ʻO Igor Sidorenko koʻu inoa, he alakaʻi ʻenehana wau i ka hui o nā mea hoʻokele e mālama i ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa o Domclick.

Makemake au e kaʻana like i koʻu ʻike i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka mālama ʻikepili i hāʻawi ʻia ma Elasticsearch. E nānā mākou i nā hoʻonohonoho ma nā nodes ke kuleana no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā shards, pehea ka hana a me ka hana ʻana o ILM.

ʻO ka poʻe e hana pū me nā lāʻau, i kekahi ala a i ʻole kekahi, ke kū nei i ka pilikia o ka mālama ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi no ka nānā ʻana ma hope. Ma Elasticsearch, he ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia, no ka mea, ua pōʻino nā mea āpau me ka hana curator. Hoʻokomo ka mana 6.6 i ka hana ILM. Aia i loko o 4 mau māhele:

• Wela - Ke hōʻano hou ʻia nei ka papa kuhikuhi a nīnau ʻia.
• Pumehana - ʻAʻole hōʻano hou ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi, akā ke nīnau ʻia nei.
• Anu - ʻAʻole hōʻano hou ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi a ʻaʻole i nīnau pinepine ʻia. Pono e ʻimi ʻia ka ʻike, akā lohi paha nā nīnau.
• Holoi - ʻAʻole pono ka papa kuhikuhi a hiki ke holoi pono ʻia.

Hāʻawi ʻia

• Elasticsearch Data Hot: 24 mau mea hana, 128 GB memo, 1,8 TB SSD RAID 10 (8 nodes).
• Pumehana ʻIkepili Elasticsearch: 24 mau mea hana, 64 GB hoʻomanaʻo, 8 TB NetApp SSD Kulekele (4 nodes).
• Elasticsearch Data Cold: 8 kaʻina hana, 32 GB memo, 128 TB HDD RAID 10 (4 nodes).

Holomua

Hoʻokahi kēia mau hoʻonohonoho, pili ia i ka wahi ma nā nodes, ka helu o nā indexes, logs, etc. Loaʻa iā mākou he 2-3 TB o ka ʻikepili i kēlā me kēia lā.

• 5 mau lā - ʻĀpana wela (8 nui / 1 kope).
• 20 lā - Māhele mahana (hōʻemi-index 4 nui / 1 kope).
• 90 lā - Māhele anu (hoʻopaʻa-index 4 nui / 1 kope).
• 120 mau lā - Holoi ka pae.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo Elasticsearch

No ka puʻunaue ʻana i nā ʻāpana ma nā nodes, pono ʻoe i hoʻokahi ʻāpana:

• Hot-nodes:

  ~]# cat /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml | grep attr
  # Add custom attributes to the node:
  node.attr.box_type: hot

• pumehana-nodes:

  ~]# cat /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml | grep attr
  # Add custom attributes to the node:
  node.attr.box_type: warm

• anu-nodes:

  ~]# cat /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml | grep attr
  # Add custom attributes to the node:
  node.attr.box_type: cold

Hoʻonohonoho i ka Logstash

Pehea e hana ai a pehea mākou i hoʻokō ai i kēia hiʻohiʻona? E hoʻomaka kākou ma ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau i loko o Elasticsearch. ʻElua ala:

1. Lawe ʻo Logstash i nā lāʻau mai Kafka. Hiki ke kiʻi maʻemaʻe a hoʻololi paha ma kou ʻaoʻao.
2. Ke kākau nei kekahi mea iā Elasticsearch, no ka laʻana, kahi kikowaena APM.

E noʻonoʻo i kahi laʻana o ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā kuhikuhi ma o Logstash. Hoʻokumu ia i kahi kuhikuhi a pili iā ia kumu kuhikuhi a pili ILM.

k8s-ingress.conf

input {
    kafka {
        bootstrap_servers => "node01, node02, node03"
        topics => ["ingress-k8s"]
        decorate_events => false
        codec => "json"
    }
}

filter {
    ruby {
        path => "/etc/logstash/conf.d/k8s-normalize.rb"
    }
    if [log] =~ "[warn]" or [log] =~ "[error]" or [log] =~ "[notice]" or [log] =~ "[alert]" {
        grok {
            match => { "log" => "%{DATA:[nginx][error][time]} [%{DATA:[nginx][error][level]}] %{NUMBER:[nginx][error][pid]}#%{NUMBER:[nginx][error][tid]}: *%{NUMBER:[nginx][error][connection_id]} %{DATA:[nginx][error][message]}, client: %{IPORHOST:[nginx][error][remote_ip]}, server: %{DATA:[nginx][error][server]}, request: "%{WORD:[nginx][error][method]} %{DATA:[nginx][error][url]} HTTP/%{NUMBER:[nginx][error][http_version]}", (?:upstream: "%{DATA:[nginx][error][upstream][proto]}://%{DATA:[nginx][error][upstream][host]}:%{DATA:[nginx][error][upstream][port]}/%{DATA:[nginx][error][upstream][url]}", )?host: "%{DATA:[nginx][error][host]}"(?:, referrer: "%{DATA:[nginx][error][referrer]}")?" }
            remove_field => "log"
        }
    }
    else {
        grok {
            match => { "log" => "%{IPORHOST:[nginx][access][host]} - [%{IPORHOST:[nginx][access][remote_ip]}] - %{DATA:[nginx][access][remote_user]} [%{HTTPDATE:[nginx][access][time]}] "%{WORD:[nginx][access][method]} %{DATA:[nginx][access][url]} HTTP/%{NUMBER:[nginx][access][http_version]}" %{NUMBER:[nginx][access][response_code]} %{NUMBER:[nginx][access][bytes_sent]} "%{DATA:[nginx][access][referrer]}" "%{DATA:[nginx][access][agent]}" %{NUMBER:[nginx][access][request_lenght]} %{NUMBER:[nginx][access][request_time]} [%{DATA:[nginx][access][upstream][name]}] (?:-|%{IPORHOST:[nginx][access][upstream][addr]}:%{NUMBER:[nginx][access][upstream][port]}) (?:-|%{NUMBER:[nginx][access][upstream][response_lenght]}) %{DATA:[nginx][access][upstream][response_time]} %{DATA:[nginx][access][upstream][status]} %{DATA:[nginx][access][request_id]}" }
            remove_field => "log"
        }
    }
}
output {
    elasticsearch {
        id => "k8s-ingress"
        hosts => ["node01", "node02", "node03", "node04", "node05", "node06", "node07", "node08"]
        manage_template => true # включаем управление шаблонами
        template_name => "k8s-ingress" # имя применяемого шаблона
        ilm_enabled => true # включаем управление ILM
        ilm_rollover_alias => "k8s-ingress" # alias для записи в индексы, должен быть уникальным
        ilm_pattern => "{now/d}-000001" # шаблон для создания индексов, может быть как "{now/d}-000001" так и "000001"
        ilm_policy => "k8s-ingress" # политика прикрепляемая к индексу
        index => "k8s-ingress-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" # название создаваемого индекса, может содержать %{+YYYY.MM.dd}, зависит от ilm_pattern
    }
}

Hoʻonohonoho Kibana

Aia kahi kumu kumu e pili ana i nā kuhikuhi kikoʻī hou a pau. Hoʻonohonoho ia i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā indexes wela, ka helu o nā shards, replicas, etc. Hoʻoholo ʻia ke kaumaha o ka template e ke koho order. ʻO nā templa me ke kaumaha ʻoi aʻe e hoʻopololei i nā ʻāpana template i loaʻa a i ʻole e hoʻohui i nā mea hou.

E kiʻi i ka _template/paʻamau

{
  "default" : {
    "order" : -1, # вес шаблона
    "version" : 1,
    "index_patterns" : [
      "*" # применяем ко всем индексам
    ],
    "settings" : {
      "index" : {
        "codec" : "best_compression", # уровень сжатия
        "routing" : {
          "allocation" : {
            "require" : {
              "box_type" : "hot" # распределяем только по горячим нодам
            },
            "total_shards_per_node" : "8" # максимальное количество шардов на ноду от одного индекса
          }
        },
        "refresh_interval" : "5s", # интервал обновления индекса
        "number_of_shards" : "8", # количество шардов
        "auto_expand_replicas" : "0-1", # количество реплик на ноду от одного индекса
        "number_of_replicas" : "1" # количество реплик
      }
    },
    "mappings" : {
      "_meta" : { },
      "_source" : { },
      "properties" : { }
    },
    "aliases" : { }
  }
}

A laila e hoʻopili i ka palapala ʻāina i nā kuhikuhi k8s-ingress-* me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka laʻana me ke kaumaha kiʻekiʻe.

E loaʻa iā _template/k8s-komo

{
  "k8s-ingress" : {
    "order" : 100,
    "index_patterns" : [
      "k8s-ingress-*"
    ],
    "settings" : {
      "index" : {
        "lifecycle" : {
          "name" : "k8s-ingress",
          "rollover_alias" : "k8s-ingress"
        },
        "codec" : "best_compression",
        "routing" : {
          "allocation" : {
            "require" : {
              "box_type" : "hot"
            }
          }
        },
        "number_of_shards" : "8",
        "number_of_replicas" : "1"
      }
    },
    "mappings" : {
      "numeric_detection" : false,
      "_meta" : { },
      "_source" : { },
      "dynamic_templates" : [
        {
          "all_fields" : {
            "mapping" : {
              "index" : false,
              "type" : "text"
            },
            "match" : "*"
          }
        }
      ],
      "date_detection" : false,
      "properties" : {
        "kubernetes" : {
          "type" : "object",
          "properties" : {
            "container_name" : {
              "type" : "keyword"
            },
            "container_hash" : {
              "index" : false,
              "type" : "keyword"
            },
            "host" : {
              "type" : "keyword"
            },
            "annotations" : {
              "type" : "object",
              "properties" : {
                "value" : {
                  "index" : false,
                  "type" : "text"
                },
                "key" : {
                  "index" : false,
                  "type" : "keyword"
                }
              }
            },
            "docker_id" : {
              "index" : false,
              "type" : "keyword"
            },
            "pod_id" : {
              "type" : "keyword"
            },
            "labels" : {
              "type" : "object",
              "properties" : {
                "value" : {
                  "type" : "keyword"
                },
                "key" : {
                  "type" : "keyword"
                }
              }
            },
            "namespace_name" : {
              "type" : "keyword"
            },
            "pod_name" : {
              "type" : "keyword"
            }
          }
        },
        "@timestamp" : {
          "type" : "date"
        },
        "nginx" : {
          "type" : "object",
          "properties" : {
            "access" : {
              "type" : "object",
              "properties" : {
                "agent" : {
                  "type" : "text"
                },
                "response_code" : {
                  "type" : "integer"
                },
                "upstream" : {
                  "type" : "object",
                  "properties" : {
                    "port" : {
                      "type" : "keyword"
                    },
                    "name" : {
                      "type" : "keyword"
                    },
                    "response_lenght" : {
                      "type" : "integer"
                    },
                    "response_time" : {
                      "index" : false,
                      "type" : "text"
                    },
                    "addr" : {
                      "type" : "keyword"
                    },
                    "status" : {
                      "index" : false,
                      "type" : "text"
                    }
                  }
                },
                "method" : {
                  "type" : "keyword"
                },
                "http_version" : {
                  "type" : "keyword"
                },
                "bytes_sent" : {
                  "type" : "integer"
                },
                "request_lenght" : {
                  "type" : "integer"
                },
                "url" : {
                  "type" : "text",
                  "fields" : {
                    "keyword" : {
                      "type" : "keyword"
                    }
                  }
                },
                "remote_user" : {
                  "type" : "text"
                },
                "referrer" : {
                  "type" : "text"
                },
                "remote_ip" : {
                  "type" : "ip"
                },
                "request_time" : {
                  "format" : "yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy/MM/dd||epoch_millis||dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z",
                  "type" : "date"
                },
                "host" : {
                  "type" : "keyword"
                },
                "time" : {
                  "format" : "yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy/MM/dd||epoch_millis||dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z",
                  "type" : "date"
                }
              }
            },
            "error" : {
              "type" : "object",
              "properties" : {
                "server" : {
                  "type" : "keyword"
                },
                "upstream" : {
                  "type" : "object",
                  "properties" : {
                    "port" : {
                      "type" : "keyword"
                    },
                    "proto" : {
                      "type" : "keyword"
                    },
                    "host" : {
                      "type" : "keyword"
                    },
                    "url" : {
                      "type" : "text",
                      "fields" : {
                        "keyword" : {
                          "type" : "keyword"
                        }
                      }
                    }
                  }
                },
                "method" : {
                  "type" : "keyword"
                },
                "level" : {
                  "type" : "keyword"
                },
                "http_version" : {
                  "type" : "keyword"
                },
                "pid" : {
                  "index" : false,
                  "type" : "integer"
                },
                "message" : {
                  "type" : "text"
                },
                "tid" : {
                  "index" : false,
                  "type" : "keyword"
                },
                "url" : {
                  "type" : "text",
                  "fields" : {
                    "keyword" : {
                      "type" : "keyword"
                    }
                  }
                },
                "referrer" : {
                  "type" : "text"
                },
                "remote_ip" : {
                  "type" : "ip"
                },
                "connection_id" : {
                  "index" : false,
                  "type" : "keyword"
                },
                "host" : {
                  "type" : "keyword"
                },
                "time" : {
                  "format" : "yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy/MM/dd||epoch_millis||dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z",
                  "type" : "date"
                }
              }
            }
          }
        },
        "log" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "@version" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "fields" : {
            "keyword" : {
              "ignore_above" : 256,
              "type" : "keyword"
            }
          }
        },
        "eventtime" : {
          "type" : "float"
        }
      }
    },
    "aliases" : { }
  }
}

Ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōkuhi āpau, hoʻohana mākou i ke kulekele ILM a hoʻomaka i ka nānā ʻana i ke ola o nā kuhikuhi.

E loaʻa iā _ilm/policy/k8s-ingress

{
  "k8s-ingress" : {
    "version" : 14,
    "modified_date" : "2020-06-11T10:27:01.448Z",
    "policy" : {
      "phases" : {
        "warm" : { # теплая фаза
          "min_age" : "5d", # срок жизни индекса после ротации до наступления теплой фазы
          "actions" : {
            "allocate" : {
              "include" : { },
              "exclude" : { },
              "require" : {
                "box_type" : "warm" # куда перемещаем индекс
              }
            },
            "shrink" : {
              "number_of_shards" : 4 # обрезание индексов, т.к. у нас 4 ноды
            }
          }
        },
        "cold" : { # холодная фаза
          "min_age" : "25d", # срок жизни индекса после ротации до наступления холодной фазы
          "actions" : {
            "allocate" : {
              "include" : { },
              "exclude" : { },
              "require" : {
                "box_type" : "cold" # куда перемещаем индекс
              }
            },
            "freeze" : { } # замораживаем для оптимизации
          }
        },
        "hot" : { # горячая фаза
          "min_age" : "0ms",
          "actions" : {
            "rollover" : {
              "max_size" : "50gb", # максимальный размер индекса до ротации (будет х2, т.к. есть 1 реплика)
              "max_age" : "1d" # максимальный срок жизни индекса до ротации
            },
            "set_priority" : {
              "priority" : 100
            }
          }
        },
        "delete" : { # фаза удаления
          "min_age" : "120d", # максимальный срок жизни после ротации перед удалением
          "actions" : {
            "delete" : { }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Nā pilikia

Aia nā pilikia ma ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho a me ka hoʻopau ʻana.

Hana wela

No ka hoʻololi pono ʻana o nā helu, he mea koʻikoʻi ka hele ʻana ma ka hopena index_name-date-000026 helu helu 000001. Aia nā laina i loko o ke code e nānā i nā kuhikuhi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻōlelo maʻamau no ka hiki ʻana o nā helu ma ka hopena. Inā ʻaʻole, e loaʻa kahi hewa, ʻaʻohe kulekele e hoʻopili ʻia i ka index, a e mau nō ia i ka wā wela.

Māhele mahana

Mokulaki (cutoff) — e hoemi ana i ka helu o na shards, no ka mea, he 4 node ko makou ma na mahele mehana a me ke anu.

• Pono e heluhelu wale ka papa kuhikuhi.
• Pono ke kope o kēlā me kēia shard i ka index ma ka node hoʻokahi.
• Pono e ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kūlana olakino puʻupuʻu.

No ka ʻoki ʻana i kahi index, hoʻoneʻe ʻo Elasticsearch i nā ʻāpana mua a pau i hoʻokahi node, hoʻopālua i ka ʻōlelo kuhikuhi i kālai ʻia me nā ʻāpana kūpono, a laila holoi i ka mea kahiko. ʻĀpana total_shards_per_node pono e like a oi aku paha ma mua o ka heluna o nā ʻāpana nui e hoʻokomo ai i hoʻokahi node. A i ʻole, e loaʻa nā leka a ʻaʻole e neʻe nā shards i nā nodes kūpono.

E kiʻi /shrink-k8s-ingress-2020.06.06-000025/_settings

{
  "shrink-k8s-ingress-2020.06.06-000025" : {
    "settings" : {
      "index" : {
        "refresh_interval" : "5s",
        "auto_expand_replicas" : "0-1",
        "blocks" : {
          "write" : "true"
        },
        "provided_name" : "shrink-k8s-ingress-2020.06.06-000025",
        "creation_date" : "1592225525569",
        "priority" : "100",
        "number_of_replicas" : "1",
        "uuid" : "psF4MiFGQRmi8EstYUQS4w",
        "version" : {
          "created" : "7060299",
          "upgraded" : "7060299"
        },
        "lifecycle" : {
          "name" : "k8s-ingress",
          "rollover_alias" : "k8s-ingress",
          "indexing_complete" : "true"
        },
        "codec" : "best_compression",
        "routing" : {
          "allocation" : {
            "initial_recovery" : {
              "_id" : "_Le0Ww96RZ-o76bEPAWWag"
            },
            "require" : {
              "_id" : null,
              "box_type" : "cold"
            },
            "total_shards_per_node" : "8"
          }
        },
        "number_of_shards" : "4",
        "routing_partition_size" : "1",
        "resize" : {
          "source" : {
            "name" : "k8s-ingress-2020.06.06-000025",
            "uuid" : "gNhYixO6Skqi54lBjg5bpQ"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

ʻĀpana anu

pa ahau ke (hoʻokuʻu) - Hoʻokuʻu mākou i ka papa kuhikuhi no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā nīnau ma ka ʻikepili mōʻaukala.

Ke hoʻohana nei nā hulina i hana ʻia ma nā helu paʻa paʻa i ka threadpool liʻiliʻi, hoʻolaʻa ʻia, hulina_throttled no ka mālama ʻana i ka heluna o nā hulina like ʻole i paʻi i nā ʻāpana hau hau ma kēlā me kēia node. Hoʻopili kēia i ka nui o ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻē aʻe i koi ʻia no nā kūkulu ʻikepili transient e pili ana i nā shards paʻa, a no laila e pale ai i nā node mai ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka hoʻomanaʻo.
Heluhelu wale 'ia na huahelu pa'a: 'a'ole hiki ke kuhikuhi i loko o ia mau mea.
Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokō mālie ʻia nā hulina ma nā hōkeo paʻa. ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻia nā papa kuhikuhi paʻa no ka hoʻouka ʻimi kiʻekiʻe. He mau kekona a mau minuke paha ka huli ʻana o ka papa kuhikuhi paʻa, ʻoiai inā pau nā hulina like i loko o nā milliseconds i ka wā ʻaʻole i paʻa nā helu.

Nā hopena

Ua aʻo mākou pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā node no ka hana ʻana me ILM, hoʻonohonoho i kahi mamana no ka puʻunaue ʻana i nā ʻāpana ma waena o nā node wela, a hoʻonohonoho i ka ILM no kahi papa kuhikuhi me nā wahi āpau o ke ola.

nā loulou pono

• https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/master/index-lifecycle-management-api.html
• https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/master/recovery-prioritization.html
• https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/master/indices-shrink-index.html#indices-shrink-index
• https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/master/frozen-indices.html
• https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/master/modules-cluster.html#shard-allocation-awareness

Source: www.habr.com