Holo ka hapa nui o nā supercomputers i Linux - e kūkākūkā kākou i ke kūlana

E like me 2018, holo ʻelima haneli o nā ʻōnaehana hana kiʻekiʻe loa o ka honua ma Linux. Kūkākūkā mākou i nā kumu o ke kūlana o kēia manawa a hāʻawi i nā manaʻo loea.

Ото - rawpixel —PD

Mokuʻāina Mākeke

I kēia manawa, ua nalowale ʻo Linux i nā ʻōnaehana hana ʻē aʻe i ka hakakā no ka mākeke PC. Na ʻikepili Statista, hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Linux ma 1,65% wale nō o nā kamepiula, ʻoiai ʻo 77% o nā mea hoʻohana e hana pū me Microsoft's OS.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea i ke ao a me IaaS, ʻoiai ʻo Windows ke alakaʻi ma aneʻi. No ka laʻana, kēia OS hoʻohana ʻO 45% o nā mea kūʻai aku 1cloud.ru, aʻo 44% makemake i ka hoʻohele Linux.

Akā inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka helu helu kiʻekiʻe, a laila ʻo Linux ke alakaʻi maopopo. Wahi a kahi mea hou hōʻike ʻO portal Top500 kahi papahana e hoʻonohonoho ana i nā mea hoʻonohonoho kamepiula ikaika loa ma ka honua - nā kamepiula nui mai ka papa inoa 500 kiʻekiʻe i kūkulu ʻia ma Linux.

Ma ka mīkini Summit (helu mua ma ka papa inoa i ka manawa kākau), i hoʻolālā ʻia e IBM, Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Red Hat Enterprise. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana like kāhea wale ʻO ka lua o ka supercomputer ikaika loa ʻo Sierra, a ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho Kina ʻo TaihuLight nā hana ma Sunway Raise OS ma muli o Linux.

Nā kumu no ka laha ʻana o Linux

'Ohanahana. He monolithic ka Linux kernel a mālama Loaʻa iā ia nā mea pono āpau - nā mea hoʻokele, ka mea hoʻonohonoho hana, ʻōnaehana faila. I ka manawa like, hoʻokō ʻia nā lawelawe kernel ma ka lumi helu kernel, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa i ka Linux nā pono lako lako honua. Kekahi mahele ke hana nei ma nā polokalamu me 128 MB hoʻomanaʻo. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mīkini Linux ma mua o Windows i kekahi mau makahiki i hala ʻikeʻia ʻo kekahi o nā mea hoʻomohala Microsoft. Ma waena o nā kumu, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i nā hoʻonui hou e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka waihona code.

Openness. Ua kūkulu nui ʻia nā supercomputers i nā makahiki 70 a me 80 ma luna o nā māhele kūʻai UNIX i hoʻokumu ʻia, e like me UNICOS mai Cray. Ua koi ʻia nā kulanui a me nā hale noiʻi noiʻi e uku i nā royalties nui i nā mea kākau OS, ka mea i hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻole i ke kumukūʻai hope o nā kamepiula hana kiʻekiʻe - he mau miliona kālā. ʻO ka puka ʻana o kahi ʻōnaehana hana wehe ua hoʻemi nui i nā kumukūʻai polokalamu. I ka makahiki 1998 ua hoikeia первый суперкомпьютер на базе Linux — Avalon Cluster. Его собрали в Лос-Аламосской национальной лаборатории США всего за 152 тыс. долларов.

He 19,3 gigaflops ka mīkini a loaʻa iā ia ka 314th wahi ma ka honua kiʻekiʻe. I ka nānā mua ʻana, he mea liʻiliʻi kēia, akā ʻo ke kumu kūʻai / ka hoʻokō ʻana ua huki i nā mea hoʻomohala supercomputer. I loko o ʻelua mau makahiki, ua hoʻokō ʻo Linux i ka hopu ʻana i ka 10% o ka mākeke.

Hoʻopilikino. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia supercomputer kahi ʻōnaehana IT kūʻokoʻa. ʻO ka wehe ʻana o Linux e hāʻawi i nā ʻenekinia i ka maʻalahi e pono ai lākou e hana i nā loli a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana. ʻO ka luna hoʻomalu Eddie Epstein, nāna i kōkua i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka supercomputer Watson, kāheaʻia ʻO ke kumukūʻai a me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokele ʻana ke kumu nui o ke koho ʻana iā SUSE Linux.

Supercomputers o ka wā e hiki mai ana

Ua puni ka ʻōnaehana helu helu 148-petaflop Summit o IBM no kekahi mau makahiki i kēia manawa. paʻa wahi mua ma Top500. Akā ma 2021, hiki ke loli ke kūlana - e komo kekahi mau supercomputers exascale i ka mākeke i ka manawa hoʻokahi.

Ото - OLCF ma ORNL — CC BY

Hoʻomohala ʻia kekahi o lākou e ka US Department of Energy (DOE) me nā loea mai Cray. Kona mana e hoʻouna e ʻimi i ka lewa a me nā hopena o ka hoʻomehana honua, e ʻimi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e mālama ai i ka maʻi kanesa a mea hou no nā panela lā. Ua ʻike mua ʻia ka supercomputer e mālama ʻia Cray Linux Environment OS - Hoʻokumu ʻia ia ma SUSE Linux Enterprise.

E hōʻike pū ana ʻo Kina i kāna mīkini hana kiʻekiʻe exascale. E kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Tianhe-3 a e hoʻohana ʻia i ka genetic engineering a me ka hoʻomohala lāʻau. Pono ka supercomputer e hoʻokomo iā Kylin Linux, ka mea i hoʻohana mua ʻia no kona mua - tianhe-2.

No laila, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo e hoʻomau ke kūlana i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, a e hoʻomau ʻo Linux i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i kāna alakaʻi i ka niche o nā supercomputers ikaika loa.

Hāʻawi mākou ma 1cloud i kahi lawelawe "Kapua Pilikino". Me kāna kōkua, hiki iā ʻoe ke kau wikiwiki i kahi ʻōnaehana IT no nā papahana o nā paʻakikī.
ʻO kā mākou ao kukuluia maluna o ka hao Cisco, Dell, NetApp. Aia nā mea hana ma nā kikowaena data: Moscow DataSpace, St. Petersburg SDN/Xelent a me Almaty Ahost.

Source: www.habr.com