В ua noʻonoʻo mākou i ka nīnau o "E hoʻohana anei mākou iā RAID ma SSD" me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hiʻohiʻona o Kingston drives, akā ua hana mākou i loko o ka pae zero. Ma ka ʻatikala o kēia manawa, e loiloi mākou i nā koho no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻoihana a me ka home NVMe solutions i nā ʻano kaulana loa o ka RAID arrays a kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono. me nā hoʻokele Kingston.
No ke aha ʻoe e pono ai iā RAID ma kahi SSD?
ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o ka SSD-based storage arrays ma luna o ka HDD storage arrays e loaʻa i nā manawa wikiwiki i ka ʻikepili ma ka drive a me ka hana heluhelu / kākau maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, pono kahi hana RAID e pili ana i ka SSD kūpono i kahi hui maikaʻi loa o ka kaʻina hana, cache, lako polokalamu, a me nā lako. Ke hana maikaʻi kēia mau mea āpau, hiki i kahi SSD RAID ke hoʻokō nui i kahi hoʻonohonoho hoʻohālikelike me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā HDD kuʻuna.
Hoʻohana ka SSD maʻamau i ka mana liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā HDD, no laila ke hoʻohui ʻoe i kahi helu nui o SSD i kahi pūʻulu RAID, hiki i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi pūʻulu HDD RAID hiki ke unuhi ʻia i nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa ma nā bila ikehu hui.
Eia nō naʻe, he mau palena a me nā hemahema ʻo SSD RAID, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o kēlā me kēia gigabyte o ka lewa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā pahu paʻakikī o ka hiki ke hoʻohālikelike. A ua kaupalena ʻia ka manawa ma waena o nā hemahema o ka hoʻomanaʻo flash i kekahi helu o nā pōʻai kākau hou. ʻO ia hoʻi, he ola lawelawe ka SSD drive, e hilinaʻi ana i ka hana: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike ma luna o ia mea, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka holo ʻana. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, loaʻa i nā SSDs ʻoihana kahi ola kūpono e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mīkini paʻakikī.
Pehea ka noho ʻana o Kingston SSDs i ke ʻano RAID me nā mea hoʻokele Broadcom
I nā lā mua o SSDs, nui nā nuances i nā hoʻolālā RAID. Hoʻopili ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā HDD ʻaʻohe hewa. ʻOi aku ka hilinaʻi o nā mea hoʻokele paʻa ma mua o ko lākou mau hoa pili i nā disk magnetic. E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ʻaʻohe wahi neʻe i nā hoʻonā SSD, no laila ua hoʻemi ʻia ka pōʻino mechanical i ka ʻole. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hemahema o nā kaʻa paʻa ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka mana, no ka mea ma ka pae o kahi PC home a me kekahi kikowaena, UPS, nā mea pale pale, a me kahi lako mana e pale aku iā ʻoe.
I ka manawa like, loaʻa i nā drive solid-state kahi mea nui ʻē aʻe: ʻoiai inā pau nā cell memory no ke kākau ʻana, hiki ke heluhelu ʻia ka ʻikepili mai ia mau mea, akā inā ua pōʻino ka disk magnetic, auwe.
I kēia lā, he hana maʻamau ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻonā SSD i nā arrays RAID o nā pae like ʻole. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ke koho ʻana i nā SSD kūpono, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka latency. A maikaʻi, e hoʻohana i nā SSD o ka mea hana like a me ke ʻano hoʻohālike i ʻole ʻoe e hoʻopau i kahi hodgepodge o nā drive e kākoʻo ana i nā ʻano ukana like ʻole a kūkulu ʻia ma ke kumu o nā ʻano hoʻomanaʻo like ʻole, nā mea hoʻokele a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ia, inā hoʻoholo mākou e kūʻai i ʻehā a i ʻole 16 NVMe SSDs mai Kingston e hana i kahi pūʻulu RAID, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi inā hele mai lākou a pau mai ka pūʻulu like a me ke ʻano hoʻohālike.
Ma ke ala, ma Ua haʻi mākou i nā mea hoʻokele Broadcom no kahi kumu i kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana iā NVMe SSD mai Kingston. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā manual no kēia mau mea hana e kuhikuhi koke i nā drive kūpono (me nā hoʻonā mai ka mea hana SSD ʻAmelika i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei), kahi e hana pono ai ka mea hoʻoponopono. Pono e hilinaʻi ʻia kēia ʻike i ke koho ʻana i kahi pūʻulu mana-SSD no RAID.
Hoʻopili mākou i ka hana a SSD Kingston i nā ʻano kaulana loa o RAID - "1", "5", "10", "50"
No laila, ʻaʻole hāʻawi ka pae "zero" RAID i ka redundancy data, akā hoʻonui wale i ka hana. ʻAʻole hāʻawi ʻo RAID 0 i kahi pale ʻikepili, no laila ʻaʻole mākou e noʻonoʻo i loko o ka ʻāpana hui. ʻO RAID 1, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hāʻawi i ka redundancy piha akā loaʻa nā hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a no laila pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia inā ʻaʻole i manaʻo nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hana i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi array SSD RAID.
RAID 1 e pili ana i Kingston SSDs a me Broadcom kaohi
No laila, ʻo ka pae mua RAID array e pili ana i ka Broadcom MegaRAID 9460-16i ka mea hoʻokele e hui pū mai ʻelua a 32 Kingston drive, ʻo ia nā kope o kēlā me kēia, a hāʻawi i ka redundancy piha. Inā i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā HDD kuʻuna, ua mau ka wikiwiki o ka kākau ʻana a me ka heluhelu ʻana i ka ʻikepili i ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia HDD ponoʻī, a laila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻonā NVMe SSD loaʻa iā mākou ka piʻi ʻana o ka hana. ʻOi aku ma ke ʻano o ka manawa komo ʻikepili. No ka laʻana, me ʻelua Kingston DC1000M U.2 NVMe SSDs i ka server RAID 1, loaʻa iā mākou he 350 heluhelu maʻamau IOPS a me 000 kākau IOPS.
Ma ke ʻano o ka wikiwiki heluhelu ʻana, e kūlike nā hopena i nā ʻano o ka drive - 3200 MB / s. Akā ʻoiai ʻo nā NVMe SSD ʻelua i ka hana hana, hiki ke heluhelu ʻia ka ʻikepili mai iā lākou i ka manawa like, e wikiwiki ana nā hana heluhelu. Akā ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka wikiwiki kākau (i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo 2000 MB / s), no ka mea, ua hana ʻia kēlā me kēia hana kākau ʻelua.
He kūpono ʻo RAID 1 no nā ʻikepili liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā kaiapuni ʻē aʻe e koi ai i ka hoʻomanawanui hewa akā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. He mea kōkua nui ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka drive i nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻihoʻi pōʻino (ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa iki ka hana) no ka mea e hāʻawi koke i ka "resuscitation" o nā ʻikepili koʻikoʻi inā hāʻule kekahi o nā drive i ka array. Akā, no ka mea e koi ana kēia pae o ka palekana i ka pālua ʻana i ka hiki ke mālama ʻia o ka ʻikepili i hoʻohālikelike ʻia (100 TB e koi i 200 TB o ka waiho ʻana), nui nā ʻōnaehana ʻoihana e hoʻohana i nā koho mālama waiwai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi: RAID 5 a me RAID 6.
RAID 5 e pili ana i Kingston SSDs a me Broadcom kaohi
No ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi papa RAID pae ʻelima, pono mākou i ʻekolu mau drive, ʻo ka ʻikepili i hoʻopili ʻia (i kākau ʻia i nā drive āpau i ka array), akā ʻaʻole i kope ʻia. I ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana iā lākou, pono e noʻonoʻo kekahi i kā lākou ʻano paʻakikī, no ka mea e ʻike ʻia kahi manaʻo e like me "checksum" (a i ʻole "parity"). ʻO kēia manaʻo ke ʻano o ka hana XOR algebraic logic (aka kūʻokoʻa "OR"), e kuhikuhi ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka liʻiliʻi o ʻekolu mau kaʻa i loko o ka laha (kiʻekiʻe - 32). I kēia hihia, kākau ʻia ka ʻike parity i nā "disks" āpau i ka array.
No kahi papa o ʻehā Kingston DC500R SATA SSDs me ka mana o 3,84 TB i kēlā me kēia, loaʻa iā mākou ka 11,52 TB o ka lewa a me 3,84 no nā checksums. A inā ʻoe e hui pū me 16 Kingston DC1000M U.2 NVMe drive me ka mana o 7,68 TB i kahi Level 115,2 RAID, e aʻo mākou i ka 7,68 TB me ka nalowale o 5 TB. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā drive, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hopena. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o nā drive ma RAID 0, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana kākau holoʻokoʻa. A hiki i ka heluhelu laina laina i ka pae o RAID XNUMX.
Hāʻawi kahi pūʻulu disk RAID 5 i ka throughput kiʻekiʻe (ʻoi loa no nā faila nui) a me ka redundancy me ka emi o ka mana. Ua kūpono kēia ʻano hui pūʻulu no nā ʻupena e hana ana i nā hana hoʻokomo/puka liʻiliʻi (I / O) i ka manawa like. Akā ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻohana iā ia no nā hana e koi ai i ka nui o nā hana kākau no nā poloka liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi paha.
Aia kekahi nuance hou aʻe: inā ʻaʻole i liʻiliʻi kekahi o nā drive NVMe, hele ʻo RAID 5 i ke ʻano degradation a hiki ke lilo i mea koʻikoʻi no ka ʻikepili āpau. Inā hāʻule kekahi kaʻa i ka laha, hoʻohana ka mea hoʻokele RAID i ka ʻike parity e hana hou i nā ʻikepili i nalowale.
RAID 10 e pili ana i Kingston SSDs a me Broadcom kaohi
No laila, hāʻawi ʻo RAID 0 iā mākou i ka piʻi pālua o ka wikiwiki a me ka manawa komo, a hāʻawi ʻo RAID 1 i ka hilinaʻi. Ma ke kūpono, e hui pū ʻia lākou, a eia ʻo RAID 10 (a i ʻole 1 + 0) hele mai e hoʻopakele. Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo "Ten" mai ʻehā SATA SSD a i ʻole NVMe drive (kiʻekiʻe - 32) a hōʻike i kahi ʻano o nā "mirror", ʻo ka helu o nā drive e pono mau i ka nui o ʻehā. Ua kākau ʻia ka ʻikepili i loko o kēia ʻano me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale poloka paʻa (e like me ka hihia o RAID 0) a me ka wehe ʻana i waena o nā drive, e hoʻolaha ana i nā kope ma nā "drives" i kahi array RAID 1. A me ka hiki ke komo i nā pūʻulu lehulehu ma ka ʻO ka manawa like, hōʻike ʻo RAID 10 i ka hana kiʻekiʻe.
No ka mea hiki iā RAID 10 ke wehe i ka ʻikepili ma waena o nā hui like ʻole, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke ʻae i ka hiki ʻole o hoʻokahi kaʻa i kahi pālua. Eia nō naʻe, inā hāʻule nā paʻi aniani ʻelua (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā ʻehā ʻehā) e nalowale ana ka ʻikepili. ʻO ka hopena, loaʻa iā mākou ka hoʻomanawanui a me ka hilinaʻi maikaʻi. Akā, e hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe, e like me RAID 1, hoʻohana ka ʻumi o ka pae i ka hapalua o ka nui o ka nui, a no laila he hopena kumukūʻai. A paʻakikī hoʻi e hoʻonohonoho.
Ua kūpono ʻo RAID 10 no ka hoʻohana ʻana me nā waihona ʻikepili e koi ana i ka 100% redundancy o nā pūʻulu diski aniani, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana I/O o RAID 0. ʻO ia ka hopena maikaʻi loa no nā waihona kikowaena waena a i ʻole kekahi ʻona e koi ai i ka hoʻomanawanui hewa kiʻekiʻe. ma mua o RAID 5.
RAID 50 e pili ana i Kingston SSDs a me Broadcom kaohi
ʻO kahi pūʻulu i hui pū ʻia e like me ka pae 5 RAID, ʻo ia ka pae kiʻekiʻe 50 i kūkulu ʻia mai nā papa kiʻekiʻe 5. E like me ka wā ma mua, ʻo ka pahuhopu nui o kēia pūʻulu ʻo ia ka hoʻokō pālua i ka hana me ka mālama ʻana i ka hilinaʻi ʻikepili i nā arrays RAID XNUMX. Ma ka manawa like, hāʻawi ʻo RAID XNUMX i ka hana kākau i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia a me ka pale ʻikepili ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka RAID XNUMX maʻamau i ka wā o ka holo kaʻa. , a hiki nō hoʻi iā ia ke hoʻihoʻi wikiwiki i ka hihia o ka hemahema o kekahi o nā drive.
Hoʻokaʻawale ka pūʻulu hoʻokele RAID 50 i ka ʻikepili i nā poloka liʻiliʻi a laila ʻokiʻoki iā ia ma kēlā me kēia pūʻulu RAID 5. ʻO ka pūʻulu hoʻokele RAID 5 hoʻi e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻikepili i nā poloka liʻiliʻi, e helu i ka parity, e hana i kahi hana logical OR ma nā poloka, a laila. hana i ka palapala poloka ikepili a me nā hana parity no kēlā me kēia disk i loko o ka pūʻulu disk.
A ʻoiai e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻole ʻia ka hana inā hāʻule kekahi o nā kaʻa, ʻaʻole ia he mea koʻikoʻi e like me ka RAID 5 array, no ka mea e pili ana kekahi hemahema i hoʻokahi o nā arrays, e waiho ana i ka hana holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i ka RAID 50 ke ola a hiki i ʻewalu HDD/SSD/NVMe drive hemahema inā hāʻule kēlā me kēia "disk" i kahi ʻāpana RAID 5 ʻokoʻa.
Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia ʻo RAID 50 no nā noi e koi ana i ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe a pono e hana i kahi helu kiʻekiʻe o nā noi me ka mālama ʻana i nā helu hoʻoili ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe a me nā kumukūʻai kaʻa haʻahaʻa ma mua o RAID 10. Eia naʻe, no ka mea e koi ʻia ka liʻiliʻi o ʻeono mau pahu e hoʻonohonoho i kahi array RAID 50. , 'a'ole ho'opau loa 'ia ke kumukū'ai ma ke 'ano he kumu. ʻO kahi hemahema o RAID 50 ʻo ia, e like me RAID 5, pono ia i kahi mea hoʻoponopono paʻakikī: e like me ma ka ʻatikala hope loa mai Broadcom.
He mea kūpono hoʻi e ʻike ʻia ʻo RAID 50 ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka disk space ma mua o RAID 5 ma muli o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā moʻolelo parity. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahi i hoʻohana ʻia ma mua o nā pae RAID ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka poʻe e hoʻohana ana i ka mirroring. Me ka palena liʻiliʻi o ʻeono mau kaʻa, hiki i ka RAID 50 ke koho i ke kumu kūʻai, akā ʻo ke kikowaena disk keu e hōʻoia i ke kumukūʻai ma ka pale ʻana i ka ʻikepili hui. Manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano o ka laha no ka ʻikepili e koi ana i ka hilinaʻi mālama kiʻekiʻe, nā noi noi kiʻekiʻe, nā uku hoʻololi kiʻekiʻe, a me ka hiki ke mālama nui.
RAID 6 a me RAID 60: ʻaʻole mākou i poina iā lākou
No ka mea, ua kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā ʻāpana o ka pae ʻelima a me kanalima, he hewa ia ʻaʻole e haʻi i nā ʻano o ka hui pū ʻana e like me RAID 6 a me RAID 60.
ʻO ka hana o RAID 6 e like me RAID 5, akā ma ʻaneʻi ma kahi o ʻelua mau drive i hāʻawi ʻia i ka parity, e hiki ai i ka array ke ola i ka hāʻule ʻole o nā pahu ʻelua me ka nalowale ʻole o ka ʻikepili (ma RAID 5, ʻaʻole makemake ʻia kēia kūlana). ʻO kēia ka hopena i ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe. Inā ʻaʻole, ua like nā mea a pau me ka pae ʻelima: i ka wā o ka hāʻule ʻole o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha disks, hoʻohana ka mea hoʻokele RAID i nā poloka parity e hana hou i nā ʻike āpau i nalowale. Inā hāʻule nā pahu ʻelua, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻihoʻi i ka manawa like: ʻo ka mua, hoʻāla hou ʻia ka pahu mua, a laila ka lua. No laila, hana ʻia ʻelua mau hana hoʻihoʻi data.
He mea maʻalahi ke koho inā ʻo RAID 50 kahi pae kiʻekiʻe 60 o nā pae kiʻekiʻe 6, a laila ʻo RAID 50 kahi pae kiʻekiʻe 8 o nā pae kiʻekiʻe 16 a mākou i kamaʻilio ai. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo kēia hui o ka waihona RAID e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ola i ka nalowale o ʻelua SSDs i kēlā me kēia pūʻulu o nā drive RAID XNUMX. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ka hana e like me ka mea a mākou i kamaʻilio ai ma ka ʻāpana RAID XNUMX, akā ʻo ka helu o nā hāʻule i kahi. hiki i ka pae XNUMX ke kū i ka ulu ʻana mai ka XNUMX a hiki i ka XNUMX drive. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ia mau arrays no ka lawelawe mea kūʻai aku ma ka pūnaewele, e koi ana i ka hoʻomanawanui hewa kiʻekiʻe.
E hōʻuluʻulu ana:
ʻOiai e hāʻawi ana ka mirroring i ka hoʻomanawanui hewa ma mua o RAID 50/60, pono nō hoʻi ka nui o ka manawa. Ma muli o ka pālua ʻana o ka nui o ka ʻikepili, loaʻa iā ʻoe he 50% wale nō o ka nui o ka mana o nā drive i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka kikowaena no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻike. ʻO ke koho ʻana ma waena o RAID 50/60 a me RAID 10 e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i nā waihona kālā i loaʻa, ka mana o ka server, a me kāu pono pale ʻikepili. Eia kekahi, hiki mai ke kumukūʻai i ka wā e kamaʻilio ai mākou e pili ana i nā hoʻonā SSD (ʻo ka hui ʻoihana a me nā mea kūʻai aku).
E like me ka mea nui, ʻike maopopo mākou ʻo SSD-based RAID kahi hopena palekana a he hana maʻamau no ka ʻoihana o kēia lā. Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home, aia kekahi kumu e hoʻololi ai iā NVMe, inā ʻae nā kālā. A inā he nīnau kāu, no ke aha e pono ai kēia mau mea a pau, e hoʻi i ka hoʻomaka o ka ʻatikala - ua pane mākou i nā kikoʻī.
Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kēia ʻatikala me ke kākoʻo o kā mākou mau hoa hana ma Broadcom, nāna e hāʻawi i kā lākou mau mea hoʻokele i nā ʻenekini Kingston no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana me nā drive SATA/SAS/NVMe papa hana. Mahalo i kēia symbiosis aloha, ʻaʻole pono nā mea kūʻai aku e kānalua i ka hilinaʻi a me ka paʻa o nā hoʻokele Kingston me ka HBA a me nā mea hoʻokele RAID mai ka hana ʻana. .
Hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā huahana Kingston ma pūaina.
Source: www.habr.com