E Habr!
I kēia manawa, ua puka mai kahi ʻatikala ma aneʻi kahi i hoʻoponopono ʻia ai kekahi pilikia like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ala fossil. A ʻoiai he ʻano maʻamau ka hana, ʻaʻohe mea like me ia ma Habré. ʻAʻa wau e hāʻawi i kaʻu paikikala i ke kaiāulu IT mahalo ʻia.
ʻAʻole kēia ka kaʻa kaʻa mua no ia hana. Ua hoʻokō ʻia ka koho mua i kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei Ansible mana 1.x.x. Kakaʻikahi ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻa kaʻa a no laila ʻeleʻele mau. I ka manaʻo ʻaʻole e kū mai ka hana ponoʻī e like me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā mana Ansible. A i kēlā me kēia manawa e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻokele, hāʻule ke kaulahao a hāʻule paha ka huila. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa mua, ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā configs, e hana mau ana me ka maopopo loa, pōmaikaʻi jinja2 Ua hoʻokumu lōʻihi ka ʻenekini. Akā ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻelua - ʻo ka ʻōwili ʻana i nā configs - lawe pinepine mai i nā mea kupanaha. A no ka mea pono iaʻu e ʻōwili mamao i ka config i ka hapalua haneli mau mea hana, aia kekahi o ia mau tausani mau kilomita ka mamao, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia hāmeʻa he mea ʻoluʻolu iki.
Ma ʻaneʻi, pono iaʻu e ʻae aku ʻo koʻu kānalua ʻole aia i koʻu ʻike ʻole ʻana Ansiblema mua o kona mau hemahema. A ʻo kēia, ma ke ala, he mea nui. Ansible he kaʻawale loa ia, ʻo kāna wahi ʻike ponoʻī me kāna DSL (Domain Specific Language), pono e mālama ʻia ma kahi pae hilinaʻi. ʻAe, kēlā manawa kēlā Ansible Ke ulu wikiwiki nei ia, a me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ka hoʻohālikelike hope, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻohui i ka hilinaʻi.
No laila, ʻaʻole i liʻuliʻu i hala aku nei ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi ʻano lua o ke kaʻa. ʻO kēia manawa ma python, a i ʻole ma kahi papa hana i kākau ʻia i loko python a mo python malalo o ka inoa
No laila - Nornir he microframework i kākau ʻia i loko python a mo python a hoʻolālā ʻia no ka automation. E like me ka hihia me Ansible, e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia ma ʻaneʻi, pono ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻikepili mākaukau, ʻo ia. papa helu o nā pūʻali koa a me kā lākou mau palena, akā, ʻaʻole i kākau ʻia nā palapala i kahi DSL ʻokoʻa, akā i loko o ka like ʻaʻole kahiko loa, akā maikaʻi loa p[i|i]ton.
E nānā kākou i ka mea e hoʻohana nei i kēia hiʻohiʻona ola.
He lālā lālā kaʻu me nā keʻena he ʻumi mau keʻena ma ka ʻāina. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia keʻena kahi alalai WAN e hoʻopau i nā ala kamaʻilio mai nā mea hana like ʻole. ʻO ka protocol routing ka BGP. Hele mai nā mea ala WAN i ʻelua ʻano: Cisco ISG a i ʻole Juniper SRX.
I kēia manawa ka hana: pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i kahi subnet i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka Video Surveillance ma kahi awa ʻokoʻa ma nā mea hoʻokele WAN āpau o ka pūnaewele lālā - hoʻolaha i kēia subnet ma BGP - hoʻonohonoho i ka palena wikiwiki o ke awa i hoʻolaʻa ʻia.
ʻO ka mea mua, pono mākou e hoʻomākaukau i ʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona, ma ke kumu o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia no Cisco a me Juniper. Pono nō hoʻi e hoʻomākaukau i ka ʻikepili no kēlā me kēia kiko a me nā palena pili, ʻo ia hoʻi. e ohi i ka waihona like
Mākaukau no Cisco:
$ cat templates/ios/base.j2
class-map match-all VIDEO_SURV
match access-group 111
policy-map VIDEO_SURV
class VIDEO_SURV
police 1500000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop
interface {{ host.task_data.ifname }}
description VIDEOSURV
ip address 10.10.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.254 255.255.255.0
service-policy input VIDEO_SURV
router bgp {{ host.task_data.asn }}
network 10.40.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.0 mask 255.255.255.0
access-list 11 permit 10.10.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 111 permit ip 10.10.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.0 0.0.0.255 anyPapahana no Juniper:
$ cat templates/junos/base.j2
set interfaces {{ host.task_data.ifname }} unit 0 description "Video surveillance"
set interfaces {{ host.task_data.ifname }} unit 0 family inet filter input limit-in
set interfaces {{ host.task_data.ifname }} unit 0 family inet address 10.10.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.254/24
set policy-options policy-statement export2bgp term 1 from route-filter 10.10.{{ host.task_data.ipsuffix }}.0/24 exact
set security zones security-zone WAN interfaces {{ host.task_data.ifname }}
set firewall policer policer-1m if-exceeding bandwidth-limit 1m
set firewall policer policer-1m if-exceeding burst-size-limit 187k
set firewall policer policer-1m then discard
set firewall policer policer-1.5m if-exceeding bandwidth-limit 1500000
set firewall policer policer-1.5m if-exceeding burst-size-limit 280k
set firewall policer policer-1.5m then discard
set firewall filter limit-in term 1 then policer policer-1.5m
set firewall filter limit-in term 1 then count limiterʻO nā templates, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i puka mai i waho o ka ea lahilahi. He ʻokoʻa loa kēia ma waena o nā hoʻonohonoho hana i hana ʻia a ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana ma nā mea ala ala ʻelua o nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole.
Mai kā mākou mau hiʻohiʻona ʻike mākou e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia, pono mākou i ʻelua mau palena no Juniper a me 3 mau palena no Cisco. eia lakou:
- ifname
- ipssuffix
- asn
I kēia manawa pono mākou e hoʻonohonoho i kēia mau ʻāpana no kēlā me kēia hāmeʻa, i.e. e hana like mo'olako.
no ka mea, mo'olako E hahai pono mākou i nā palapala
ʻo ia hoʻi, e hana kāua i ka iwi waihona like:
.
├── config.yaml
├── inventory
│ ├── defaults.yaml
│ ├── groups.yaml
│ └── hosts.yamlʻO ka faila config.yaml ka faila hoʻonohonoho nornir maʻamau
$ cat config.yaml
---
core:
num_workers: 10
inventory:
plugin: nornir.plugins.inventory.simple.SimpleInventory
options:
host_file: "inventory/hosts.yaml"
group_file: "inventory/groups.yaml"
defaults_file: "inventory/defaults.yaml"E hōʻike mākou i nā ʻāpana nui i ka faila hosts.yaml, pūʻulu (i koʻu hihia he mau logins / password kēia) ma pūʻulu.yaml, a in defaults.yaml ʻAʻole mākou e hōʻike i kekahi mea, akā pono ʻoe e komo i ʻekolu mau minus ma laila - e hōʻike ana ʻo ia ʻehu Ua nele nae ka waihona.
ʻO kēia ke ʻano o hosts.yaml:
---
srx-test:
hostname: srx-test
groups:
- juniper
data:
task_data:
ifname: fe-0/0/2
ipsuffix: 111
cisco-test:
hostname: cisco-test
groups:
- cisco
data:
task_data:
ifname: GigabitEthernet0/1/1
ipsuffix: 222
asn: 65111A eia nā hui.yaml:
---
cisco:
platform: ios
username: admin1
password: cisco1
juniper:
platform: junos
username: admin2
password: juniper2ʻO kēia ka mea i hana ʻia mo'olako no kā mākou hana. I ka wā o ka hoʻomaka ʻana, hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻāpana mai nā faila waihona i ke kumu hoʻohālike InventoryElement.
Aia ma lalo iho o ka mea hao ke kiʻi o ka InventoryElement model
print(json.dumps(InventoryElement.schema(), indent=4))
{
"title": "InventoryElement",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"hostname": {
"title": "Hostname",
"type": "string"
},
"port": {
"title": "Port",
"type": "integer"
},
"username": {
"title": "Username",
"type": "string"
},
"password": {
"title": "Password",
"type": "string"
},
"platform": {
"title": "Platform",
"type": "string"
},
"groups": {
"title": "Groups",
"default": [],
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "string"
}
},
"data": {
"title": "Data",
"default": {},
"type": "object"
},
"connection_options": {
"title": "Connection_Options",
"default": {},
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": {
"$ref": "#/definitions/ConnectionOptions"
}
}
},
"definitions": {
"ConnectionOptions": {
"title": "ConnectionOptions",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"hostname": {
"title": "Hostname",
"type": "string"
},
"port": {
"title": "Port",
"type": "integer"
},
"username": {
"title": "Username",
"type": "string"
},
"password": {
"title": "Password",
"type": "string"
},
"platform": {
"title": "Platform",
"type": "string"
},
"extras": {
"title": "Extras",
"type": "object"
}
}
}
}
}Hiki i kēia kŘkohu ke nānā iki i ka huikau, ʻoi aku ka mua. I mea e noʻonoʻo ai, ke ʻano pāʻani i loko ipython.
$ ipython3
Python 3.6.9 (default, Nov 7 2019, 10:44:02)
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 7.1.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
In [1]: from nornir import InitNornir
In [2]: nr = InitNornir(config_file="config.yaml", dry_run=True)
In [3]: nr.inventory.hosts
Out[3]:
{'srx-test': Host: srx-test, 'cisco-test': Host: cisco-test}
In [4]: nr.inventory.hosts['srx-test'].data
Out[4]: {'task_data': {'ifname': 'fe-0/0/2', 'ipsuffix': 111}}
In [5]: nr.inventory.hosts['srx-test']['task_data']
Out[5]: {'ifname': 'fe-0/0/2', 'ipsuffix': 111}
In [6]: nr.inventory.hosts['srx-test'].platform
Out[6]: 'junos'
A ʻo ka hope, e neʻe kākou i ka palapala ponoʻī. ʻAʻohe aʻu mea e haʻaheo loa ai ma ʻaneʻi. Ua lawe wale au i kahi laʻana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai a hoʻohana ʻaneʻane hoʻololi ʻole. Penei ke ano o ka palapala hana i pau:
from nornir import InitNornir
from nornir.plugins.tasks import networking, text
from nornir.plugins.functions.text import print_title, print_result
def config_and_deploy(task):
# Transform inventory data to configuration via a template file
r = task.run(task=text.template_file,
name="Base Configuration",
template="base.j2",
path=f"templates/{task.host.platform}")
# Save the compiled configuration into a host variable
task.host["config"] = r.result
# Save the compiled configuration into a file
with open(f"configs/{task.host.hostname}", "w") as f:
f.write(r.result)
# Deploy that configuration to the device using NAPALM
task.run(task=networking.napalm_configure,
name="Loading Configuration on the device",
replace=False,
configuration=task.host["config"])
nr = InitNornir(config_file="config.yaml", dry_run=True) # set dry_run=False, cross your fingers and run again
# run tasks
result = nr.run(task=config_and_deploy)
print_result(result)E hoʻolohe i ka ʻāpana dry_run=ʻOiaʻiʻo ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mea laina nr.
Eia ka like me ma Ansible ua hoʻokō ʻia kahi holo hoʻāʻo kahi i hana ʻia ai kahi pilina me ke alalai, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi hoʻonohonoho hoʻololi hou, a laila hōʻoia ʻia e ka hāmeʻa (akā ʻaʻole maopopo kēia; pili ia i ke kākoʻo o ka hāmeʻa a me ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka mea hoʻokele ma NAPALM) , akā, ʻaʻole pili pono ka hoʻonohonoho hou. No ka hoʻohana kaua, pono ʻoe e wehe i ke ʻano holo_maloo a hoololi paha i kona waiwai i wahahee.
Ke hoʻokō ʻia ka palapala, hoʻopuka ʻo Nornir i nā lāʻau kikoʻī i ka console.
Aia ma lalo o ka mea hao ka hopena o ka holo kaua ma nā mea hoʻokele hoʻāʻo ʻelua:
config_and_deploy***************************************************************
* cisco-test ** changed : True *******************************************
vvvv config_and_deploy ** changed : True vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv INFO
---- Base Configuration ** changed : True ------------------------------------- INFO
class-map match-all VIDEO_SURV
match access-group 111
policy-map VIDEO_SURV
class VIDEO_SURV
police 1500000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop
interface GigabitEthernet0/1/1
description VIDEOSURV
ip address 10.10.222.254 255.255.255.0
service-policy input VIDEO_SURV
router bgp 65001
network 10.10.222.0 mask 255.255.255.0
access-list 11 permit 10.10.222.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 111 permit ip 10.10.222.0 0.0.0.255 any
---- Loading Configuration on the device ** changed : True --------------------- INFO
+class-map match-all VIDEO_SURV
+ match access-group 111
+policy-map VIDEO_SURV
+ class VIDEO_SURV
+interface GigabitEthernet0/1/1
+ description VIDEOSURV
+ ip address 10.10.222.254 255.255.255.0
+ service-policy input VIDEO_SURV
+router bgp 65001
+ network 10.10.222.0 mask 255.255.255.0
+access-list 11 permit 10.10.222.0 0.0.0.255
+access-list 111 permit ip 10.10.222.0 0.0.0.255 any
^^^^ END config_and_deploy ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
* srx-test ** changed : True *******************************************
vvvv config_and_deploy ** changed : True vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv INFO
---- Base Configuration ** changed : True ------------------------------------- INFO
set interfaces fe-0/0/2 unit 0 description "Video surveillance"
set interfaces fe-0/0/2 unit 0 family inet filter input limit-in
set interfaces fe-0/0/2 unit 0 family inet address 10.10.111.254/24
set policy-options policy-statement export2bgp term 1 from route-filter 10.10.111.0/24 exact
set security zones security-zone WAN interfaces fe-0/0/2
set firewall policer policer-1m if-exceeding bandwidth-limit 1m
set firewall policer policer-1m if-exceeding burst-size-limit 187k
set firewall policer policer-1m then discard
set firewall policer policer-1.5m if-exceeding bandwidth-limit 1500000
set firewall policer policer-1.5m if-exceeding burst-size-limit 280k
set firewall policer policer-1.5m then discard
set firewall filter limit-in term 1 then policer policer-1.5m
set firewall filter limit-in term 1 then count limiter
---- Loading Configuration on the device ** changed : True --------------------- INFO
[edit interfaces]
+ fe-0/0/2 {
+ unit 0 {
+ description "Video surveillance";
+ family inet {
+ filter {
+ input limit-in;
+ }
+ address 10.10.111.254/24;
+ }
+ }
+ }
[edit]
+ policy-options {
+ policy-statement export2bgp {
+ term 1 {
+ from {
+ route-filter 10.10.111.0/24 exact;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
[edit security zones]
security-zone test-vpn { ... }
+ security-zone WAN {
+ interfaces {
+ fe-0/0/2.0;
+ }
+ }
[edit]
+ firewall {
+ policer policer-1m {
+ if-exceeding {
+ bandwidth-limit 1m;
+ burst-size-limit 187k;
+ }
+ then discard;
+ }
+ policer policer-1.5m {
+ if-exceeding {
+ bandwidth-limit 1500000;
+ burst-size-limit 280k;
+ }
+ then discard;
+ }
+ filter limit-in {
+ term 1 {
+ then {
+ policer policer-1.5m;
+ count limiter;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
^^^^ END config_and_deploy ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Hūnā ʻōlelo huna ma ansible_vault
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻatikala ua hele au i kahi liʻiliʻi Ansible, ʻaʻole naʻe he ʻino loa. Makemake au iā lākou ʻoiai like, i hoʻolālā ʻia e hūnā i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi mai ka ʻike ʻana. A ua ʻike paha ka poʻe he nui iā mākou nā logins / ʻōlelo huna no nā mea hoʻokele kaua āpau e ʻālohilohi i ka puka ākea i kahi faila. gorups.yaml. ʻAʻole nani, ʻoiaʻiʻo. E mālama kākou i kēia ʻikepili me ʻoiai.
E hoʻololi i nā ʻāpana mai groups.yaml i creds.yaml, a hoʻopili iā ia me AES256 me kahi huaʻōlelo 20-helu:
$ cd inventory
$ cat creds.yaml
---
cisco:
username: admin1
password: cisco1
juniper:
username: admin2
password: juniper2
$ pwgen 20 -N 1 > vault.passwd
ansible-vault encrypt creds.yaml --vault-password-file vault.passwd
Encryption successful
$ cat creds.yaml
$ANSIBLE_VAULT;1.1;AES256
39656463353437333337356361633737383464383231366233386636333965306662323534626131
3964396534396333363939373539393662623164373539620a346565373439646436356438653965
39643266333639356564663961303535353364383163633232366138643132313530346661316533
6236306435613132610a656163653065633866626639613537326233653765353661613337393839
62376662303061353963383330323164633162386336643832376263343634356230613562643533
30363436343465306638653932366166306562393061323636636163373164613630643965636361
34343936323066393763323633336366366566393236613737326530346234393735306261363239
35663430623934323632616161636330353134393435396632663530373932383532316161353963
31393434653165613432326636616636383665316465623036376631313162646435He maʻalahi kēlā. Ke koe nei ke aʻo ʻana i kā mākou Nornir-script e kiʻi a hoʻohana i kēia ʻikepili.
No ka hana ʻana i kēia, i kā mākou palapala ma hope o ka laina hoʻomaka nr = InitNornir(config_file=… hoʻohui i kēia code:
...
nr = InitNornir(config_file="config.yaml", dry_run=True) # set dry_run=False, cross your fingers and run again
# enrich Inventory with the encrypted vault data
from ansible_vault import Vault
vault_password_file="inventory/vault.passwd"
vault_file="inventory/creds.yaml"
with open(vault_password_file, "r") as fp:
password = fp.readline().strip()
vault = Vault(password)
vaultdata = vault.load(open(vault_file).read())
for a in nr.inventory.hosts.keys():
item = nr.inventory.hosts[a]
item.username = vaultdata[item.groups[0]]['username']
item.password = vaultdata[item.groups[0]]['password']
#print("hostname={}, username={}, password={}n".format(item.hostname, item.username, item.password))
# run tasks
...ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pono e loaʻa ka vault.passwd ma kahi o creds.yaml e like me kaʻu laʻana. Akā maikaʻi no ka pāʻani.
ʻO ia wale nō i kēia manawa. Aia kekahi mau ʻatikala hou aʻe e pili ana iā Cisco + Zabbix e hele mai ana, akā ʻaʻole kēia e pili ana i ka automation. A i ka wā e hiki mai ana, hoʻolālā wau e kākau e pili ana iā RESTCONF ma Cisco.
Source: www.habr.com