, i hana ʻia e mākou no ʻoe: (loaʻa me RAID1 a me RAID10, a hiki i 24 cores a hiki i 40GB DDR4).
ʻO Dell R730xd 2 mau manawa maʻalahi ma Equinix Tier IV kikowaena data ma Amsterdam? Eia wale nō ma Netherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - mai $99! Heluhelu e pili ana
Source: www.habr.com