Manaʻo wau e hele mākou a pau i kahi hale ʻaina me nā hoaaloha a i ʻole nā hoahana. A ma hope o ka manawa leʻaleʻa, lawe mai ka mea lawelawe i ka haki. Hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka pilikia ma nā ʻano he nui:
- ʻO ke ala hoʻokahi, "gentlemanly". Hoʻohui ʻia ka 10-15% "tip" i ka waiter i ka helu helu, a ua puʻunaue like ʻia ka hopena i nā kāne a pau.
- ʻO ke ala ʻelua he "socialist". Hoʻokaʻawale like ʻia ka haki i waena o nā mea a pau, me ka nānā ʻole i ka nui o kā lākou ʻai a inu ʻana.
- ʻO ke kolu o ke ʻano he "kūpono". Huli ka poʻe a pau i ka calculator ma kā lākou kelepona a hoʻomaka e helu i ke kumukūʻai o kā lākou mau kīʻaha a me ka nui o ka "tip", ʻo kēlā me kēia.
Ua like loa ke kūlana hale ʻaina me ke kūlana me nā koina IT ma nā ʻoihana. Ma kēia pou e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka puʻunaue ʻana o nā lilo ma waena o nā keʻena.
Akā ma mua o ka luʻu ʻana i ka hohonu o IT, e hoʻi kākou i ka laʻana hale ʻaina. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o nā ʻano o ka "hoʻokaʻawale kumukūʻai" i nā pono a me nā pōʻino. ʻO ka hemahema o ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua: hiki i kekahi ke ʻai i ka salakeke Kaisara meaʻai me ka moa ʻole, a hiki i kekahi ke ʻai i ka steak ribeye, no laila hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka nui. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o ke ʻano "kūpono" ʻo ia ka lōʻihi o ka helu ʻana, a ʻo ka nui o ke kālā e emi mau ana ma mua o ka mea i loko o ka helu. Kūlana maʻamau?
I kēia manawa, e noʻonoʻo kākou e leʻaleʻa ana mākou i kahi hale ʻaina ma Kina, a ua lawe ʻia mai ka ʻeke ma ka ʻōlelo Pākē. ʻO nā mea a pau i maopopo i laila ka nui. ʻOiai manaʻo paha kekahi ʻaʻole kēia ka nui, akā ʻo ka lā o kēia manawa. A i ʻole, e manaʻo paha kēia i ka ʻIseraʻela. Heluhelu lākou mai ka ʻākau a hema, akā pehea lākou e kākau ai i nā helu? ʻO wai ka mea hiki ke pane me ka ʻole o Google?
No ke aha e pono ai ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana no ka IT a me ka ʻoihana?
No laila, hāʻawi ka ʻoihana IT i nā lawelawe i nā māhele āpau o ka hui, a kūʻai maoli aku i kāna mau lawelawe i nā māhele ʻoihana. A, ʻoiai ʻaʻole paha he pilina pili kālā ma waena o nā keʻena i loko o kahi ʻoihana, pono i kēlā me kēia ʻoihana ʻoihana e hoʻomaopopo liʻiliʻi i ka nui o kāna lilo ma IT, pehea ke kumukūʻai no ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā huahana hou, hoʻāʻo i nā hana hou, etc. ʻIke ʻia ʻaʻole uku ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻoihana e ka "modernizer, kahu o nā mea hoʻohui pūnaewele a me nā mea hana hana," akā ma ka ʻoihana, pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka pono o kēia mau kumukūʻai.
ʻOkoʻa nā ʻāpana ʻoihana i ka nui a me ka ikaika o kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai IT. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kumukūʻai no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻenehana IT ma waena o nā keʻena ʻo ia ke ala ʻelua me kāna mau hemahema. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano "kūpono" i kēia hihia, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hana. ʻO ka koho maikaʻi loa e like me ke koho "quasi-fair", ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kumukūʻai ʻaʻole i ka peni, akā me ka pololei kūpono, e like me ka geometry kula e hoʻohana mākou i ka helu π e like me 3,14, ʻaʻole ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa o nā helu. ma hope o ka helu decimal.
ʻO ka manaʻo ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o nā lawelawe IT he mea maikaʻi loa ia i nā paʻa me kahi ʻōnaehana IT hoʻokahi ke hoʻohui a hoʻokaʻawale paha i kahi ʻāpana o ka paʻa ʻana i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻAe kēia iā ʻoe e helu koke i ke kumukūʻai o nā lawelawe IT i mea e lawe ai i kēia mau helu i ka wā e hoʻolālā ai. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o nā lawelawe IT e kōkua i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā koho like ʻole no ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai IT. I ka wā e kamaʻilio ai nā kāne i ka nui o nā kaukani kālā e pili ana i ka hiki i kā lākou huahana ke hoʻonui i nā kumukūʻai IT, e hoʻonui i nā mea e pono e hoʻonui ʻia, a e hōʻemi i nā mea e pono e hoʻemi ʻia, ʻo ka loiloi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai o nā lawelawe IT e hiki ai i ka CIO ke hilinaʻi makapō i nā ʻōlelo hoʻohiki. , akā e loiloi pono i ka hopena i manaʻo ʻia a mālama i nā hopena.
No ka ʻoihana, ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana he manawa kūpono e hoʻomaopopo i ke kumukūʻai o nā lawelawe IT ma mua. ʻAʻole helu ʻia nā koi ʻoihana e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka waihona kālā IT holoʻokoʻa e ka hapa nui, akā ua hoʻoholo ʻia ʻo ia ka nui no kahi koi a lawelawe paha.
Ka hihia maoli
ʻO ke kī "ʻeha" o ka CIO o kahi hui nui he mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka puʻunaue ʻana i nā kumukūʻai ma waena o nā ʻoihana ʻoihana a hāʻawi i ke komo ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka IT e like me ka ʻai.
Ma ke ʻano he hopena, ua hoʻomohala mākou i kahi helu helu lawelawe IT i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka nui o nā kumukūʻai IT ma mua i nā lawelawe IT a laila i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana.
ʻElua mau hana: e helu i ke kumukūʻai o kahi lawelawe IT a puʻunaue i nā kumukūʻai ma waena o nā ʻoihana ʻoihana e hoʻohana ana i kēia lawelawe e like me kekahi o nā mea hoʻokele (he ʻano "quasi-fair").
I ka nānā muaʻana, he mea maʻalahi paha kēia inā, mai ka hoʻomakaʻana, ua wehewehe ponoʻia nā lawelawe IT, ua hoʻokomoʻia kaʻike i loko o ka waihona hoʻonohonoho CMDB a me ka IT IT asset management system ITAM, nā kumu waiwai a me nā lawelawe lawelawe a ua kūkuluʻia kahi papa inoa o nā lawelawe IT. kūkulu ʻia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kēia hihia, no kēlā me kēia lawelawe IT hiki ke hoʻoholo i nā kumuwaiwai e hoʻohana ai a me ka nui o kēia mau kumu waiwai, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka depreciation. Akā ke hana nei mākou i nā ʻoihana Lūkini maʻamau, a ke kau nei kēia i kekahi mau palena. No laila, ʻaʻohe CMDB a me ITAM, aia kahi papa inoa o nā lawelawe IT. ʻO kēlā me kēia lawelawe IT e hōʻike maʻamau i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻike, loaʻa iā ia, kākoʻo mea hoʻohana, etc. Hoʻohana ka lawelawe IT i nā lawelawe ʻoihana e like me "DB Server", "Application Server", "Data Storage System", "Data Network", etc. No laila, e hoʻoponopono i nā hana i hāʻawi ʻia e pono ai:
- hoʻoholo i ke kumukūʻai o nā lawelawe ʻoihana;
- e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kumukūʻai o nā lawelawe ʻoihana i nā lawelawe IT a helu i kā lākou kumukūʻai;
- e hoʻoholo i nā mea hoʻokele (coefficients) no ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o nā lawelawe IT i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana a hoʻokaʻawale i ke kumukūʻai o nā lawelawe IT i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana, a laila e puʻunaue i ka nui o nā kumukūʻai o ka ʻoihana IT ma waena o nā māhele ʻē aʻe o ka hui.
Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā koina IT makahiki āpau ma ke ʻano he ʻeke kālā. ʻO kekahi o kēia ʻeke i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hana, ka hana neʻe ʻana, ka hana hou, nā laikini, kākoʻo, nā uku limahana, etc. Eia nō naʻe, aia ka paʻakikī i ke kaʻina moʻohelu kālā no ka helu ʻana i nā waiwai paʻa a me nā waiwai intangible ma IT.
E lawe i kekahi laʻana o kahi papahana e hoʻololi i ka ʻōnaehana SAP. Ma keʻano he māhele o ka papahana, kūʻaiʻia nā mea hana a me nā laikini, a ua hanaʻia ka hana me ke kōkua o kahi mea hoʻohui pūnaewele. I ka wā e pani ai i kahi papahana, pono ka luna e kākau i nā pepa i mea e hoʻokomo ʻia ai nā lako moʻohelu kālā i nā waiwai paʻa, hoʻokomo ʻia nā laikini i loko o nā waiwai intangible, a ua kākau ʻia nā hana hoʻolālā a me nā hana hoʻolālā e like me nā lilo i hoʻopaneʻe ʻia. ʻO ka pilikia helu hoʻokahi: i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa inoa ai ma ke ʻano he waiwai paʻa, ʻaʻole mālama ka mea kūʻai aku i ka mea e kapa ʻia ai. No laila, ma nā waiwai paʻa e loaʻa iā mākou ka waiwai "UpgradeSAPandMigration". Inā, ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka papahana, ua hoʻololi hou ʻia kahi ʻāpana disk, ʻaʻohe mea pili me SAP, hoʻopili hou kēia i ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kumukūʻai a me ka hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻana. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke hūnā ʻia nā mea hana ma hope o ka waiwai "UpgradeSAPandMigration", a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka mea i kūʻai maoli ʻia ma laila.
Hoʻohana like ʻia i nā waiwai intangible, nona ka ʻano helu helu paʻakikī. Hoʻohui ʻia kahi paʻakikī hou e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka manawa o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā mea hana a kau ʻia ma ka waihona kaulike e ʻokoʻa paha ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka depreciation he 5 mau makahiki, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki ke hana a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea hana, e pili ana i nā kūlana.
No laila, hiki ke helu i ke kumukūʻai o nā lawelawe IT me ka 100% pololei, akā i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana he hana lōʻihi kēia. No laila, ua koho mākou i kahi ala maʻalahi: ʻo nā kumukūʻai hiki ke maʻalahi i nā ʻōnaehana a i ʻole lawelawe IT e pili pono i ka lawelawe pili. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā koina i koe ma waena o nā lawelawe IT e like me kekahi mau lula. E ʻae kēia iā ʻoe e kiʻi i ka pololei ma kahi o 85%, ʻo ia ka lawa.
I ke kahua mua No ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai no nā lawelawe ʻoihana, hoʻohana ʻia nā hōʻike kālā a me ka moʻohelu kālā no nā papahana IT a me ka "sound voluntarism" i nā hihia kahi hiki ʻole ke hoʻopili i nā kumukūʻai i kekahi lawelawe ʻoihana. Hoʻokaʻawale pololei ʻia nā kumukūʻai i nā lawelawe IT a i ʻole nā lawelawe ʻoihana. Ma muli o ka māhele ʻana i nā koina makahiki, loaʻa iā mākou ka nui o nā lilo no kēlā me kēia lawelawe ʻoihana.
I ka pae ʻelua Hoʻoholo ʻia nā coefficients mahele ma waena o nā lawelawe IT no nā lawelawe ʻoihana e like me "Server Application", "Database Server", "Data Storage", etc. ʻO kekahi mau lawelawe ʻoihana, no ka laʻana, "Workplaces", "Wi-Fi access", "Video conferencing" ʻaʻole i māhele ʻia ma waena o nā lawelawe IT a ua hoʻokaʻawale pololei ʻia i nā ʻoihana ʻoihana.
Ma kēia pae e hoʻomaka ai ka leʻaleʻa. Ma ke ʻano he laʻana, e noʻonoʻo i kahi lawelawe ʻoihana e like me "Nā Mea Pūnaewele". Aia ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia lawelawe IT, i ʻelua mau hale kiʻi, me ka virtualization a me ka ʻole, me ka ʻole o ka redundancy. ʻO ke ala maʻalahi ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kumukūʻai e like me nā cores i hoʻohana ʻia. I mea e helu ai i nā "parrots like" a ʻaʻole e huikau i nā cores kino me nā mea virtual, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka oversubscription, manaʻo mākou ua like kekahi kino kino me ʻekolu mau mea virtual. A laila e like ke ʻano o ke kumu kūʻai no ka lawelawe ʻoihana "Application Server" no kēlā me kēia lawelawe IT:
,
kahi ʻo Rsp ka huina kālā o ka lawelawe ʻoihana "Application Servers", a ʻo Kx86 a me Kr nā coefficients e hōʻike ana i ka mahele o nā kikowaena x86 a me P-series.
Hoʻoholo ʻia nā coefficient e pili ana i ka loiloi o ka ʻōnaehana IT. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā polokalamu cluster, nā polokalamu virtualization, nā ʻōnaehana hana a me nā polokalamu noi i helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he lawelawe ʻoihana kaʻawale.
E lawe kākou i kekahi laʻana paʻakikī. ʻO ka lawelawe ʻoihana "Database Servers". Loaʻa iā ia nā koina o nā lako lako a me nā koina o nā laikini waihona. No laila, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ke kumukūʻai o nā lako a me nā laikini ma ke ʻano:
ʻo РHW a me РLIC ka huina kālā o nā lako a me ka huina kālā o nā laikini waihona, a ʻo KHW a me KLIC nā coefficient empirical e hoʻoholo ai i ka mahele o nā kumukūʻai no nā lako a me nā laikini.
Eia kekahi, me ka lakohana ua like ia me ka laʻana mua, akā me nā laikini ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kūlana. Hiki i ka ʻāina o kahi hui ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano ʻikepili like ʻole, e like me Oracle, MSSQL, Postgres, etc. No laila, ʻo ke kumu no ka helu ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi waihona kikoʻī, no ka laʻana, MSSQL, i kahi lawelawe kikoʻī e like me kēia:
kahi ʻo KMSSQL he coefficient e hoʻoholo i ka māhele o kēia waihona ma ka ʻāina IT o ka hui.
ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kūlana me ka helu ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kahi ʻōnaehana mālama ʻikepili me nā mea hana hoʻonohonoho like ʻole a me nā ʻano disks like ʻole. Akā ʻo ka wehewehe ʻana o kēia ʻāpana he kumuhana no kahi pou kaʻawale.
He aha ka hopena?
ʻO ka hopena o kēia hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana paha he calculator Excel a i ʻole kahi mea hana automation. Aia nā mea a pau i ke kūlana makua o ka ʻoihana, nā kaʻina hana i hoʻokumu ʻia, nā hoʻonā i hoʻokō ʻia a me ka makemake o ka hoʻokele. ʻO ia calculator a i ʻole kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻike o ka ʻikepili e kōkua i ka puʻunaue pono ʻana i nā kumukūʻai ma waena o nā ʻoihana ʻoihana a hōʻike i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka waihona kālā IT. Hiki i ka mea hana like ke hōʻike maʻalahi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hilinaʻi o kahi lawelawe (redundancy) e hoʻonui ai i kona kumukūʻai, ʻaʻole ma ke kumukūʻai o ke kikowaena, akā e noʻonoʻo ana i nā koina pili. ʻAe kēia i ka ʻoihana a me CIO e "pāʻani ma ka papa hoʻokahi" e nā lula like. I ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā huahana hou, hiki ke helu mua ʻia nā kumukūʻai a loiloi ʻia ka hiki.
ʻO Igor Tyukachev, ke kūkākūkā ma Jet Infosystems
Source: www.habr.com