Loaʻa iaʻu kahi "home server" ma Linux i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope o koʻu kūʻai ʻana i kaʻu kamepiula. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki i hala mai ia manawa a ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia manawa ua loaʻa iaʻu kekahi ʻano kamepiula hou lua ma ka home. I kekahi lā, i ka manawa e hoʻohou ai, manaʻo wau: no ke aha e pono ai iaʻu i kahi alalai kaʻawale inā loaʻa iaʻu kahi kamepiula manuahi? Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i ka wā ma mua, i ka makahiki XNUMX, no ka nui o kēia ka hoʻonohonoho maʻamau.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: i kēia lā hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi mīkini virtual kaʻawale a hoʻokomo i kahi kāleka USB a i ʻole PCI Wi-Fi i loko. A ma ke ʻano he OS, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka MikroTik RouterOS i hoʻokahi hāʻule, e kiʻi ana i nā polokalamu ʻoihana ʻoihana no ke kālā liʻiliʻi.
komo
E wehewehe au i kaʻu mau pahuhopu a me kaʻu mau pahuhopu i ka manawa aʻu i hoʻomaka ai i ka papahana:
- Pono ka hui e like me ka nui o nā mea maʻamau maʻamau. ʻO kēia ke ʻano ʻaʻohe motherboards o nā nui ʻē aʻe ma mua o mATX / mini-ITX a me nā hihia haʻahaʻa i kūpono ʻole i nā kāleka piha piha.
- Pono ka nui o nā wahi no nā disks, akā ʻo nā hīnaʻi ponoʻī he 2.5"
- Pono ka modularity e alakaʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka manawa - ma hope o nā mea āpau, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kahi kāleka Wi-Fi o ka maʻamau 5 kahiko i 7
- Kākoʻo no ka liʻiliʻi o kekahi ʻano o ka mana mamao, i hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu e piʻi ʻole ai ka ʻōnaehana, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopili kino ʻana i ka monitor a me ka papa keyboard i kahi mea e kū kiʻekiʻe a mamao loa.
- Ke kūʻokoʻa piha i ke koho ʻana i kahi OS a me kā lākou kākoʻo no nā mea koʻikoʻi āpau i kēlā me kēia OS
- Hana kiʻekiʻe. Luhi i ka kali ʻana iā Deluge e "chew" .torrent i loko o nā kaukani faila, a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana i hiki ke hāʻule ka wikiwiki ma lalo o nā disks a i ʻole ka pilina pūnaewele.
- ʻO ka nani hiʻohiʻona a me ka hui maʻemaʻe
- Kiʻekiʻe compactness. ʻO ka nui kūpono he console pāʻani hou.
E aʻo koke wau iā ʻoe inā e manaʻoʻiʻo ʻoe ma lalo o ka ʻatikala e haʻi wau iā ʻoe pehea e hoʻopau ai i nā helu āpau, he naʻaupō ʻoe a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻai ʻana i ka Synology a i kahi wahi i ke ao.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole wau i ʻike i kekahi mea kūpono ʻole i kēlā ʻano hoʻonā, ʻo ia wale nō paha ʻaʻole wau i aʻo maikaʻi i ka noi holoʻokoʻa, a i ʻole no ka emi ʻana o ka mākeke no ka NAS i hui pū ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi a ma laila. ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana no kēia kumu, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai.
He wahi liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka polokalamu
Ua moloā loa wau i kēia mau lā a ʻaʻole wau i manaʻo e hoʻonohonoho iā KVM iaʻu iho, no laila ua hoʻoholo wau e hoʻāʻo a ʻike i ke ʻano o ka unRAID, ʻo LinusTechTips i hoʻolaha nui ʻia e like me kahi GUI maʻalahi no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana iā KVM a me ka polokalamu NAS maikaʻi. laulaha. No ka mea, ua moloā loa wau i ka ʻimi ʻana me ka mdadm, ua pepehi ʻo unRAID i ʻelua manu me ka pōhaku hoʻokahi.
Hōʻuluʻulu
Ka hale noho
Ma hope aʻe ua hiki mai ka ʻāpana paʻakikī o ka hui ʻana i kahi NAS homemade me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea maʻamau: ke koho ʻana i kahi hihia! E like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai, ua lōʻihi nā lā i hala nā hihia me ka puka ma hope o nā hīnaʻi me nā disks. A makemake nui au e hoʻohana i ka 2,5” ʻumikūmālima-milimeter Seagate drives (i ka manawa kākau, ʻo 5TB ka nui o ka mana). Hāmau lākou a lawe i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi. I kēia manawa, ua lawa ka 5TB iaʻu.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, makemake wau i kahi motherboard miniITX, no ka mea me he mea lā ua lawa ka slot hoʻonui.
Ua ʻike ʻia aia nā hihia paʻa, ka nui o kahi netbook, akā hoʻokahi wale nō wahi no 2,5 a me nā hihia "'ē aʻe", kahi i loaʻa ai he mau 3,5 o ka nui like. ʻAʻohe kumu waena wale nō. ʻOiai no ke kālā. Aia kekahi mea ma Ali, akā ua hoʻopau ʻia (E nānā mau iā Ali no nā mea maʻamau, i kekahi manawa ua hana mua nā Kina i nā mea āpau a hoʻokomo i loko o ka hana nui). Ma kahi hui liʻiliʻi aʻu i heluhelu ai e pili ana i ka SilverStone CS01B-HS, akā ʻaʻole i kūpono ke kumukūʻai i ka ʻāpana "budget". Luhi i ka ʻimi ʻana, ua kauoha au iā ia ma Amazon ma o Shipito, ka mea i hāʻule loa i ke kolu o nā kikoʻī ʻenehana.
Akā i kēia manawa ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hopohopo e pili ana i ke kālā!
Aʻo wau iā ʻoe e hana koke i kahi hiʻohiʻona 3D o ke kino o kāu Dream a hoʻohuli iā ia ma ka mīkini CNC mai ka alumini maoli. E ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o Silverstone, akā hoʻokahi kaukani manawa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. E kaʻana like ma Github ma hope!
unu lawelawe
ʻOiaʻiʻo, makemake wau e hoʻohana i ka AMD ma ke ʻano he kaʻina hana, ʻo 2019, loaʻa wale ia i ka poʻe ʻaʻole hohonu i loko. Akā, e ho'āʻo ana e hoʻopau i ka ʻanuʻu ʻehā "Kākoʻo mana mamao", ʻike wau iā Ryzen DASH wale nō mai AMD a maopopo iaʻu ma kēia hihia pono wau e koho iā Intel.
A laila, e like me nā mea a pau: Yandex.market, kānana, Google maʻalahi no nā pilikia o nā keiki a me ka hāʻawi manuahi ʻana i ka lā ʻapōpō i loko o ke alanui Ring Moscow.
Papa makuahine
No nā motherboards, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻokahi wale nō koho - Gigabyte GA-Q170TN.
ʻAʻohe oʻu manaʻo iki i ke kumu o ka x4 wale nō ka hoʻonui ʻana, akā inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻokomo i kahi kāleka pūnaewele ʻumi-gigabit ma laila, e lawa ka mālama ʻana (akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i kahi waihona hāʻawi i kēlā hana).
ʻO kekahi o nā pōmaikaʻi nui: ʻelua mau pahu miniPCI-E. Hoʻopuka ʻo MikroTik i kāna mau kāleka Wi-Fi āpau (a ʻo ia nā mea a mākou e pono ai, no ka mea, ʻo lākou wale nō ke kākoʻo ʻia ma RouterOS) ma ke ʻano miniPCI-E, a, ʻoi aku paha, e hoʻomau i ka hana no nā makahiki he nui. ʻO kēia kā lākou kūlana nui no nā kāleka hoʻonui. No ka laʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i kā lākou module a loaʻa maʻalahi ke kākoʻo no nā polokalamu LoRa.
ʻElua Ethernet, akā 1 Gbit. I ka makahiki 2017, ua hoʻopuka wau i kahi kānāwai e pāpā ana i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā motherboards me ka wikiwiki o Ethernet a hiki i 4 Gbit, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka manawa e hōʻiliʻili i ka helu i koi ʻia o nā pūlima e hala i ka kānana municipal.
Pā hōkū
Lawe mākou i ʻelua STDR5000200 ma ke ʻano he disks. No kekahi kumu ua ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka ST5000LM000 i laila. Ma hope o ke kūʻai ʻana, nānā mākou iā ia, wehe iā ia, lawe i ka ST5000LM000 a hoʻopili iā ia ma SATA. Inā loaʻa kahi hihia hōʻoia, hoʻihoʻi ʻoe iā ia a hoʻihoʻi mai, e loaʻa ana i kahi disk hou e hoʻololi (ʻaʻole wau e hoʻomākeʻaka, ua hana wau).
ʻAʻole au i hoʻohana i kahi NVMe SSD, i ka wā e hiki mai ana inā pono.
ʻO Intel, i kāna mau kuʻuna maikaʻi loa, ua hana hewa: ʻaʻole lawa ke kākoʻo i ka motherboard, pono pū ke kākoʻo vPro i ka papa hana, a e luhi ʻoe i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi papa hoʻohālikelike. Ma kekahi hana mana ua ʻike au he pono ʻoe i kahi i5-7500. Akā no ka mea ʻaʻohe palena o ka waihona kālā, haʻalele wau iaʻu iho.
ʻAʻole wau i ʻike i kekahi mea hoihoi i nā ʻāpana i koe; hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia me nā analogues, no laila eia kahi papaʻaina nui me nā kumukūʻai i ka manawa kūʻai:
Inoa
Ka helu o
kuai
lilo o
Koʻikoʻi DDR4 SO-DIMM 2400MHz PC4-19200 CL17 – 4Gb CT4G4SFS624A
2
1 259
2 518
Seagate STDR5000200
2
8 330
16 660
Pohaku Kalaiwa CS01B-HS
1
$159 + $17 (hoʻouna ʻia mai Amazon) + $80 (hoʻouna ʻia i Rusia) = $256
16 830
PCI-E kaohi Espada FG-EST14A-1-BU01
1
2 850
2 850
Hāʻawi mana SFX 300 W E mālie SFX POWER 2 BN226
1
4160
4160
Kingston SSD 240GB SUV500MS/240G {mSATA}
1
2 770
2 770
Intel Core i5 7500
1
10 000
10 000
GIGABYTE GA-Q170TN
1
9 720
9 720
MikroTik R11e-5HacT
1
3 588
3 588
Anania
3
358
1 074
pae laikini RouterOS 4
1
$45
2 925
unRAID laikini kumu
1
$59
3 835
Huina 66 rubles. Kuhi ʻekolu e pili ana i ka ʻāpana waiwai o ka nīnau ua luku ʻia i nā ʻāpana, akā hoʻomaʻamaʻa ia i ka ʻuhane i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki ai i kēia lako hana ke hana i ka hana.
Ua maʻalahi ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka polokalamu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, hiki iā ia ke hana pēlā: 95% hiki ke kaomi me ka ʻiole i hoʻokahi ahiahi. Hiki iaʻu ke wehewehe i kēia ma kahi ʻatikala ʻokoʻa inā he hoihoi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i kūpono nā mea a pau, akā ʻaʻohe pilikia hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole i maʻalahi ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea hoʻopili Ethernet uea ma RouterOS, no ka mea he liʻiliʻi loa kāna papa inoa o nā mea i kākoʻo ʻia.
Nā hopena ma hope o ka hele ʻana i ka palena i hoʻokahi haneli mau lā uptime
- ʻAʻole pono ʻo vPro no kēia kumu. Hoʻemi nui kēia i ke koho ʻana o nā motherboards a me nā kaʻina hana, a no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home e loaʻa iā ʻoe me kahi extender HDMI uila a me kahi kīwī uila. Ma ke ʻano he hopena hope loa (aia ke kikowaena ma ka haʻahaʻa ma lalo o kahi pā paʻa paʻa), e hoʻohana i kahi kaula hoʻonui pālua.
- 10 gigabits i pono i nehinei. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ka heluhelu ʻana o ka hard drive ma mua o 120 megabytes i kēlā me kēia kekona.
- Ua pau ka hale i ka hapaha o ka waihona kālā. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia.
- ʻOi aku ka pono o kahi kaʻina hana wikiwiki i kahi NAS/router ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia
- He polokalamu maikaʻi loa ka unRAID, loaʻa iā ia nā mea a pau āu e pono ai a ʻaʻohe mea āu e pono ai. Uku ʻoe i hoʻokahi manawa, inā makemake ʻoe i nā disks hou aku, noi wale lākou i ka ʻokoʻa o ke kumukūʻai o nā laikini.
Ua hoʻopuka kaʻu hap ac mua ma kahi o 20 megabits me ka VPN tunnel encryption i hiki. I kēia manawa ua lawa hoʻokahi kumu i5-7500 e hoʻopuka i kahi gigabit.
PS
Hauʻoli nui wau inā heluhelu ʻoe a hiki i ka hopena a ʻike ʻoe he hoihoi! E ʻoluʻolu e nīnau i nā nīnau inā maopopo ʻole kekahi mea. Ua poina paha au.
E pane koke wau i ka mea maopopo:
- No ke aha i kēia mau mea, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai wale iā Synology?
- ʻAe, a ke aʻo aku nei au iā ʻoe e hana pēlā. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka hilinaʻi. ʻO kēia ʻatikala no ka poʻe hoihoi i ʻike i ke kumu e pono ai lākou i nā hiʻohiʻona hou.
— No ke aha ʻaʻole ʻo FreeNAS, aia nā mea āpau i ka unRAID, akā no ka manuahi?
— Auwe, he okoa loa ke kumu hamama. Ua kākau ʻia ʻo FreeNAS e nā mea papahana like ma ka uku. A inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kā lākou hana no ka manuahi, a laila ʻo ʻoe ka huahana hope. A i ʻole e hoʻōki koke ka mea hoʻopukapuka kālā iā lākou.
— Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā mea āpau ma Linux maʻemaʻe a mālama mau i ke kālā!
- ʻAe. I kekahi manawa ua hana au i keia. Akā, no ke aha? ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka pūnaewele ma Linux he pilikia mau iaʻu. E waiho i ka Computer Janitors. A hoʻopau loa ʻo RouterOS i kēia papa o nā pilikia. Ua like ia me MD RAID: ʻoiai ʻo ka mdadm e pale iaʻu mai ka hana hewa ʻole, ua nalowale wau i ka ʻikepili. A ke pale wale ʻo unRAID iā ʻoe mai ke kaomi hewa ʻana. Eia hou, ʻaʻole pono kou manawa e hoʻopau i ka hoʻonohonoho lima ʻana i kahi waihona.
- Akā ua hoʻokomo ʻoe i ka Ubuntu maʻamau i ka mīkini virtual!
"ʻO ia ka mea i hoʻomaka ai." I kēia manawa, loaʻa iā ʻoe kāu AWS ponoʻī me ka wikiwiki o ka pili ʻana i kāu ʻōnaehana mālama, ka pūnaewele home a me ka Pūnaewele i ka manawa like, ʻaʻohe mea hiki ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe. Aia iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo i nā lawelawe e holo ai i kēia mīkini virtual.
- ʻAʻohe pilikia a ʻaʻohe Wi-Fi, ʻaʻohe Pūnaewele, a i ʻole ka waiho ʻana i loko o ka hale.
- Aia kahi alalai kaʻawale e waiho ana a puni no 1 rubles, akā ʻaʻohe mea e hele ma kahi o nā disks. I loko o kēia manawa a pau, koe wale nā disks a me nā mea hoʻoluʻu, ʻaʻohe mea i haki. ʻO kahi nettop maʻamau i hana 000/24 no aneane ʻumi makahiki a maikaʻi loa i kēia manawa. Ua ola ʻelua disc.
Hiki i nā mea hoʻohana i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ke komo i ka noiʻi. , e 'oluʻolu.
Pono au e kākau i kahi ʻāpana ʻelua e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho polokalamu?
-
60%ʻAe99
-
18.1%ʻAʻole wau hoihoi, akā kākau30
-
21.8%ʻAʻole pono36
165 mea hoʻohana i koho. Ua hōʻole nā mea hoʻohana 19.
Source: www.habr.com