hui Kaleponi ampere ua hoʻolauna mua i ka ʻoihana 80-core ARM server processor ma muli o 64-bit architecture ʻO Ampere Altra.

No kekahi mau makahiki i kēia manawa, ua wānana ka poʻe loea e hoʻokūkū ka platform ARM me x86 i nā kikowaena data, akā ʻaʻole hiki kēia. I ka hopena o 2019 ma laila Ua lanakila ʻo Intel me ka hapa o 95,5%, Aia ka AMD i ka 4,5%.

Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea hana hou ARM ma ka SPECrate 2017 integer benchmark e hōʻike ana i ka hana kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka wikiwiki 64-core AMD EPYC a i ʻole ka 28-core Xeon kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻohana Cascade Lake. He ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi kēia (ʻoiai he "wili" liʻiliʻi nā hopena benchmark, ʻike ma lalo).

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o ka ARM ka ikaika o ka ikehu, ma ka wehewehe ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia e nā mea hana x86 ma muli o ka hoʻolālā. ʻO ka 80-core Ampere Altra he TDP o 45-210 W a me ka wikiwiki o ka uaki o 3 GHz.

Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ʻo Ampere i hoʻokahi kaula i kēlā me kēia kumu ma mua o ʻelua alakaʻi i ka palekana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia hoʻolālā i ka pale ʻana i nā cores mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao e like me Meltdown a me Specter.

Hoʻolālā ʻia ke kaʻina hana no nā noi kikowaena e like me ka analytics data, artificial intelligence, databases, storage, telecom stacks, edge computing, web hosting and cloud applications. Maikaʻi no nā noi aʻo mīkini, ua hoʻokō ʻia ke kākoʻo ʻenehana no FP16 (helu hapa hapa) a me INT8 (hoʻokahi-byte integer representation). Aia pū kekahi me ka wikiwiki o ka mīkini no ka hashing AES a me SHA-256.

Hana ʻia nā chips ma ka mea kanu TSMC me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana hana 7 nm. Ua hoʻouna mua ʻia nā laʻana CPU mua i nā mea kūʻai aku, a ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka hana nui e hoʻomaka i ka waena o 2020.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Ampere CEO a me Intel Pelekikena mua ʻo Renée James i ka Ampere Computing i ʻOkakopa 2017 ma ke kumu o ka banekorupa Applied Micro Circuits Corporation (1979-2017), nāna i hoʻolālā i nā kaʻina kikowaena ARM. ʻO ka mea kūikawā, i ka makahiki 2011 ua hoʻokomo i ka 64-bit X-Gene platform e pili ana i ARMv8-A.

I kēia manawa, hui pū ʻo James i nā kūlana o ka Luna Nui a me ka Luna Hoʻokele o ka Papa Hoʻokele o Ampere Computing me ke kūlana o ka Hope Pelekikena o ka National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee, nāna e aʻo i ka Pelekikena o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

Manaʻo wau i ka holomua o ka hoʻāʻo hou e lawe mai i nā mea hana ARM i ka mākeke kikowaena.

"Ua hoʻokuʻu mākou i ka mea hana me ka helu kiʻekiʻe o nā cores ma ka mākeke," e'ōlelo ana James. “I kēia manawa ua hoʻouna mākou iā ia [no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana] i kekahi o nā mea hoʻolako ao nui loa i ka ʻoihana... Manaʻo wau e kāhāhā nā kānaka. Hoʻololi mau ʻia [nā ʻenehana mua] e kekahi mea hou. A inā ʻaʻole mai kahi hui e kū nei, a laila mai kahi ʻoihana hou. He mea hauʻoli loa ka hana ʻana i ka mea aʻu i ʻike ai i ka pae aʻe o ka ʻoihana."

Nui nā kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka 64-bit ARM server chips i nā makahiki i hala, i ka wā i hoʻāʻo ai ʻo AMD a me ka Applied Micro i ʻōlelo ʻia e hana i nā kaʻina hana like. Akā, ua hāʻule kēia mau hui. Ua pani ʻo AMD i kāna papahana ARM, a me nā waiwai o Applied Micro ua kuaiia Hui Macom. I ka makahiki 2017, ua kūʻai aku ʻo Carlyle Group i kāna mahele kaʻina hana ARM. Ua pani ʻia ka ʻaelike ma ka hopena o 2019, a ua lilo ʻo James i Luna Nui o ka hui hou, e waiho ana i kona kūlana COO ma ka Carlyle Group.

ʻElua kahua kikowaena Ampere: Mt. ʻO Jade a me Mt. hau

ʻO Ampere Altra's single-threaded cores and the dense, energy-efficient servers "hiki ke kūkulu ʻia ma luna o ia mau CPUs e hiki ai i nā mea kūʻai ke "hoʻonui i ka nui o nā lawelawe i hiki iā lākou ke kau i ke ao," wahi a ka hui.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana Ampere Altra ma ka paepae ARM Neoverse N1. Ua loaʻa nā manaʻo maikaʻi i nā kikowaena hou mai nā mea ʻenekinia ma Microsoft Azure, Oracle, Canonical, VMware, Kinvolk, Packet, Lenovo, Gigabyte, Wiwynn a me Micron, nā mea a pau i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.

Mea lawelawe Mt. ʻO Jade no nā mea hana ʻelua (160 cores): ʻikepili ʻikepili, waihona, pūnaewele

Wahi a ka hui, ua mākaukau ka polokalamu e hana pū me Ampere Altra: "ʻO ka mea nui loa i kēia manawa inā ʻoe e nānā i nā papa āpau, ka papa OS, nā mea āpau mai Linux a BSD a hiki i Windows ke kākoʻo a pau iā ARM," wahi a Jeff Wittich Wittich, Hope Pelekikena Nui o nā huahana ma Ampere. - No ka virtualization, loaʻa iā mākou ke kākoʻo no Kubernetes, Docker, VMware a me KBM. Kākoʻo ʻia nā mea a pau ma laila. Ma ka pae noi, ua hana nā mea a pau i ke ao i kēia lā.

Mea lawelawe Mt. ʻO ka hau ma hoʻokahi kaʻina hana: ka helu ʻaoʻao, nā lawelawe kelepona, pūnaewele, mālama ʻikepili

Nā kikowaena

• Pūnaehana ʻōnaehana
  • 80 ARM v8.2+ 64-bit cores i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hiki i 3,0 GHz me Sustained Turbo, hoʻohui i kekahi mau hoʻomaikaʻi mai ARM v8.3 a me v8.4
  • 1 KB L64 I-cache, 1 KB L64 D-cache no kēlā me kēia kumu, 2 MB L1 cache no kēlā me kēia kumu, 32 MB kaʻana like ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana pae huna (SLC)
  • Kānāwai aʻo ʻelua-ākea (128-bit) SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data).
  • ʻO nā pilina pili i loko o kahi pūnaewele mesh
• Pūnaehana hoʻomanaʻo
  • 8x 72-bit DDR4-3200 nā kaha
  • ECC, ECC ma muli o ka hōʻailona, ​​DDR4 RAS
  • A hiki i 16 DIMM a me 4 TB no ke kumu
• Pūnaehana waiwai
  • ʻO ka hoʻokolo ʻana i ka hoʻopau piha (GICv3)
  • ʻIkepili I/O piha (SMMUv3)
  • ʻO ka papa kikowaena ʻoihana RAS (Reliability, Availability, Serviceability) hilinaʻi
• Pūnaewele
  • 128 PCIe Gen4 mau ala
    • 8 x8 PCIe + 4 x16 PCIe/CCIX me ke kākoʻo no Extended Speed ​​​​Mode (ESM) no ka hoʻoili ʻikepili ma 20/25 GT/s (gigatransactions per second)
    • 48 mau mea hoʻoponopono e kākoʻo a hiki i ka 32 x2 pili
  • 192 laina ma 2P hoʻonohonoho
  • Kākoʻo kumu nui
  • 4 laina x16 CCIX
• Pākuʻi Mahana – mai 0°C a i +90°C
• Ka lako
  • CPU: 0,80 V, DDR4: 1,2 V
  • I/O: 3,3V/1,8V, SerDes PLL: 1,8V
• Mana mana - ʻO ka helu Dynamic, Turbo Gen2, pale undervoltage
• Ka hale noho – 4926-pin FCLGA
• Ka hana – ʻenehana FinFET 7 nm

Nā hōʻailona

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Jeff Wittich, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o ka Ampere ma mua o ka EPYC wikiwiki loa o AMD i nā benchmarks a hoʻopau i ka mana he 4%. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kahi kaʻina hana EPYC 14-core
7742 me kahi TDP o 225 W a me ke kumu kūʻai o $6950. ʻO kēia ka mea ikaika loa ma ka ʻohana kaʻina hana EPYC 2 e pili ana i ka microarchitecture Zen 2. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻohana ma ʻAukake 2019.

Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻo Wittich me ka 28-core Xeon processor o ka ʻohana Cascade Lake. Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea hana Ampere Altra e "2,23 mau manawa i ka hana a me 2,11 mau manawa i ka ikehu." Ma ʻaneʻi ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hana me ka 28-core Xeon Platinum 8280 (205 W), a ua helu ʻia ka pono o ka ikehu i kēlā me kēia kumu.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka papa hana Ampere Altra ma luna o 2017 i ka SPECrate 259 integer benchmark. papaʻaina hopena He haʻahaʻa kēia i ka hana kiʻekiʻe o ASUS RS720A-E9(KNPP-D32) Pūnaehana Pūnaewele (2.20 GHz, AMD EPYC 7601) a me ASUS RS500A-E10(KRPA-U16) Pūnaewele Pūnaewele 2.25 GHz, AMD EPYC 7742.

Eia naʻe, i ka hoʻohālikelike hana, ua hoʻohana ʻo Ampere i kahi kumu o 0,85 i nā hopena o AMD ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka AMD64 compiler suite e hōʻuluʻulu i ka code benchmark, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka GCC 8.2 i hoʻohana iā ia iho, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea hoʻopili AMD C/C++. code ma mua o GCC ma ARM.

ʻOiai ʻo ia mau tweaks i ka benchmark, ʻike maikaʻi loa ʻo Ampere Altra i nā ʻōlelo o ka hana a me ka pono o ka ikehu. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i kahi pahu kikowaena 42U maʻamau me kahi lako mana 12,5 kW ma kahi o 3500 cores processor, e mālama ana i nā watts i kēlā me kēia kumu.

A ʻo ka hoʻomaka wale nō kēia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Jeff Wittich i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki e loaʻa hou kahi huahana ma ka mākeke, codenamed Mystique, kahi e hoʻonui ai ʻo Ampere i ka nui o nā cores.

E kākoʻo ʻo Mystique i ke kumu like, no laila ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻololi i nā motherboards. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka hanauna hou Siryn SoC no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana ma 2022.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike mākou i kekahi mau hoʻāʻo e hoʻokuʻu i nā kaʻina kikowaena ARM mai nā hui like ʻole: Broadcom/Cavium/Marvell, Calxeda, Huawei, Fujitsu, Phytium, Annapurna/Amazon a me AppliedMicro/Ampere. ʻAʻole i kūleʻa ka hapa nui o kēia mau hoʻāʻo. Akā aia nā hōʻailona e loli ana ke kūlana. I Dekemaba 2019, Amazon ʻōwili ʻia i ka hana ʻana nā kikowaena me nā kaʻina hana 64-core ARM ʻO Graviton2 he ʻōnaehana-ma-chip i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke kumu like ARM Neoverse N1. Ma kekahi mau ho'āʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā manawa ARM (M6g a me M6gd), a i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o x86.

I Nowemapa 2019, ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻAmelika Nuvia Ua loaʻa iā ia he $53 miliona ma ke kālā ʻoihana. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana e ʻekolu mau ʻenekini alakaʻi i komo i ka hana ʻana o nā mea hana ma Apple a me Google. Hoʻohiki pū lākou e hoʻomohala i nā kaʻina kikowaena e hoʻokūkū me Intel a me AMD. Na ʻike i loaʻaUa hoʻolālā ʻo Nuvia i kahi kaʻina hana mai ka honua a hiki ke kūkulu ʻia ma luna o ka hoʻolālā ARM, akā me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka laikini ARM.

Hōʻike kēia mau mea a hiki i nā kaʻina hana RISC ke loaʻa i ka noi ʻaʻole wale ma nā polokalamu kelepona, akā i nā kikowaena pū kekahi, a me nā kamepiula desktop a me nā kamepiula. Ma ke ala, aia nā lono E hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā laptops Apple MacBook e hiki mai ana ma nā kaʻina hana ARM.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona iPad Pro hou loa me nā kaʻina hana ARM A12X ua aneane like me ka mana o ka 15-inch MacBook Pro me nā kaʻina hana Core i7 a me Core i9, no laila e kūpono loa ka hoʻonui ʻana.

Source: www.habr.com