E like me kā mākou poʻe heluhelu e ʻike nei, ʻimi ʻole ʻo Qrator.Radar i ka pilina honua o ka protocol BGP, a me ka pilina kūloko. Ma muli o ka pōkole o ka "Internet" no "nā pūnaewele pili," ʻo ke ala maikaʻi loa e hōʻoia ai i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe a me ka wikiwiki o kāna hana ma o ka hoʻopili waiwai a me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā pūnaewele pākahi, nona ka ulu ʻana i hoʻoikaika nui ʻia e ka hoʻokūkū.
ʻO ke kūpaʻa o kahi pilina pūnaewele ma kekahi ʻāina a i ʻole ʻāina e pili ana i ka helu o nā ala ala ʻē aʻe ma waena o nā ʻōnaehana autonomous - AS. Eia naʻe, e like me kā mākou i kākau pinepine ai ʻO ke kūpaʻa aupuni o nā ʻāpana o ka pūnaewele puni honua, ʻoi aku ka nui o kekahi mau ala i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe (e laʻa, nā ala i nā mea hoʻolako transit Tier-1 a i ʻole AS e hoʻokipa ana i nā kikowaena DNS mana) - ʻo ia hoʻi ka hiki ʻana o nā ala ʻē aʻe e like me ka hiki ʻO ka hope loa, ʻo kēia wale nō ke ala kūpono e hōʻoia ai i ka hilinaʻi o ka ʻōnaehana (ma ka manaʻo AS).
I kēia manawa, e nānā pono mākou i ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana pūnaewele o ka Russian Federation. Aia nā kumu e nānā pono ai i kēia māhele: e like me ka ʻikepili i hāʻawi ʻia e ka RIPE registrar database, 6183 AS mai 88664 i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa no ka Russian Federation, ʻo ia ka 6,87%.
Hoʻonoho kēia pākēneka iā Rūsia ma ka lua o ka honua no kēia hōʻailona, ma hope o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (30,08% o AS i hoʻopaʻa ʻia) a ma mua o Brazil, nona ka 6,34% o nā ʻōnaehana autonomous āpau. ʻO nā hopena i loaʻa mai i nā hoʻololi i ka pilina Lūkini , hilinaʻi a pili paha i kahi hoʻohui i hāʻawi ʻia a, hope loa, ma ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi mea hoʻolako pūnaewele.
Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
Diagram 1. Ka mahele ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana kūʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻāina ma IPv4 a me IPv6, nā ʻāina he 20 kiʻekiʻe
Ma IPv4, 33933 o 774859 nā prefix pūnaewele ʻike ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e hoʻolaha ʻia e nā mea hoʻolako pūnaewele mai ka Russian Federation, ʻo ia ka 4,38% a hoʻonoho i ka ʻāpana Pūnaewele ʻo Rūsia ma ka ʻelima o kēia kūlana. ʻO kēia mau prefix, i hoʻolaha wale ʻia mai ka māhele RU, uhi i 4,3*10^7 mau helu IP kū hoʻokahi mai 2,9*10^9 i hoʻolaha ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa—1,51%, wahi 11.
Kiʻikuhi 2. Ka māhele ʻana o nā prefix pūnaewele ma waena o nā ʻāina ma IPv4, nā ʻāina 20 kiʻekiʻe
I loko o IPv6, 1831 mai 65532 mau prefix ʻike maka honua e hoʻolaha ʻia e nā ISP mai ka Russian Federation, e hōʻike ana i ka 2,79% a me ka wahi 7. Hoʻopili kēia mau prefix i 1.3*10^32 mau helu IPv6 kūʻokoʻa mai ka 1,5*10^34 i hoʻolaha ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa—0,84% a me ka wahi 18.
Kiʻikuhi 3. Ka māhele ʻana o nā prefix pūnaewele ma waena o nā ʻāina ma IPv6, nā ʻāina 20 kiʻekiʻe
Nui maʻamau
ʻO kekahi o nā ala he nui e loiloi ai i ka pilina a me ka hilinaʻi o ka Pūnaewele ma kekahi ʻāina, ʻo ia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana autonomous no kahi ʻāina i hāʻawi ʻia e ka helu o nā prefixes i hoʻolaha ʻia. He palupalu naʻe kēia ʻenehana i ke ala deaggregation, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ke kānana ʻana i nā prefixes deaggregated nui loa ma nā lako o nā mea hoʻolako pūnaewele, ma muli o ka ulu mau ʻana a hiki ʻole ke hoʻonui ʻia o nā papa routing e noho ana i ka hoʻomanaʻo.
20 IPv4 kiʻekiʻe
20 IPv6 kiʻekiʻe
ASN
AS Inoa
Ka helu o nā prefix
ASN
AS Inoa
Ka helu o nā prefix
2279
56
1283
51
1197
30
930
26
521
20
44050
PIN-AS
366
42385
RIPN-RU
20
197695
AS-REGRU
315
51604
EKAT-AS
19
12772
ENFORTA-AS
291
51819
YAR-AS
19
41704
OGS-AS
235
50543
SARATOV-AS
18
57129
RU-SERVERSGET-KRSK
225
52207
TULA-AS
18
31133
MF-MGSM-AS
216
206066
TELEDOM-AS
18
49505
KOHO
213
57026
CHEB-AS
18
12714
TI-AS
195
49037
MGL-AS
17
15774
TTK-RTL
193
41682
ERTH-TMN-AS
17
12418
UiANTUM
191
21191
ASN-SEVERTTK
16
50340
SELECTEL-MSK
188
41843
ERTH-OMSK-AS
15
28840
TATTELECOM-AS
184
42682
ERTH-NNOV-AS
15
50113
SuperServersDatacenter
181
50498
LIPETSK-AS
15
31163
MF-KAVKAZ-AS
176
50542
VORONEZH-AS
15
21127
ZSTTKAS
162
51645
IRKUTSK-AS
15
Papa 1. AS ka nui ma ka helu o nā prefix i hoʻolaha ʻia
Hoʻohana mākou i ka nui hui o ka wahi helu wahi i hoʻolaha ʻia ma ke ʻano he metric hilinaʻi no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka nui o kahi ʻōnaehana autonomous, nāna e hoʻoholo i kona hiki a me nā palena i hiki ke hoʻonui. ʻAʻole pili kēia metric i ka IPv6 ma muli o nā kulekele hoʻokaʻawale helu RIPE NCC IPv6 i kēia manawa a me ka redundancy i kūkulu ʻia i loko o ka protocol.
Me ka mālie, e kaulikeʻia kēia kūlana e ka uluʻana o ka hoʻohanaʻana i IPv6 ma ka māhele Lūkini o ka Pūnaewele a me ka hoʻomohalaʻana i nā hana no ka hanaʻana me ka protocol IPv6.
20 IPv4 kiʻekiʻe
20 IPv6 kiʻekiʻe
ASN
AS Inoa
Ka helu o nā helu IP
ASN
AS Inoa
Ka helu o nā helu IP
8994816
2.76*10^30
2228864
2.06*10^30
1206272
1.43*10^30
1162752
1.35*10^30
872608
1.27*10^30
31200
mea hoʻolālā
566272
34241
NCT-AS
1.27*10^30
42610
NCNET-AS
523264
202984
hoʻokipa hui
1.27*10^30
25513
ASN-MGTS-USPD
414464
12695
DINET-AS
9.51*10^29
39927
Elight-AS
351744
206766
INETTECH1-AS
8.72*10^29
20485
TRANSTELECOM
350720
20485
TRANSTELECOM
7.92*10^29
8342
RTCOMM-AS
350464
12722
RECONN
7.92*10^29
28840
TATTELECOM-AS
336896
47764
mailru-as
7.92*10^29
8369
INTERSVYAZ-AS
326912
44050
PIN-AS
7.13*10^29
28812
JSCBIS-AS
319488
45027
INETTECH-AS
7.13*10^29
12332
PRIMORYE-AS
303104
3267
RUNNET
7.13*10^29
20632
PETERSTAR-AS
284416
34580
UNITLINE_MSK_NET1
7.13*10^29
8615
CNT-AS
278528
25341
LINIYA-AS
7.13*10^29
35807
SkyNet-SPB-AS
275968
60252
OST-LLC-AS
7.13*10^29
3267
RUNNET
272640
28884
MR-SIB-MTSAS
6.73*10^29
41733
ZTELECOM-AS
266240
42244
ESERVER
6.44*10^29
Papa 2. AS ka nui ma ka helu o nā IP i hoʻolaha ʻia
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ana ʻelua—ka helu o nā prefix i hoʻolaha ʻia a me ka nui o ka helu wahi. ʻOiai ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike i kēlā ʻano hana mai nā AS i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka wā o ke aʻo ʻana.
Hoʻohui
Aia 3 ʻano nui o ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻōnaehana autonomous:
• Ka mea kūʻai: uku i kekahi AS no ke kaʻa kaʻa;
• Hoa hoahele: AS e hoʻololi ana i kāna kalepa ponoʻī a me ka mea kūʻai aku no ka manuahi;
• Mea hoʻolako: loaʻa nā uku no ke kaʻa kaʻa mai nā AS ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ua like kēia mau ʻano pilina no nā mea hoʻolako pūnaewele ʻelua, i hōʻoia ʻia ma ka ʻāina o ka Russian Federation a mākou e noʻonoʻo nei. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa, loaʻa i ʻelua ISP nā ʻano pilina like ʻole ma nā wahi like ʻole, no ka laʻana kaʻana manuahi ma ʻEulopa akā loaʻa kahi pilina kalepa ma Asia.
20 IPv4 kiʻekiʻe
20 IPv6 kiʻekiʻe
ASN
AS Inoa
Ka helu o nā mea kūʻai ma ka ʻāina
ASN
AS Inoa
Ka helu o nā mea kūʻai ma ka ʻāina
818
94
667
82
589
77
467
72
313
70
20764
RASCOM-AS
223
9049
ERTH-TRANSIT-AS
58
9049
ERTH-TRANSIT-AS
220
8359
MTS
51
8732
COMCOR-AS
170
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
40
2854
ROSPRINT-AS
152
31500
GLOBALNET-AS
32
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
143
3267
RUNNET
26
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
143
25478
IHOME-AS
22
28917
Fiord-AS
96
28917
Fiord-AS
21
25159
SONICDUO-AS
94
199599
CIREX
17
3267
RUNNET
93
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
13
31500
GLOBALNET-AS
87
8732
COMCOR-AS
12
13094
SFO-IX-AS
80
35000
HOOLAHA
12
31261
GARS-AS
80
49063
DTLN
11
25478
IHOME-AS
78
42861
FOTONTELECOM
10
12695
DINET-AS
76
56534
PIRIX-INET-AS
9
8641
NAUKANET-AS
73
48858
Milecom-as
8
Papa 3. Hoʻohui AS ma ka helu o nā mea kūʻai aku
Hōʻike ka helu o nā mea kūʻai o kahi AS i hāʻawi ʻia i kāna kuleana ma ke ʻano he mea hāʻawi pololei i nā lawelawe hoʻohui pūnaewele i nā mea kūʻai kālepa.
20 IPv4 kiʻekiʻe
20 IPv6 kiʻekiʻe
ASN
AS Inoa
Ka helu o nā hoa pili ma ka ʻāina
ASN
AS Inoa
Ka helu o nā hoa pili ma ka ʻāina
638
266
579
201
498
189
497
177
474
176
41268
LANTA-AS
432
3267
RUNNET
86
15672
TZTELECOM
430
31133
MF-MGSM-AS
78
39442
UNICO-AS
424
60764
TK-Telecom
74
39087
PAKT-AS
422
12389
ROSTELECOM-AS
52
199805
UGO-AS
418
42861
FOTONTELECOM
32
200487
FASTVPS
417
8359
MTS
28
41691
SUMTEL-AS-RIPE
399
20764
RASCOM-AS
26
13094
SFO-IX-AS
388
20485
TRANSTELECOM
17
60357
MEGAGROUP-AS
368
28917
Fiord-AS
16
41617
SOLID-IFC
347
31500
GLOBALNET-AS
14
51674
Mehanika-AS
345
60388
TRANSNEFT-TELECOM-AS
14
49675
SKBKONTUR-AS
343
42385
RIPN-RU
13
35539
INFOLINK-T-AS
310
3216
SOVAM-AS
12
42861
FOTONTELECOM
303
49063
DTLN
12
25227
ASN-AVANTEL-MSK
301
44843
OBTEL-AS
11
Papa 4. Hoʻohui AS ma ka helu o nā hoa pili
Hiki i ka heluna nui o nā hoa pili ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka pilina o kahi ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa. He mea nui ka Internet Exchanges (IX), ʻoiai ʻaʻole koi ʻia, ma ʻaneʻi—ʻaʻole i komo nā ISP nui loa i nā hoʻololi kūloko (me kekahi mau ʻokoʻa kaulana, e like me NIXI) ma muli o ke ʻano o kā lākou ʻoihana.
No ka mea hoʻolako maʻiʻo, hiki i ka helu o nā hoa hele ke lilo i mea hōʻailona o ka nui o nā kaʻa i hana ʻia - ʻo ka hoʻoikaika ʻana e hoʻololi i nā puke nui me ka manuahi he kumu hoʻoikaika ( lawa no ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻolako pūnaewele kūloko) e ʻike i ka mea hāʻawi ʻike. ma ke ʻano he moho kūpono no nā hoa pili. Aia kekahi mau hihia ʻē aʻe inā ʻaʻole kākoʻo nā mea hoʻolako maʻiʻo i ke kulekele o kahi helu nui o nā pili kūloko, ʻo ia ka mea ʻaʻole pololei loa kēia hōʻailona no ka helu ʻana i ka nui o nā mea hāʻawi maʻiʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka nui o nā kaʻa a lākou e hana ai.
20 IPv4 kiʻekiʻe
20 IPv6 kiʻekiʻe
ASN
AS Inoa
Nui cone mea kūʻai
ASN
AS Inoa
Nui cone mea kūʻai
3083
335
2973
219
2587
205
2463
183
2318
166
8359
MTS
2293
3216
SOVAM-AS
143
20764
RASCOM-AS
2251
8359
MTS
143
9049
ERTH-TRANSIT-AS
1407
3267
RUNNET
88
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
860
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
84
28917
Fiord-AS
683
28917
Fiord-AS
70
3267
RUNNET
664
9049
ERTH-TRANSIT-AS
65
25478
IHOME-AS
616
31500
GLOBALNET-AS
54
43727
KVANT-TELECOM
476
25478
IHOME-AS
33
31500
GLOBALNET-AS
459
199599
CIREX
24
57724
DDOS-KĀʻI
349
43727
KVANT-TELECOM
20
13094
SFO-IX-AS
294
39134
UNITEDNET
20
199599
CIREX
290
15835
MAP
15
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
227
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
14
201706
AS-SERVICEPIPE
208
35000
HOOLAHA
14
8641
NAUKANET-AS
169
49063
DTLN
13
Papa 5. Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo AS e ka nui cone o ka mea kūʻai aku
ʻO ka cone o ka mea kūʻai aku ka hoʻonohonoho o nā ASes a pau i hilinaʻi pololei a i ʻole ma luna o ka ʻōnaehana autonomous i nīnau ʻia. Mai ka manaʻo hoʻokele waiwai, ʻo kēlā me kēia AS i loko o ka cone mea kūʻai aku, pololei a ʻole paha, he mea kūʻai uku. Ma kahi kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka helu o nā ASes i loko o kahi cone mea kūʻai aku, a me ka helu o nā mea kūʻai pololei, he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka pilina.
ʻO ka hope, ua hoʻomākaukau mākou no ʻoe i kahi papaʻaina ʻē aʻe e nānā ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kumu RuNet. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano kumu o ka pilina kūloko e pili ana i ka nui o nā mea kūʻai pololei a me ka nui o ka cone mea kūʻai aku no kēlā me kēia ʻōnaehana autonomous ma kahi ʻāina, hiki iā mākou ke helu i ka mamao o lākou mai nā ISP backhaul nui loa o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o ka helu, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pilina. "1" 'o ia ho'i, loa'a i nā ala a pau i 'ike 'ia ke pili pololei i ke kumu āpana.
IPv4 luna 20
IPv6 luna 20
ASN
AS Inoa
Ka helu hoʻohui
ASN
AS Inoa
Ka helu hoʻohui
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.07
1.05
13238
YANDEX
1.1
8470
MAcomnet
1.17
3216
SOVAM-AS
1.11
12389
ROSTELECOM-AS
1.19
48061
GPM-TECH-AS
1.11
41722
MIRAN-AS
1.2
31133
MF-MGSM-AS
1.11
8359
MTS
1.22
8359
MTS
1.12
60879
SYSTEMPROJECTS-AS
1.25
41268
LANTA-AS
1.13
41268
LANTA-AS
1.25
9049
ERTH-TRANSIT-AS
1.16
44020
CLN-AS
1.25
20485
TRANSTELECOM
1.18
29226
MASTERTEL-AS
1.25
29076
CITYTELECOM-AS
1.18
44943
RAMNET-AS
1.25
12389
ROSTELECOM-AS
1.23
12714
TI-AS
1.25
57629
IVI-RU
1.25
47764
mailru-as
1.25
48297
DOORHAN
1.25
44267
IESV
1.25
42632
MNOGOBYTE-AS
1.25
203730
SVIAZINVESTREGION
1.25
44020
CLN-AS
1.25
3216
SOVAM-AS
1.25
12668
MIRALOGIC-AS
1.25
24739
SEVEREN-TELECOM
1.29
Papa 6. Hoʻohui AS ma ka mamao i ke kumu o ka hoʻohui ʻāina
He aha ka mea e hiki ke hana no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pilina holoʻokoʻa a, ma muli o ka hopena, kūpaʻa, hilinaʻi a me ka palekana o kekahi ʻāina, ʻo ka Russian Federation ma ke ʻano? Eia kekahi mau ana.
- ʻO nā ʻauhau ʻauhau a me nā pono ʻē aʻe no nā mea hoʻokele kūloko o nā wahi hoʻololi kaʻa, a me ke komo manuahi ʻana iā lākou;
- ʻO ka ʻāina maʻalahi a i ʻole ka uku haʻahaʻa no ke kau ʻana i nā laina kamaʻilio fiber-optic;
- Ke alakaʻi nei i nā kau hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana no nā limahana loea ma nā wahi mamao, me nā papa hana a me nā ʻano hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā hana maikaʻi loa no ka hana ʻana me BGP. Hoʻonohonoho ka RIPE NCC i kekahi o lākou, .
ʻO ka ʻikepili i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei he ʻāpana mai ka noiʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e Qrator Labs ma ka lua o ka ʻāpana pūnaewele puni honua nui loa o ka Russian Federation (ʻike ʻia ʻo "Runet"), ma muli o ka ʻikepili wehe i hōʻiliʻili ʻia a hana ʻia i loko o ka papahana. . Hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻike ʻana o ka haʻawina holoʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano he papa hana i loko o ke ʻano o i Iulai. Hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia kahi noi no ka ʻikepili like no nā ʻāpana o nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina ʻē i ka leka uila .
Source: www.habr.com