Aloha kākou! Hoʻomaka ka papa i kēia lā , e pili ana iā mākou i mālama i kahi webinar thematic pili i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka loiloi ELB. Nānā mākou i nā ʻano mea kaulike a hana i kekahi mau manawa EC2 me kahi mea kaulike. Ua aʻo pū mākou i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻohana.
, E:
- hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka AWS Load Balancing;
- ʻike i nā ʻano o ka Elastic Load Balancer a me kāna mau ʻāpana;
- e hoʻohana i ka AWS ELB i kāu hana.
No ke aha ʻoe e ʻike pono ai i kēia?
- pono inā ʻoe e hoʻolālā e lawe i nā hōʻike hōʻoia AWS;
- he ala maʻalahi kēia e puʻunaue i ka ukana ma waena o nā kikowaena;
- He ala maʻalahi kēia e hoʻohui iā Lambda i kāu lawelawe (ALB).
Ua alakaʻi i kahi haʻawina hāmama , ʻenekinia ʻōnaehana ma kahi hui kūʻai aku no ka hoʻomohala pūnaewele a me ke kākoʻo.
Hōʻike
He aha ka Elastic Load Balancer hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻikuhi ma lalo nei, e hōʻike ana i kahi laʻana maʻalahi:
ʻAe ʻo Load Balancer i nā noi a hāʻawi iā lākou i nā manawa. Loaʻa iā mākou hoʻokahi hiʻohiʻona kaʻawale, aia nā hana Lambda a aia kahi hui AutoScaling (kahi hui o nā kikowaena).
Nā ʻano AWS ELB
1. E nana kakou i na ano nui:
Kaulike Haawe Ma'amau. ʻO ka mea kaulike mua loa mai AWS, hana ma nā papa ʻelua OSI 4 a me 7, kākoʻo ʻia ʻo HTTP, HTTPS, TCP a me SSL. Hāʻawi ia i ke kaupaona ʻana i ka ukana ma waena o nā manawa he nui o Amazon EC2 a hana ma nā pae noi a me nā pae pili. E wehe kāua (i hoʻohiwahiwa ʻia i ka hina):
Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mea kaulike, no laila ua ʻōlelo ʻia no ka hoʻohana wale ʻana i kekahi mau hihia. No ka laʻana, no nā noi i kūkulu ʻia ma ka pūnaewele EC2‑Classic. Ma ke kumu, ʻaʻohe mea e kāohi iā mākou mai ka hana ʻana:
2. Pūnaehana Haawe Kaulike. He kūpono no nā hana kaumaha, hana ma OSI Layer 4 (hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma EKS a me ECS), kākoʻo ʻia ʻo TCP, UDP a me TLS.
Ke ala nei ʻo Network Load Balancer i nā huakaʻi i nā pahuhopu i kahi Amazon VPC a hiki iā ia ke hana i nā miliona o nā noi i kēlā me kēia kekona me ka latency haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano kaʻa me nā ukana hikiwawe a loli.
3. Noi Load Balance. Hana ʻia ma ka papa 7, loaʻa ke kākoʻo Lambda, kākoʻo i ke poʻo a me nā lula pae ala, kākoʻo iā HTTP a me HTTPS.
Hāʻawi i ka hoʻokele noi holomua e kālele ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā noi i kūkulu ʻia ma nā hale kūkulu hou, me nā microservices a me nā ipu. E alakaʻi i nā huakaʻi i nā pahuhopu ma Amazon VPC e pili ana i ka ʻike o ka noi.
No nā mea hoʻohana he nui, ʻo ka Application Load Balancer ke koho mua e pani i ka Classic Load Balancer, no ka mea, ʻaʻole like ka TCP e like me HTTP.
E hana pū kākou, a ma muli o ia mea e loaʻa iā mākou ʻelua mau kau kaulike:
Hoʻouka Kaulike Nā ʻāpana
Nā Mea Kaulike Haawe maʻamau (maʻa i nā mea kaulike a pau):
- Ke kulekele hoʻopaʻa inoa
- kāu mau moʻolelo hoʻokomo ELB. No ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻonohonoho, hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i ka wehewehe a koho i ke pihi "Edit attributes":
A laila, kuhikuhi mākou iā S3Bucket - mālama mea Amazon:
- Hoʻolālā
— mea kaulike o loko a i waho paha. ʻO ka manaʻo inā pono e loaʻa i kāu LoadBalancer nā helu waho i hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai waho mai, a i ʻole ʻo ia kāu mea kaulike ukana kūloko;
- Nā Pūʻulu palekana
— ka hoomalu ana i ka mea kaulike. ʻO ka mea nui he pā ahi pae kiʻekiʻe kēia.
- Nā ʻupena lalo
- nā subnets i loko o kāu VPC (a, no laila, ka ʻāpana hiki ke loaʻa). Hōʻike ʻia nā subnets i ka wā o ka hana ʻana. Inā kaupalena ʻia nā VPC e ka ʻāina, a laila ua kaupalena ʻia nā Subnet e nā ʻāpana loaʻa. I ka hana ʻana i kahi Load Balancer, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana i ʻelua mau subnets (kōkua inā kū mai nā pilikia me hoʻokahi Availability Zone);
- Nā mea hoʻolohe
- kāu mau protocol balancer. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, no ka Classic Load Balancer hiki iā ia ke HTTP, HTTPS, TCP a me SSL, no Network Load Balancer - TCP, UDP a me TLS, no ka Application Load Balancer - HTTP a me HTTPS.
Laʻana no ka mea hoʻohālikelike hoʻouka maʻamau:
Akā i ka Application Load Balancer ʻike mākou i kahi ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa a me nā loina like ʻole:
Load Balancer v2 nā ʻāpana (ALB a me NLB)
I kēia manawa, e nānā pono kākou i ka mana 2 balancers Application Load Balancer a me Network Load Balancer. Loaʻa i kēia mau mea kaulike ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona ponoʻī. No ka laʻana, ua ʻike ʻia kahi manaʻo e like me Target Groups - nā manawa (a me nā hana). Mahalo i kēia ʻāpana, loaʻa iā mākou ka manawa e kuhikuhi i kahi o nā Pūʻulu Target a mākou e makemake ai e kuhikuhi i ke kaʻa.
Ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ma nā Pūʻulu Kūʻai mākou e kuhikuhi i nā manawa e hiki mai ai ke kaʻa. Inā ma ka Classic Load Balancer e hoʻopili koke ʻoe i ka ikaika i ka mea kaulike, a laila ma ka Application Load Balancer ʻoe mua:
- e hana i ka Load Balancer;
- hana i kahi hui Target;
- pololei ma nā awa i koi ʻia a i ʻole nā rula Load Balancer i nā Pūʻulu Kūikawā i makemake ʻia;
- i nā pūʻulu Target āu e hoʻonohonoho ai i nā manawa.
ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o kēia loiloi hana, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi.
ʻO ka ʻāpana aʻe Nā lula hoʻolohe (nā lula no ke ala ala). Hoʻopili wale ʻia kēia i ka mea hoʻokele hoʻoili hoʻohana. Inā ma Network Load Balancer e hana wale ʻoe i kahi Listener, a hoʻouna ʻo ia i ke kaʻa i kahi hui Target kikoʻī, a laila ma ka Application Load Balancer nā mea āpau. .
I kēia manawa, e ʻōlelo kākou i kekahi mau huaʻōlelo e pili ana i ka ʻāpana aʻe - IP laholio (nā helu kuhi no NLB). Inā pili nā lula hoʻokele ʻo Listener i ka Application Load Balancer, a laila pili wale ʻo Elastic IP i ka Pūnaewele Load Balancer.
E hana kāua i kahi mea hoʻohālikelike hoʻoili pūnaewele:
A i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana e ʻike mākou ua hāʻawi ʻia iā mākou ka manawa e koho i ka Elastic IP:
Hāʻawi ʻo Elastic IP i kahi leka uila IP hoʻokahi i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me nā manawa EC2 like ʻole i ka manawa. Inā loaʻa i kahi laʻana EC2 kahi leka uila Elastic IP a ua hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻopau paha ia manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui koke i kahi hiʻohiʻona EC2 hou me kahi leka uila Elastic IP. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole e pau ka hana ʻana o kāu noi i kēia manawa, no ka mea, ʻike mau nā noi i ka leka uila IP like, ʻoiai inā ua loli ka EC2 maoli.
ʻaneʻi ma ke kumuhana o ke kumu e pono ai ka Elastic IP. E nānā, ʻike mākou i nā helu IP 3, akā ʻaʻole lākou e noho mau ma ʻaneʻi:
Hoʻololi ʻo Amazon iā lākou i ka manawa, i kēlā me kēia 60 kekona (akā ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ʻoiaʻiʻo, emi pinepine). ʻO kēia ke ʻano hiki ke hoʻololi i nā helu IP. A i ka hihia o Network Load Balancer, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa i kahi leka uila IP a hōʻike iā ia i kāu mau lula, kulekele, etc.
Kākau i nā manaʻo
Hāʻawi ʻo ELB i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kaʻa e hiki mai ana ma waena o nā pahuhopu he nui (nā pahu, Amazon EC2 manawa, IP address, a me nā hana Lambda). Hiki iā ELB ke puʻunaue i nā kaʻa me nā ukana ʻokoʻa i loko o kahi Availability Zone a ma waena o nā ʻāpana Availability. Hiki i ka mea hoʻohana ke koho mai ʻekolu mau ʻano kaulike e hāʻawi i ka loaʻa kiʻekiʻe, autoscaling, a me ka pale maikaʻi. He mea nui kēia mau mea a pau e hōʻoia i ka hoʻomanawanui hewa o kāu mau noi.
Nā pono nui:
- loaʻa kiʻekiʻe. Manaʻo ka ʻaelike lawelawe i ka loaʻa ʻana o 99,99% no ka mea kaulike ukana. No ka laʻana, hōʻoia nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa he nui i ka hoʻokele ʻia e nā mea olakino wale nō. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke kaulike i ka ukana ma ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa, e hoʻihoʻi hou i ke kaʻa i nā pahuhopu olakino ma nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa;
- palekana. Hana pū ʻo ELB me Amazon VPC, e hāʻawi ana i nā mana palekana like ʻole - hoʻokele palapala hoʻohui, hōʻoia mea hoʻohana, a me ka decryption SSL/TLS. Hāʻawi nā mea a pau i ka hoʻokele kikowaena a me ka maʻalahi o nā hoʻonohonoho TLS;
- ʻulupā. Hiki i ka ELB ke mālama i nā hoʻololi hikiwawe i nā kaʻa pūnaewele. A ʻo ka hoʻohui hohonu ʻana me ka Auto Scaling e hāʻawi i ka noi i nā kumu waiwai inā hoʻololi ka ukana, me ka ʻole e koi i ka hana lima;
- palupalu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā helu IP e hoʻokele i nā noi i nā pahuhopu o kāu mau noi. Hāʻawi kēia i ka maʻalahi i ka wā e virtualizing ana i nā noi i manaʻo ʻia, no laila e hāʻawi i ka hiki ke hoʻokipa i nā noi he nui i ka manawa hoʻokahi. No ka mea hiki i nā noi ke hoʻohana i kahi awa pūnaewele hoʻokahi a loaʻa nā pūʻulu palekana kaʻawale, ua maʻalahi ka kamaʻilio ma waena o nā noi ke loaʻa iā mākou, e ʻōlelo, kahi hoʻolālā microservices;
- ka nānā ʻana a me ka loiloi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i nā noi i ka manawa maoli me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona Amazon CloudWatch. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā metric, logs, noi tracking. Ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā pilikia a kuhikuhi pololei i nā bottlenecks hana;
- hoʻopaʻa kaulike hybrid. ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻouka i ke koena ma waena o nā kumu waiwai ma ka hale a me AWS me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea kaulike hoʻokahi e maʻalahi ka neʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā noi ma ka hale i ke ao. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka lawelawe ʻana i ka hemahema me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ao.
Inā makemake ʻoe i nā kikoʻī, eia kekahi mau loulou hou aʻe mai ka pūnaewele Amazon official:
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Source: www.habr.com