ʻAʻole ʻo Hedy Lamarr wale nō ka mea mua i hoʻokani i ka ʻōlohelohe i loko o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni a hoʻopunipuni i ka orgasm ma ka pahupaʻikiʻi, akā ua hana ʻo ia i kahi ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio lekiō me ka pale ʻana i ka interception.
Manaʻo wau ʻoi aku ka hoihoi o ka lolo ma mua o ko lākou helehelena.
- wahi a Hollywood mea hana a me ka mea hoʻokumu ʻo Hedy Lamarr ma 1990, 10 mau makahiki ma mua o kona make ʻana.
ʻO Hedy Lamarr kahi mea hana hoʻohiwahiwa o nā makahiki he 40 o ke kenekulia i hala, i ʻike ʻia e ka honua ʻaʻole wale ma muli o kona helehelena nani a me kāna ʻoihana hana kūleʻa, akā no kona mau mana akamai maoli.
ʻO Hedy, huikau pinepine i nā kiʻi me kekahi nani cinematic 20th century, ʻo Vivien Leigh (Scarlett, Gone with the Wind), hāʻawi i ka honua i ka mana o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā kamaʻilio spectrum (e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻohana i nā kelepona paʻa a me Wi-Fi i kēia lā).
ʻO Vivien Leigh lāua ʻo Hedy Lamarr
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ke ola a me ka ʻoihana o kēia wahine koʻikoʻi, akā i ka manawa hoʻokahi hoihoi a kupaianaha.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Hedy Lamarr, ʻo Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler, i ka lā 9 o Nowemapa, 1914 ma Vienna, Austria, i loko o ka ʻohana Iudaio o ka mea hoʻokani piano ʻo Gertrud Lichtwitz a me ka luna panakō ʻo Emil Kiesler. No Budapest kona makuahine, a ʻo kona makuakāne no ka ʻohana Iudaio e noho ana ma Lviv.
Mai ka wā kamaliʻi, ua hoʻopio ke kaikamahine i nā mea a pau me kona mau akamai a me kāna kālena. Ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka ballet, hele i ke kula keaka, hoʻokani i ka piano, a ʻo ke kaikamahine liʻiliʻi hoʻi i aʻo i ka makemakika. Ma muli o ka waiwai o ka ʻohana, ʻaʻohe pono e hana i ka wā ʻōpiopio, akā naʻe, haʻalele ʻo Hedy i ka home o kona mau mākua i ka makahiki 16 a komo i ke kula hana keaka. I ka manawa like, i ka makahiki 17, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, e hoʻomaka ana i ka makahiki 1930 ma ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni Kelemania "Girls in a Nightclub." Ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna ʻoihana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, e hana ana ma nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni Kelemania a me Czechoslovakian.
Ua kūleʻa loa ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna ʻoihana, akā i loko o nā makahiki ʻekolu e hiki mai ana, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea he nui; ʻo ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni Czechoslovak-Austrian "Ecstasy" na Gustav Machaty i lawe mai iā ia i kaulana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni no 1933 he mea hoʻonāukiuki a hoʻopaʻapaʻa.
ʻO ke ʻano he ʻumi mau minuke o ka ʻauʻau ʻana i loko o ka loko o ka ululāʻau he hala ʻole e nā kūlana o ke kenekulia XNUMX, akā i kēlā mau makahiki ua hoʻoulu ʻia ka ʻino o nā manaʻo. I kekahi mau ʻāina, ua pāpā ʻia ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni mai ka hōʻike ʻana, a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai me ka censorship.
ʻO Hedy Lamarr ma ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni Ecstasy, 1933
ʻO ka hype a puni ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka huhū huhū ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka halepule i pāʻani i ka lima o ka mea hana keaka, no ka mea ua lilo ʻo ia i kaulana. I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ka hōʻino ma muli o ka ʻōlohelohe ponoʻī, akā ma ke ʻano o ka orgasm simulated mua i ka mōʻaukala kiʻiʻoniʻoni, hoʻokani ʻia e kahi kaikamahine, i hoʻoulu ai i nā manaʻo. Ma hope mai, ua ʻōlelo ka mea hana keaka, ua kui ʻia ke alakaʻi iā ia me kahi pine palekana i ka wā o ke kiʻi ʻana i kahi hiʻohiʻona erotic i ʻike ʻia nā leo i hana ʻia.
Ma hope o ke kiʻi hōʻino, ua hoʻoikaika nā mākua e hoʻopaʻa koke i kā lāua kaikamahine. ʻO ke kāne mua a Hedy ʻo Austrian Fritz Mandl, he mea hana lima miliona i kākoʻo i nā Nazis a hana i nā mea kaua no ka Third Reich. ʻOiai ʻo ia e hele pū ana me kāna kāne i nā hālāwai a me nā ʻaha kūkā, ua hoʻolohe pono ʻo Hedy a hoʻomanaʻo i nā mea a pau a nā kāne i ʻōlelo ai - a ʻo kā lākou kamaʻilio ʻana i kēlā manawa he mea hoihoi loa, no ka mea, ke hana nei nā hale hana hana Mandl i ka hana ʻana i nā mea kaua radio-controlled no nā Nazis. Akā ʻo kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo "pana" ma hope.
Ua lilo ke kāne i mea nona ka weliweli, a ua lili pū ʻo ia i nā mea a pau āna i hālāwai ai. Ua hoʻopau ʻia me ka paʻa maoli ʻana o ka wahine ʻōpio i loko o kāna "hale gula", ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a laila hui wale me nā hoaaloha. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e kūʻai i nā kope āpau o "Ecstasy" mai ka hoʻolimalima Viennese. ʻEhā makahiki ka male ʻana o ka moeʻuhane, akā, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻomanawanui i kēlā ʻano ʻano iā ia iho, ʻo ka wahine hauʻoli ʻole o kahi mea hana mea kaua waiwai a ikaika i ke aumoe, ua hāʻawi mua ʻo ia i nā lāʻau moe wahine a hoʻokomo i kona kapa, pakele. mai ka hale mai ma luna o ka paikikala a kau i ka mokuahi Normandy.
Ua neʻe ʻo ia i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka pō o ke Kaua Honua II a, ma luna o kahi moku e holo ana mai Ladana a New York, ua hālāwai ʻo ia me ke poʻo o ka studio MGM (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer), ʻo Louis Mayer. Ua'ōlelo ikiʻo Lamarr i ka'ōlelo Pelekānia, he mea maikaʻi ia, no ka mea, ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaʻa inoa i kahiʻaelike waiwai e hoʻokani i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni Hollywood.
I ʻole e hoʻokau i nā hui pono ʻole i waena o ka lehulehu puritanical ʻAmelika, lawe ʻo ia i kahi pseudonym, e hōʻaiʻē mai ka mea hoʻokani MGM ʻo Barbara La Marr, ka mea punahele mua a Meyer, i make i ka makahiki 1926 mai ka puʻuwai ʻeha ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Ke holomua nei ka pae hou o kāna ʻoihana. I ka wā o kāna hana ma Hollywood, ua pāʻani ka mea hana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni kaulana e like me "Algiers" (1938, ke kuleana o Gabi), "Lady in the Tropics" (1939, ke kuleana o Manon de Vernet), a me ke kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni a J. ʻO Steinbeckʻo "Tortilla Flat" (1942, alakaʻi Victor Fleming, ke kuleana o Dolores Ramirez), "Risky Experiment" (1944), "Strange Woman" (1946) a me Cecil de Mille's epic film "Samson and Delilah" (1949). ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hope loa ma ka pale ma ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni "The Female Animal" (1958, ke kuleana o Vanessa Windsor).
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i loko o kēia manawa ua lilo ʻo Lamarr i makuahine o nā keiki ʻekolu, ʻaʻole ia i keakea i kāna mau hana hana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, kūʻē kēia ʻike i nā kumu like ʻole, no ka mea ʻaʻole paha he keiki ponoʻī kekahi keiki.
Ua haʻalele ʻo Hedy iā Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer i ka makahiki 1945. Ma ka huina, ua loaʻa iā Hedy Lamarr he $30 miliona mai ke kiʻi ʻana.
Ua loaʻa i ka uʻi Viennese ke ola ma Beverly Hills a ua ʻimi i nā kuʻekuʻe lima me nā poʻe kaulana e like me John F. Kennedy lāua ʻo Howard Hughes, nāna i hāʻawi iā ia i nā mea hana e hoʻokō ai i nā hoʻokolohua i kāna kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka wā ʻaʻole ia e paʻi kiʻi ana. Ma loko o kēia ʻepekema ʻepekema i ʻike ai ʻo Lamarr i kona kāhea maoli.
He wahine aloha ʻo Hedy Lamarr, manaʻoʻiʻo i ka mea hou. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha i ka hoʻohui ʻana i kāna mau hoa kāne kānāwai, a ʻeono o lākou i loko o kona ola, he nui nā mea aloha a ka mea hana.
ʻElua mau makahiki ma hope o ka pakele ʻana mai kāna kāne mua, ua mare hou ʻo Lamarr. ʻO ke kāne lua ka mea kākau kiʻi a me ka mea hana ʻo Gene Macri, aloha ʻo ia i kāna wahine me ka pupule, akā ʻaʻole aloha ʻo Hedy iā ia. ʻOiai he kāne aloha kāna, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kahi pilina me ka mea hana keaka ʻo John Lauder a hānau pū me ia i kahi keiki (e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o kekahi mau kumu). Ua ʻae ʻo Macri e ʻae i ke keiki a Hedi no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke noʻonoʻo i kona ola me ka ʻole o kēia wahine nani. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ʻelua mau makahiki, ua haʻalele ʻo ia, a ua hoʻomaka ʻo Lamarr e noho me ka makuakāne o kāna keiki, ʻo John Loder, a ua hoʻomaka koke lākou i kā lāua pilina.
ʻO ke kolu o ka male ʻana o ka mea hana keaka he 4 mau makahiki. I loko o ia manawa, ua hānau ʻo ia iā Loder ʻelua mau keiki: he keikikāne a he kaikamahine. A i ka makahiki 1947 ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kona makemake e hemo. Ma hope mai, ʻekolu mau male maʻamau i ukali ʻia: me ka hale ʻaina a me ka mea hoʻokani ʻo Teddy Stouffer (1951-1952), ʻo William Howard Lee (1953-1960) a me ka loio ʻo Lewis Boyes (1963-1965). .
E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ʻaʻole hauʻoli loa ka hopena o Hedy Lamarr. ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā ia ka hauʻoli o nā male ʻeono. ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa ka pilina me nā keiki ʻekolu.
Ua kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo "ka wahine maikaʻi loa i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni", ʻo ka nani a me ka pale o Hedy Lamarr i hoʻolilo iā ia i kekahi o nā mea hana keaka kaulana loa o kona manawa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua kaulana ʻo Lamarr i kāna hana hana, akā ʻo kāna hana ʻepekema i lawe mai iā ia i ka make ʻole maoli.
Me he mea lā ʻaʻole lawa ka nani a me ke akamai, ʻo Hedy nō hoʻi ke akamai a me ka noʻonoʻo. Ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻo ia i ka makemakika, a ma muli o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o kāna kāne mua, ua mākaukau ʻo ia i nā mea kaua.
Ua hoʻoulu ʻia kona mau mana a me kā lākou noi ʻana e kahi hui me ka haku mele avant-garde a me ka mea hoʻokumu ʻo George Antheil. Ma hope o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ka mea hana keaka i kekahi lā, ua ʻike ʻo ia ua ʻoi aku ka naʻauao o kāna kamaʻilio ma mua o kona ʻano.
Ua mahalo ʻo Lamarr i ke ʻano o kāna hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kani a me nā hoʻonohonoho ʻē aʻe i kāna mele a makemake ʻo ia i ka tinker a me ka noʻonoʻo nui, e like me kāna hana. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia ʻo Hedy e kāna ʻano hoʻohana ʻana i nā lipine punched he nui no ka piano mechanical, e ʻae ana e hoʻololi ʻia ka pāʻani mai kahi mea kani ai kekahi me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke mele (ʻoiaʻiʻo, "me ka ʻole o ka nalo ʻana i hoʻokahi pahu"). Ma hope mai, ua hoʻopaneʻe maikaʻi lākou i ka ʻenehana akamai o pseudo-random frequency hopping (PRFC), e hoʻokomo ana i ka manaʻo i ʻōlelo ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lipine pepa punched e pale aku i nā nalu lekiō mai ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. E like me ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana o nā lipine i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hōʻoia i ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā mele i hoʻokani ʻia ma nā piano like ʻole, e hoʻololi ka lekiō mai kahi ala a i kekahi.
Ua lilo kēia manaʻo i kumu nui o nā kamaʻilio pūʻali koa palekana a me ka ʻenehana kelepona paʻalima. I ʻAukake i ka makahiki 1942, ua loaʻa iā ia a me ka haku mele ʻo George Antheil ka helu patent 2, "Secret Communication System," e ʻae ana i ka mana mamao o nā torpedoes. Ua mahalo ʻia ka waiwai o ka ʻenehana hopping frequency i nā makahiki he nui ma hope. ʻO ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka mea i hana ʻia he ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka moku hoʻokuʻu ʻia i hoʻoiho ʻia i ka lā 292 Kepakemapa 387, kahi i make ai nā keiki he 17. ʻO kāna mau mana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻepekema pololei i hiki iā ia ke hana hou i nā kikoʻī loea o nā kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā mea kaua a kāna kāne mua me kāna mau hoa hana.
Me George, ua hoʻomaka lākou e hana i kahi torpedo radio-controlled, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mana o ia mea. Ua haʻi ʻo Lamarr i kahi manaʻo koʻikoʻi me Antheil: inā e kamaʻilio mamao ʻoe i nā koina o kahi pahu hopu i kahi torpedo i hoʻomalu ʻia i hoʻokahi alapine, a laila hiki i ka ʻenemi ke hoʻopaʻa maʻalahi i ka hōʻailona, hoʻopaʻa iā ia a hoʻihoʻi hou i ka torpedo i kahi pahuhopu ʻē aʻe, a inā ʻoe e hoʻohana code random ma ka transmitter e hoʻololi i ke ala hoʻouna, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke synchronize i nā hoʻololi alapine like ma ka mea hoʻokipa. ʻO kēia hoʻololi o nā ala kamaʻilio e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hoʻoili paʻa ʻana o ka ʻike. A hiki i kēlā manawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā code pseudo-random e hoʻopili i ka ʻike i hoʻouna ʻia ma luna o nā kaila kamaʻilio wehe ʻole. Eia kahi neʻe i mua: ua hoʻomaka ke kī huna e hoʻololi koke i nā ala hoʻouna ʻike.
Hoʻolālā mai kahi patent 1942. Kiʻi: Flickr / Papa, laikini ʻia ma lalo o CC BY-SA 2.0. (He kiʻi mai ka patent 1942. Kiʻi: Flickr/Floor, i māhele ʻia ma lalo o ka laikini CC BY-SA 2.0.)
ʻO ka manaʻo mua, i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka ʻenemi i nā missiles i hoʻokele ʻia e ka lekiō i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II, pili i ka hoʻololi like ʻana i nā alapine lekiō e pale aku i nā ʻenemi mai ka ʻike ʻana i ka hōʻailona. Ua makemake ʻo ia e hāʻawi i kona ʻāina i ka waiwai koa. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻenehana o ka manawa i pale mua i ka manaʻo mai ka hoʻokō ʻia ʻana, ʻo ka hiki ʻana mai o ka transistor a me kona hōʻemi hope ʻana i mea nui loa ka manaʻo o Hedy no nā kamaʻilio pūʻali koa a me nā kelepona.
Eia naʻe, ua hōʻole ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka papahana ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻokō ʻana, a ua hoʻomaka wale ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia i ka makahiki 1962, no laila ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka poʻe inventors nā uku no ia. Akā he hapalua haneli ma hope mai, ua lilo kēia patent i kumu no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā kamaʻilio spectrum, i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia lā i nā mea āpau mai nā kelepona kelepona a i Wi-Fi.
"He mea maʻalahi iaʻu e noʻonoʻo," wahi a Lamarr ma "Bombshell." "ʻAʻole pono iaʻu e noʻonoʻo i nā manaʻo, hele mai lākou iaʻu."
Akā, e like me kahi palapala hou e pili ana i kona ola, ʻo ka noʻonoʻo ʻenehana kāna hoʻoilina nui loa. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Bombshell: The Hedy Lamarr Story. Hōʻike ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka patent Lamarr i waiho ʻia no ka ʻenehana hopping pinepine i ka makahiki 1941, kahi mea mua e hoʻopaʻa i ka Wi-Fi, GPS a me Bluetooth. ʻO ka frequency hopping spectrum kekahi o nā mea nui o ka Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻenehana he nui a mākou e hoʻohana nei i kēia mau lā. ʻO kekahi o nā mea mua ʻo GPS, āu e hoʻohana ai i kēlā me kēia manawa āu e nānā ai i kou wahi ma kahi palapala palapala ma kāu kelepona. Ua hoʻohana pū nā kelepona paʻalima i ka CDMA no nā hōʻailona kelepona, a inā ua hoʻoiho ʻoe i kekahi mea ma kahi pūnaewele 3G, ua hoʻohana ʻoe i ka ʻenehana ma muli o nā mea i hana ʻia e Lamarr a me Antheil. ʻO ka ʻenehana hopping pinepine a puni mākou, he maʻalahi ke lawe wale ʻia, akā pono ka mea i hoʻohiwahiwa a mahalo ʻia no ka noʻonoʻo a me ka noʻonoʻo.
Akā naʻe,ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā Lamarr ka kaulana a me ka uku i kūpono iā ia no kāna mau manaʻo. ʻO ka patent, āna i waiho ai me ka mea hoʻokumu ʻo George Antheil, ua ʻimi ʻo ia e pale i kā lākou pūʻali koa no nā kamaʻilio lekiō e hiki ke "hop" mai kekahi alapine i kekahi e pale aku i ka Nazis mai ka ʻike ʻana i nā torpedoes Allied. A hiki i kēia lā, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā Lamarr a me kāna waiwai i kahi peni mai ka ʻoihana multibillion-dollar kahi i hoʻolalelale ai kona manaʻo i ke ala, ʻoiai ua hōʻike ākea ka pūʻali koa US i kāna mau hopping patent a me nā haʻawina i ka ʻenehana.
ʻAʻole i hoʻolaha nui ʻia ka hana a Lamarr ma ke ʻano he mea hana i nā makahiki 1940. He manaʻo koʻikoʻi ʻo ka luna Bombshell a me ka mea hoʻokumu ʻo Reframed Pictures ʻo Alexandra Dean i manaʻo e kūpono i ka moʻolelo haiki o ka hōkū kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kēlā mau lā.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Professor Jan-Christopher Horak, ka luna o ka UCLA Film and Television Archives, ma Bombshell, ʻo ka luna studio MGM ʻo Louis B. Mayer, ka mea i hoʻopaʻa inoa mua iā Lamarr i kahi ʻaelike Hollywood, ua ʻike i nā wahine i wehewehe ʻia i ʻelua ʻano: a i ʻole e kau ʻia ma luna o kahi paepae a mahalo ʻia mai kahi mamao aku. Manaʻo ʻo Polofesa Horak ʻaʻole ʻo ka wahine ʻoluʻolu a ʻono ka mea a Mayer i makemake ai e ʻae a hōʻike aku paha i ka lehulehu.
ʻO kēia hoʻokō ʻenehana kupaianaha, i hui pū ʻia me kāna talena hana a me ka maikaʻi o ka hōkū, ua hana ʻo "wahine nani loa i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni" kekahi o nā wahine hoihoi a naʻauao i ka ʻoihana kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
“Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Louis B. Mayer i ka honua i ʻelua mau ʻano wahine: ʻo ka Madonna a me ka wahine hoʻokamakama. ʻAʻole wau i manaʻo ua manaʻo ʻo ia he mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka hope, "wahi a Horak i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni, e pili ana iā Lamarr.
Ua ʻae ʻo Dr Simon Naik, ka luna o Branding ma ESSEC Business School ma Palisa a me kahi hoa ma mua o ke kula ʻo Harvard Business, ua ʻae ʻo Hollywood i nā wahine pigeonhole. Ua aʻo ʻo Kauka Naik i ka Power Brand Anthropology ma ESSEC a he loea i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā archetypes wahine ma ka hoʻolaha a me ka media.
Wahi a Dr. Naik, ua hoʻonoho ʻia nā wahine ma ke ʻano he ʻekolu archetypes: ʻo ke aliʻi wahine ikaika a naʻauao, ke aliʻi wahine hoʻopunipuni, a i ʻole ka femme fatale, ʻo ia ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea ʻelua. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e pili ana kēia archetypes i ka moʻolelo Helene a hoʻohana mau ʻia e kiʻi i nā wahine ma ka media a me ka hoʻolaha. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kauka Nick ʻo "femme fatale" kahi ʻāpana i komo i loko o ka mea hoʻohua nani a akamai ʻo Lamarr, a ʻike pinepine ʻia nā wahine multidimensional he mea weliweli loa.
"He wahine mana, ʻano, akā naʻauao ... He mea weliweli loa ia no ka hapa nui o nā kāne," wahi a Kauka Naik. "Ke hoike mai nei oe i ko makou nawaliwali."
Hoʻomaopopo ʻo Kauka Naik ma ka mōʻaukala, ua hoʻonoho ʻia nā wahine ma ka pāpaho i loko o nā kiʻi kahiko, hoʻokahi-dimensional i hana ʻia mai kahi hiʻohiʻona kāne. I loko o kēia hoʻolālā, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā wahine akamai e like me Lamarr no ko lākou kino ma mua o ko lākou hiki ke noʻonoʻo, hana a hana. Ke manaʻo ʻia nei kēia ʻike e pili ana i ke kino kīnā o nā wahine i ka lehulehu ākea a puni ka honua.
"Ua aneane like ke kūlana o nā wahine me nā mea pāʻani," wahi a Kauka Naik. “ʻAʻohe o lākou kuleana e koho balota. A ʻo ia ka pilikia. "
No laila, ʻaʻole kāhāhā ʻo Kauka Nick ʻaʻole i kākoʻo ʻia nā hana ʻoihana ʻoihana a Lamarr i ka hana ʻana a me ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni i nā makahiki 1940. A i ʻole he mau makahiki i hoʻomohala ʻia ka moʻolelo Lamar e hāʻawi iā ia i ka hōʻaiʻē e pono ai ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hana.
Ua haʻaheo ke kaikamahine a Lamarr, ʻo Denise Loder, i ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo o kona makuahine a me kāna hana i hana ai i kāna ʻoihana e hoʻoikaika i nā palena o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā wahine. Hoʻomaopopo ʻo ia ʻo kona makuahine kekahi o nā wahine mua i loaʻa kahi ʻoihana hana a haʻi i nā moʻolelo mai kahi hiʻohiʻona wahine.
"Ua ʻoi aku ʻo ia ma mua o kona manawa i lilo ai ʻo ia i wahine," wahi a Loder ma Bombshell.
(“Bombshell”). "ʻAʻole i kapa ʻia ʻo ia pēlā, akā ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia."
Ua lōʻihi ka manawa, akā ua ʻike nui ʻia ʻo Lamarr lāua ʻo Antheil ma ke ʻano he poʻe mea hana o ka hopping pinepine, kahi i alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Wi-Fi, Bluetooth a me GPS. I ka makahiki 1997, i ka makahiki 82 o Lamarr, ua hoʻohanohano ka Electronic Frontier Foundation iā ia me ʻelua mau makana hoʻokō.
ʻAʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻo Lamarr a ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻo ia ʻoi aku ka naʻauao ma mua o ka poʻe e puni ana iā ia. Akā, ʻo kona ʻano a me kona manaʻo i nā kūlana ola like ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Nīnau ʻo ia i nā nīnau. Ua makemake ʻo ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā mea. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā pilikia a ʻike pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia. Ua manaʻo kekahi poʻe i kona ola he ʻano hewa kēia, a ua hoʻohewa pinepine ʻia ʻo ia no kona lilo ʻana i hōkū paʻakikī. Akā ua hana ʻo Lamarr i kāna makemake, no laila ua lanakila ʻo ia. A pehea i lanakila ai? E like me kāna i ʻōlelo ai ma Popcorn in Paradise: Ua lanakila wau no ka mea ua aʻo wau i nā makahiki i hala aku nei ʻo ka mea makaʻu i ka nalowale kālā e nalowale mau ana. ʻAʻohe oʻu manaʻo, ʻo ia ke kumu i lanakila ai au.
Ua make ʻo ia i ʻekolu makahiki ma hope.
I ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hāʻawi ka Digital Entertainment Group, kahi hui ʻAmelika e kākoʻo ana a hoʻolaha i nā kahua hoʻolauleʻa, hāʻawi iā Geena Davis i ka Hedy Lamarr Award no ka hana hou i ka ʻoihana leʻaleʻa no kāna hana ma nā pilikia kāne a me ka media. Hoʻomaopopo ka makana i nā wahine i hana nui i nā ʻoihana ʻoliʻoli a me nā ʻenehana.
I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo Lamarr ke kumuhana o kahi Google Doodle.
No laila, inā e heluhelu ana ʻoe i kēia ma kāu kelepona, e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka wahine nāna i kōkua.
ʻO ko Hedy ʻano hoʻopaʻapaʻa a hoʻokaʻawale hoʻi i hoʻohālikelike iā ia me nā Hollywood āpau a hoʻolilo iā ia he persona non grata i nā pōʻai kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Ua pāʻani ʻo Lamarr i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a hiki i 1958, a ma hope iho ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻomaha lōʻihi. I kēia manawa, ua kākau pū ʻo ia i kāna autobiography, Ecstasy and Me, me ka mea kākau kiʻi ʻo Leo Guild a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Cy Rice. ʻO kēia puke, i paʻiʻia i ka makahiki 1966, he mea ia i ka hana a ka mea hana keaka.
Ua ʻōlelo ka hana ua loaʻa ke kaikamahine i ka nymphomania a moe pū me nā kāne a me nā wahine. ʻO kēia mau kikoʻī i hoʻohewa ʻia i waena o ka lehulehu Hollywood. Ua hōʻole ka mea hana i nā ʻāpana hōʻino a pau o ka puke, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana ua hoʻohui malū ʻia lākou e nā mea kākau, akā ma hope o ka hōʻino ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hāʻawi ʻia i nā hana hōkū.
Ma hope o kēia, ua ho'āʻo ka mea hana keaka 52 makahiki e hoʻi i ka pale, akā ua pale ʻia kēia e kahi hoʻolaha hoʻoweliweli i hoʻokumu ʻia iā ia. ʻO kāna ʻano hakakā, koʻikoʻi a me kāna maʻamau o ka hōʻike ākea ʻana i nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana iā Hollywood a me kāna mau moʻomeheu i hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻenemi koʻikoʻi a puni ka mea hana keaka.
I ka makahiki 1997, ua ho'ohanohano 'ia 'o Lamarr no kona 'ike 'ana, akā, 'a'ole i hele ka mea hana keaka i ka hui, akā ua ho'ouna wale 'o ia i kahi leo leo o kāna'ōlelo ho'okipa.
I kona wā ʻelemakule, ua noho kaʻawale ʻo Hedy a ʻaʻole i kamaʻilio pololei me kekahi, makemake ʻo ia i nā kamaʻilio kelepona.
Ma keʻano laulā, ʻaʻole hauʻoli loa nā makahiki hope o Hedy Lamarr, piha i nā hōʻino a me nā ʻōlelo ʻino, a me ka mehameha.
Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia iā lākou ma kahi hale hānai, kahi i make ai ʻo ia i ka makahiki 86.
Ua make ka mea hana keaka ma Casselberry, Florida ma Ianuali 19, 2000. ʻO ka maʻi puʻuwai ke kumu i make ai ʻo Lamarr. Wahi a ka palapala kauoha, ua hoʻopuehu ke keiki ʻo Anthony Loder i ka lehu o kona makuahine ma Austria, ma ka Vienna Woods.
ʻO ka pono o Hedy Lamarr lāua ʻo George Antheil i ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 2014 wale nō: ua hoʻokomo ʻia ko lākou mau inoa i ka US National Inventors Hall of Fame.
No kāna mau haʻawina a me kāna mau hana i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ua loaʻa iā Hedy Lamarr kahi hōkū ma ka Hollywood Walk of Fame.
A i ka lā hānau o ka mea hana keaka, Nowemapa 9, hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ka lā Inventor ma nā ʻāina ʻōlelo Kelemania.
Nā kumuhana:
Mahalo no kou noho pū ʻana me mākou. Makemake ʻoe i kā mākou ʻatikala? Makemake ʻoe e ʻike i nā mea hoihoi hou aʻe? E kākoʻo iā mākou ma ke kau ʻana i kahi kauoha a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo ʻana i nā hoaaloha, 30% ho'ēmi no nā mea hoʻohana Habr ma kahi kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa o nā kikowaena helu komo, i hana ʻia e mākou no ʻoe: (loaʻa me RAID1 a me RAID10, a hiki i 24 cores a hiki i 40GB DDR4).
ʻO Dell R730xd 2 mau manawa maʻalahi? Eia wale nō ma Netherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - mai $99! Heluhelu e pili ana
Source: www.habr.com