1.1. Hoʻomau
Ke kamaʻilio nei e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o IT i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke hoʻomaopopo i ka mahele o nā ʻōnaehana Cloud i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe. E noʻonoʻo kākou i ke ʻano o nā hoʻonā kapua, nā ʻenehana, a pēlā aku.
ʻO Cloud computing (a i ʻole nā lawelawe kapuaʻi) he pūʻulu kūikawā o nā mea hana a me nā ala no ka logistic, ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā ʻikepili ma nā kumuwaiwai mamao mamao, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kikowaena, nā ʻōnaehana mālama ʻikepili (DSS), nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoili ʻikepili (DTS).
I ka hana ʻana i kahi huahana IT, inā he pūnaewele kāleka ʻoihana, kahi hale kūʻai pūnaewele, kahi puka kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole kahi ʻōnaehana waihona, aia ma kahi o ʻelua mau koho no ka waiho ʻana i kāu huahana.
Ma ka hale o ka mea kūʻai (eng. - on-premise) ai ole ia, i ke ao. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo maopopo i ka mea i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ke ʻano o ke kālā ma ka hihia maʻamau.
Inā ʻoe e hoʻohana nei i kahi kikowaena kahi āu e holo nei i kahi waihona liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole koi i ka hoʻomanawanui hewa a me kahi pūnaewele maʻalahi me ka ʻole o ka ukana nui - ʻae, ʻo ka hoʻokipa ma ka honua kāu koho. Akā i ka hoʻonui ʻana o kāu mau hana a me nā pono, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo e neʻe i ke ao.
1.2. Nā ao i waena o kākou
Ma mua o ke kamaʻilio pololei ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻolako ʻia ʻana o nā ao, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole pili ka moʻolelo e pili ana i nā ao i nā pilikua nui o ka ʻāpana IT a me kā lākou lawelawe kūloko.
I kēia lā, ma 2019, paʻakikī ke loaʻa i kahi kanaka ʻaʻole e hoʻohana i ka Instagram, ka leka uila, nā palapala 'āina a me nā kaʻa kaʻa ma kā lākou kelepona. Ma hea kahi e mālama ʻia ai kēia mau mea a pau? Akau!
ʻOiai inā ʻoe, ma ke ʻano he loea IT i kahi ʻoihana me kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka lālā lālā (no ka maopopo), e hoʻokomo i nā ʻōnaehana mālama i loko o ka ʻōnaehana, a laila ʻaʻole pehea ʻoe e hāʻawi ai i ke komo ʻana i ka kumuwaiwai, inā he kikowaena pūnaewele, ftp a i ʻole samba , no kāu mea hoʻohana, ʻo ka vault he ao i loaʻa ... ma kahi o laila. He aha kā mākou e ʻōlelo ai e pili ana i nā mea maʻamau a mākou e hoʻohana ai ma ko mākou mau manamana lima i mau kakini manawa i kēlā me kēia lā.
2.1. Nā ʻano o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke ao
ʻAe, ke ao. Akā ʻaʻole ia maʻalahi. Hele pū mākou a pau i ka hana - nā mea kūʻai aku, nā loea IT, nā luna. Akā he manaʻo ākea kēia, he kumu kēlā me kēia a me kahi hoʻohālikelike. Ua like ia maanei. Ma keʻano laulā, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lawelawe kapua i 4 mau ʻano.
1.Ao lehulehu he kahua i wehe ʻia i ka lehulehu i nā mea hoʻohana a pau no ka manuahi a i ʻole me ke kau inoa uku. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e kekahi kanaka kūikawā a i ʻole hui kānāwai. ʻO kahi laʻana he portal-aggregator o nā ʻatikala o ka ʻike ʻepekema.
2. ʻOpua pilikino - ke kū'ē pololei o ka helu 1. He kahua kēia i pani ʻia i ka lehulehu, i manaʻo pinepine ʻia no hoʻokahi hui (a i ʻole he hui a me nā hui hoa). Hāʻawi ʻia ke komo ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana e ka luna ʻōnaehana. Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe i loko, no ka laʻana he pūnaewele intranet, kahi ʻōnaehana SD (service desk), CRM, etc. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, mālama koʻikoʻi nā mea nona ke ao a i ʻole ka ʻāpana i ka pilikia o ka palekana ʻike a me ka pale ʻoihana, no ka mea, mālama ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i ke kūʻai aku, nā mea kūʻai aku, nā hoʻolālā hoʻolālā o nā ʻoihana, a pēlā aku.
3. Ao kaiaulu hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo he ao pilikino kēia i puʻunaue ʻia ma waena o kekahi mau hui i loaʻa nā hana like a i ʻole makemake. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka wā e pono ai e hāʻawi i nā kuleana e hoʻohana i kahi kumuwaiwai noi i kekahi poʻe, nā keʻena mai nā hui like ʻole.
4. ʻOpua huikau ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana e hoʻohui i ʻelua mau ʻano hoʻolālā. ʻO ka laʻana maʻamau ka hoʻonui ʻana i kahi kikowaena data client me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ao. Hanaʻia kēia i mea e mālama ai i ke kālā, inā hikiʻole ke neʻe i ke ao 100%, aiʻole no nā kumu palekana a me ka hoʻokō.
2.2. Nā ʻano lawelawe
Super, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o ka hoʻolaha ʻana, akā pono kekahi mea e hoʻohui iā lākou? ʻAe, he ʻano lawelawe kēia, ua like lākou no nā ʻano ao āpau. E nānā kākou i nā mea maʻamau 3.
IaaS (infrastructure as a service) - ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he lawelawe. Me kēia koho, hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i nā kikowaena ma ke ʻano o nā mīkini virtual (VM), nā disks, nā lako pūnaewele, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kau i ka OS a me ke kaiapuni āu e pono ai, hoʻokomo i nā lawelawe, etc. ʻOiai ke hoʻomau nei au i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ao mai Yandex, ua hoʻomaka wau i koʻu kamaʻilio ʻana me GCP (Google Cloud Platform), no laila e hāʻawi wau i nā hiʻohiʻona e kūʻē i kona ʻano, a ma ka laulā e kamaʻilio wau e pili ana i nā mea hoʻolako ma hope. No laila, ʻo kahi laʻana o kahi hopena IaaS ma GCP ʻo ia ka mea Compute Engine. ʻO kēlā mau. He BM maʻamau maʻamau kēia āu e koho ai i ka ʻōnaehana hana iā ʻoe iho, hoʻonohonoho pono i ka polokalamu iā ʻoe iho a kau i nā noi. E nānā kākou i kekahi laʻana. He polokalamu polokalamu python ʻoe a makemake ʻoe e hana i kahi pūnaewele me kahi backend ma ke ao, e noʻonoʻo wale ana i ka koho IaaS. Pono ʻoe e lawe i hoʻokahi VM kahi e holo ai ka pūnaewele, no kēia mea pono ʻoe e hoʻokomo (i ka gcp ua koho ʻia ma ke kahua o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka instance) ka OS, hoʻohou i ka luna packer (no ke aha ʻaʻole), e hoʻokomo i ka mana koi o python, nginx, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe... Ma ʻekolu mau VM e hana i kahi puʻupuʻu waihona failover (ma ka lima pū kekahi). Hāʻawi i ka logging, etc. He ʻuʻuku a lōʻihi, akā inā makemake ʻoe i ka maʻalahi, ʻo kāu koho kēia.
ʻO ka mea kokoke loa i ka maʻalahi a me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe PaaS (platform as a service). Maʻaneʻi e loaʻa iāʻoe kahi VM,ʻoiaʻiʻo, akā me ka hikiʻole ke hoʻololi i ka hoʻonohonohoʻana me ka maʻalahi,ʻaʻoleʻoe e koho i kahi OS, kahi polokalamu lako polokalamu, a me nā mea'ē aʻe, loaʻa iāʻoe kahi mākaukau i hanaʻia no kāu huahana. E hoʻi kāua i ka laʻana like. Kūʻai ʻoe i ʻelua mau manawa App Engine ma GCP, aia kekahi o lākou i ke kuleana o kahi waihona, ʻo ka lua ma ke kuleana o kahi kikowaena pūnaewele. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i nā papahana kākoʻo; hiki iā ʻoe ke holo i kahi ʻenehana hana ma waho o ka pahu. ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai, pono ʻoe e ʻae, pono e uku ʻia ka hana, a ua hana ka Palapala holoʻokoʻa iā ʻoe. Akā, loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi papa hana mākaukau e hana pū me.
ʻO ke kolu o nā koho nui, e kū ana ma luna o ke koena - SaaS (Software as a Service). ʻAʻole ʻoe e hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ka VM, ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho iā ia. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e lilo i loea IT, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e kākau i ke code, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hana i kahi hope. Ua mākaukau nā mea a pau. ʻO kēia nā mea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, i hoʻolālā ʻia, e like me GSuite (Google Apps ma mua), DropBox, Office 365.
3.1. He aha ka mea ma lalo o ke kapa?
Loaʻa i kou poʻo? ʻAe, e neʻe kāua. Ua kūʻai mākou i kahi VM, hana pū me ia, luku a kūʻai hou aku i 10. ʻAʻole mākou e kūʻai i nā lako, akā ʻike mākou he pono ia ma kahi. I kou hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi waihona i loko o kāu ʻoihana ʻoihana, ua hoʻokomo paha ʻoe iā ia i loko o kahi pahu i loko o ka lumi kikowaena. No laila, hāʻawi nā mea ʻenehana ʻenehana iā ʻoe i kahi ʻāpana o kā lākou lumi kikowaena no ka hoʻolimalima, ʻo ka nui wale nō. ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo DPC (ke kikowaena hana ʻikepili). He mau paʻi nui kēia e kokoke ana i ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Hana ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana ma kahi kokoke i kēlā mau wahi i hiki ke lilo i kumu hoʻomaha kūlohelohe ma kahi liʻiliʻi o ka makahiki, akā hiki ke kūkulu ʻia kekahi mau ʻelele ma ka wao nahele ʻo Nevada. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka mea hoʻolako e hoʻonoho i nā haneli he nui i loko o kahi hangar colossal, hopohopo pū ʻo ia e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wela (ke ʻike mau nei lākou ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kamepiula a overheated?), E pili ana i ka palekana o kāu ʻikepili, ma mua o ke kino. pae, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke komo i loko o ke kikowaena ʻikepili me ke kānāwai ʻole e hana? I ka manawa like, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻikepili i loko o kahi kikowaena data ma waena o nā mea hoʻolako like ʻole; hana kekahi i nā moʻolelo puʻupuʻu ma waena o nā kikowaena ʻikepili like ʻole, a ʻo kekahi e mālama paʻa iā lākou i hoʻokahi.
3.2. Nā ao i kēia manawa a i ka nānā ʻana. Nā mea hoʻolako
Ma keʻano laulā, inā ʻoe e ʻeli i ka mōʻaukala, ʻo nā koi mua no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā paepae kapuaʻi o kēia lā ua hoʻi i ka waena o 70s o ke kenekulia i hala, i ka wā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka prototype Internet ARPANET. A laila ʻo ka kamaʻilio ʻana e hiki i nā kānaka ke loaʻa nā lawelawe āpau ma o ka pūnaewele. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua kūpaʻa nā kahawai a ʻoi aʻe a liʻiliʻi paha ka laulā, a i ka makahiki 1999 ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻōnaehana CRM pāʻoihana mua, i hāʻawi wale ʻia ma ke kau inoa ʻana a ʻo ia ka SaaS mua, nā kope o ia mea i mālama ʻia i kahi kikowaena data hoʻokahi. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻokaʻawale ka hui i kekahi mau māhele e hāʻawi iā PaaS ma ke kau inoa, me ka hihia kūikawā BDaaS (data base as a service). kahi e hiki ai i ka mea hoʻohana ke hana i kā lākou mau mīkini virtual, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke au o nā ʻenehana ao nui.
I kēia manawa he mea maʻamau ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā mea nui ʻekolu (ʻoiai ʻike wau i nā mea nui ʻehā i ka hapalua makahiki): nā lawelawe pūnaewele Amazon, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform ... Yandex Cloud. He mea maikaʻi loa ia no ka mea hope, no ka mea, i ka wā e pahū koke ai nā hoa aloha i ke kahua honua, holo ka haʻaheo kūikawā ma ka ʻili.
Nui nō hoʻi nā hui, no ka laʻana ʻo Oracle a i ʻole Alibaba, i loaʻa i kā lākou mau ao ponoʻī, akā ma muli o kekahi mau kūlana ʻaʻole kaulana lākou i waena o nā mea hoʻohana. A ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā mea hoʻokipa, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea hoʻolako e hāʻawi ana i nā hoʻonā PaaS a i ʻole SaaS.
3.3. Kumukuai a me na haawina
ʻAʻole wau e noʻonoʻo nui i ke kulekele kumukūʻai o nā mea hoʻolako, no ka mea inā ʻaʻole e wehe ʻia ka hoʻolaha. Makemake au e hoʻomaopopo i ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā hui nui āpau i nā haʻawina mai $200 a i $700 no hoʻokahi makahiki a i ʻole nā manawa pōkole i hiki iā ʻoe, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohana, ke ʻike i ka mana o kā lākou hoʻonā a hoʻomaopopo i ka mea āu e pono ai.
Eia kekahi,ʻo nā hui a pau mai nā mea nuiʻekolu ... a iʻole nā meaʻehā e kokoke ana ... e hāʻawi i ka manawa e hui pū ai i nā hui o nā hoa, e alakaʻi i nā seminar a me ke aʻoʻana, e hāʻawi i ka hōʻoia a me nā pono no kā lākou huahana.
Source: www.habr.com