Ua hana ʻo ia no 15 mau mahina: uptime 95,26%

Ua hana ʻo ia no 15 mau mahina: uptime 95,26%
ʻO ka prototype mua o kahi kikowaena lā me kahi mea hoʻoponopono uku. Kiʻi: solar.lowtechmagazine.com

I Kepakemapa 2018, he mea hoihoi mai Low-tech Magazine ua hoʻokumu i kahi papahana kikowaena pūnaewele "haʻahaʻa-tech".. ʻO ka pahuhopu e hoʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu a lawa ka panel solar no kahi kikowaena mālama home. ʻAʻole maʻalahi kēia, no ka mea pono e hana ka pūnaewele i nā hola 24 i ka lā. E ʻike kākou i ka hopena.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i ke kikowaena solar.lowtechmagazine.com, e nānā i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana o kēia manawa. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka paena no ka liʻiliʻi o nā noi mai ka ʻaoʻao a me ka liʻiliʻi o nā kaʻa, no laila pono ia e pale i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaʻa mai Habr. E like me ka helu ʻana o ka mea hoʻomohala, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu no kēlā me kēia malihini kūʻokoʻa he 0,021 Wh.

Ma mua o ka wanaʻao ma Ianuali 31, 2020, ua koe he 42% pākaukau. ʻO ka wanaʻao ma Barcelona i ka hola 8:04 o ka manawa kūloko, a laila e kahe ka ʻea mai ka panel solar.

Ua hana ʻo ia no 15 mau mahina: uptime 95,26%

No ke aha?

He ʻumi makahiki aku nei nā loea wānana ʻiaʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka Pūnaewele e kōkua i ka "dematerialization" o ke kaiāulu, ka digitalization honua - a ma muli o ka hopena, he hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu holoʻokoʻa. Ua hewa lākou. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua koi ka Internet pono'ī ka nui o ka lako ikehu, a ke ulu mau nei kēia mau puke.

Ua hoʻomaka nā hui IT i nā hana e hoʻololi i nā kumu mana ʻē aʻe, akā hiki ʻole kēia. ʻEkolu manawa ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā kikowaena ʻikepili a pau ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka lā a me ka makani ma ka honua. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻo ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻololi maʻamau o nā panela solar a me nā turbine makani pono pū kekahi i ka ikehu, no laila, hiki ʻole i kēia lā ke haʻalele i nā wahie mōʻalihaku (ʻaila, gas, uranium). Akā ʻaʻole e lōʻihi kēia mau mālama, no laila pono mākou e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana ma nā kumuwaiwai hou. Me ka hana ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana kamepiula, me nā kikowaena pūnaewele.

Haʻahaʻa-tech Magazine manao ia he pilikia Hikiwawe loa nā ʻaoʻao pūnaewele. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka ʻaoʻao mai 2010 a i 2018 mai 0,45 MB a i 1,7 MB, a no nā pūnaewele kelepona - mai ka 0,15 MB a i ka 1,6 MB, he manaʻo conservative.

Hoʻonui i ka nui o nā kaʻa ma mua o ka holomua o ka ikehu (ka ikehu e pono ai e hoʻouna i 1 megabyte o ka ʻike), ka mea e hoʻonui mau ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu pūnaewele. ʻO nā pūnaewele kaumaha a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ukana ma ka ʻoihana pūnaewele, akā e hoʻopōkole i ka "pōkole ola" o nā kamepiula a me nā smartphones, pono e hoʻolei pinepine ʻia a hana ʻia nā mea hou. he hana ikaika loa.

A ʻo ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana e ke ʻano o ka nohona: hoʻopau ka poʻe i ko lākou manawa āpau ma ka Pūnaewele a hilinaʻi nui i nā lawelawe pūnaewele like ʻole. He mea paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i ka nohona o kēia wā me ka ʻole o ka ʻenehana IT (nā ʻoihana pūnaewele, nā ʻelele koke, leka uila, etc.)

Hoʻonohonoho kikowaena a me ka pūnaewele

В kēiaʻatikala Hōʻike kikoʻī ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā lako lako a me nā lako polokalamu o ke kikowaena pūnaewele.

kamepiula papa hoʻokahi Olimex Olinuxino A20 Lime 2 koho ʻia no ka hoʻohana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe e pono ai e like me ka chip hoʻokele mana AXP209. Hāʻawi ia iā ʻoe e noi i nā ʻikepili i ka volta o kēia manawa mai ka papa a me ka pākaukau. Hoʻololi ʻokoʻa ka microcircuit i ka mana ma waena o ka pākaukau a me ka mea hoʻohui DC, kahi e kahe ai kēia manawa mai ka panel solar. No laila, hiki ke hoʻolako ʻia ka mana ʻole i ke kikowaena me ke kākoʻo pākaukau.

Ua hana ʻo ia no 15 mau mahina: uptime 95,26%
Olimex Olinuxino A20 Lime 2

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua koho ʻia kahi pākaukau lithium-polymer me ka mana o 6600 mAh (e pili ana i 24 Wh) ma ke ʻano he pākaukau, a laila ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi pākaukau lead-acid me ka mana o 84,4 Wh.

Hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana hana mai ke kāleka SD. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka OS ma mua o 1 GB a ʻo ka pūnaewele paʻa ma kahi o 30 MB, ʻaʻohe manaʻo waiwai i ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi kāleka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kahi papa 10 16 GB.

Hoʻopili ke kikowaena i ka Pūnaewele ma o kahi pilina home 100Mbps ma Barcelona a me kahi mea hoʻohana maʻamau. Ua mālama ʻia kahi helu IP static no ia. Aneane hiki i kekahi ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi pūnaewele i ko lākou hale; pono ʻoe e hoʻololi iki i nā hoʻonohonoho pā ahi e hoʻouna i nā awa i IP kūloko:

Awa 80 a 80 no ka Port HTTP 443 a i 443 no ka Port HTTPS 22 a i 22 no SSH

pae'ōnaehana nenoaiu Kaulana Armbian e pili ana i ka hoʻohele Debian a me ka kernel SUNXI, i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā papa hoʻokahi me nā pahu AllWinner.

Ua hana ʻo ia no 15 mau mahina: uptime 95,26%
He 50-watt solar panel no kahi kikowaena pūnaewele a he 10-watt solar panel no ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i ka lumi noho ma ka hale o ka mea kākau.

Paena paʻa i hana ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana Pelika (pūnaewele pūnaewele ma Python). ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā pūnaewele static a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka CPU, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikehu ma mua o nā ʻaoʻao i hana ʻia. E ʻike i ke kumu kumu no ke kumuhana. maanei.

ʻO kahi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ka hoʻopili kiʻi ʻana, no ka mea me ka ʻole o kēia optimization aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻolilo i nā ʻaoʻao pūnaewele ma mua o 1 megabyte. No ka hoʻonui ʻana, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻololi i nā kiʻi i nā kiʻi halftone. Eia kekahi laʻana, eia ke kiʻi o nā mea kelepona wahine ma ka papa hoʻololi i ke kenekulia i hala. 253 KB.

Ua hana ʻo ia no 15 mau mahina: uptime 95,26%

A eia kekahi kiʻi grayscale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o ka nui 36,5 KB me ʻekolu kala (ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo, hina). Ma muli o ka hoʻopunipuni optical, ʻike ʻia i ka mea nānā ke ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu kala.

Ua hana ʻo ia no 15 mau mahina: uptime 95,26%

Ua koho ʻia nā kiʻi Halftone ʻaʻole wale no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui (kahi hoʻoholo kānalua), akā no nā kumu aesthetic. Loaʻa i kēia ʻenehana hana kiʻi kahiko kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona stylistic, no laila he ʻano hoʻolālā ʻokoʻa ka pūnaewele.

Ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻana, ua emi iho ka nui o nā kiʻi 623 ma ka pūnaewele Low-tech Magazine mai 194,2 MB a i 21,3 MB, ʻo ia hoʻi, e 89%.

Ua hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻatikala kahiko a pau i Markdown no ka maʻalahi o ke kākau ʻana i nā ʻatikala hou, a me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana ma o hele. Ua wehe ʻia nā palapala a me nā trackers, a me nā logo mai ka pūnaewele. Hoʻohana ʻia ka font paʻamau i ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele. Ma ke ʻano he "logo" - ka inoa o ka makasina ma nā leka nui me kahi pua ma ka hema: LOW←TECH MAGAZINE. He 16 paita wale nō ma kahi o ke kiʻi.

I ka wā haʻahaʻa, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka hiki ke "heluhelu waho": lawe ʻia nā kikokikona a me nā kiʻi i kahi hānai RSS. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o 100% maʻiʻo, me ka HTML.

ʻO kekahi optimization e hiki ai i nā hoʻonohonoho HTTP2 i ka nginx, ka mea e hōʻemi iki i ke kaʻa a hōʻemi i ka manawa hoʻouka ʻaoʻao i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me HTTP/1.1. Hoʻohālikelike ka pākaukau i nā hopena no ʻelima ʻaoʻao like ʻole.

| | FP | MAKOU | HS | FW | CW | |----------|-------|-------|-------|-------|------ -| | HTTP/1.1 | 1.46s | 1.87 mau | 1.54s | 1.86s | 1.89 mau | | HTTP2 | 1.30s | 1.49s | 1.54s | 1.79 mau | 1.55 mau | | Nā kiʻi | 9 | 21 | 11 | 19 | 23 | | hoahu | 11% | 21% | 0% | 4% | 18% |

ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho nginx piha:

root@solarserver:/var/log/nginx# cat /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/solar.lowtechmagazine.com

# Expires map
map $sent_http_content_type $expires {
default off;
text/html 7d;
text/css max;
application/javascript max;
~image/ max;
}

server {
listen 80;
server_name solar.lowtechmagazine.com;

location / {
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
}

server{
listen 443 ssl http2;
server_name solar.lowtechmagazine.com;

charset UTF-8; #improve page speed by sending the charset with the first response.

location / {
root /var/www/html/;
index index.html;
autoindex off;
}


#Caching (save html pages for 7 days, rest as long as possible, no caching on frontpage)
expires $expires;

location @index {
add_header Last-Modified $date_gmt;
add_header Cache-Control 'no-cache, no-store';
etag off;
expires off;
}

#error_page 404 /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#location = /50x.html {
# root /var/www/;
#}

#Compression

gzip on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
gzip_vary on;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;


#Caching (save html page for 7 days, rest as long as possible)
expires $expires;

# Logs
access_log /var/log/nginx/solar.lowtechmagazine.com_ssl.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/solar.lowtechmagazine.com_ssl.error.log;

# SSL Settings:
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/solar.lowtechmagazine.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/solar.lowtechmagazine.com/privkey.pem;

# Improve HTTPS performance with session resumption
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;

# Enable server-side protection against BEAST attacks
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
ssl_ciphers ECDH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:DH+3DES:!ADH:!AECDH:!MD5;

# Disable SSLv3
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;

# Lower the buffer size to increase TTFB
ssl_buffer_size 4k;

# Diffie-Hellman parameter for DHE ciphersuites
# $ sudo openssl dhparam -out /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem 4096
ssl_dhparam /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem;

# Enable HSTS (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Security/HTTP_Strict_Transport_Security)
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubdomains";

# Enable OCSP stapling (http://blog.mozilla.org/security/2013/07/29/ocsp-stapling-in-firefox)
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/solar.lowtechmagazine.com/fullchain.pem;
resolver 87.98.175.85 193.183.98.66 valid=300s;
resolver_timeout 5s;
}

Nā hopena o 15 mahina o ka hana

No ka manawa mai Dekemaba 12, 2018 a i Nowemapa 28, 2019, ua hōʻike ke kikowaena uptime 95,26%. ʻO ia hoʻi, ma muli o ka ʻino ʻino, he 399 hola ka manawa hoʻomaha no ka makahiki.

Akā inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i nā mahina ʻelua i hala, ʻo 98,2% ka uptime, a ʻo ka downtime he 152 mau hola wale nō, kākau nā mea hoʻomohala. Ua hāʻule ka uptime i 80% i nā mahina ʻelua i hala i ka wā i hoʻonui ai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana ma muli o kahi hoʻonui polokalamu. I kēlā me kēia pō ua iho ka pūnaewele no kekahi mau hola.

Wahi a nā helu helu, no ka makahiki (mai Dekemaba 3, 2018 a i Nowemapa 24, 2019), ʻo 9,53 kWh ka hoʻohana uila o ka server. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā poho koʻikoʻi i ka ʻōnaehana photovoltaic ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka volta a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka pākaukau. Ua hōʻike ka mana o ka lā i ka hoʻohana makahiki o 18,10 kWh, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka pono o ka ʻōnaehana ma kahi o 50%.

Ua hana ʻo ia no 15 mau mahina: uptime 95,26%
kiʻi maʻalahi. ʻAʻole ia e hōʻike i kahi mea hoʻololi uila mai 12 a 5 volts a me kahi mika ampere-hola pākahi

I loko o ka manawa aʻo, 865 mau malihini kipa i kipa aku i ka pūnaewele. Me ka pau ʻana o ka ikehu i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka lā, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu no kēlā me kēia malihini kipa ʻo 000 Wh. No laila, hoʻokahi kilowatt-hola o ka ikehu o ka lā i lawa no ka lawelawe ʻana ma kahi o 0,021 mau malihini kipa.

I ka wā o ka hoʻokolohua, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā panela solar o nā nui like ʻole. Hōʻike ka papa ʻaina i ka helu ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻaʻa o nā mana like ʻole i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā panela solar o nā ʻano nui like ʻole.

Ua hana ʻo ia no 15 mau mahina: uptime 95,26%

ʻO ka awelika hoʻohana mana o ka pūnaewele pūnaewele i ka makahiki mua, me ka pau ʻana o ka ikehu, he 1,97 Watts. Hōʻike ka helu ʻana i ka holo ʻana i kahi pūnaewele i ka pō pōkole loa o ka makahiki (8 hola 50 mau minuke, Iune 21) pono 17,40 watt-hola o ka mana mālama, a ma ka pō lōʻihi loa (14 hola 49 mau minuke, Dekemaba 21) pono ʻoe 29,19 .XNUMX Wh.

Ua hana ʻo ia no 15 mau mahina: uptime 95,26%

No ka mea, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā pākaʻi lead-acid ma lalo o ka hapalua o ka mana, pono ke kikowaena i kahi pākaukau 60 Wh e ola i ka pō lōʻihi loa me ka mālamalama maikaʻi loa o ke ao (2x29,19 Wh). No ka hapa nui o ka makahiki, ua hana ka ʻōnaehana me kahi pākaukau 86,4 Wh a me kahi panel solar 50-watt, a laila ua hoʻokō ʻia ka 95-98% uptime i ʻōlelo ʻia.

ʻO ka manawa hana 100%

No ka 100% uptime, pono e hoʻonui i ka mana pākaukau. No ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana i hoʻokahi lā o ka wā ʻino loa (me ka ʻole o ka mana nui), 47,28 watt-hola (24 hola × 1,97 watts) o ka mālama ʻana.

Mai Dekemaba 1, 2019 a Ianuali 12, 2020, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi pākaukau 168-watt i loko o ka ʻōnaehana, nona ka mana mālama pono o 84 watt-hola. He lawa kēia e mālama ai i ka holo ʻana o ka pūnaewele no ʻelua pō a me hoʻokahi lā. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka wā pōʻeleʻele o ka makahiki, akā maikaʻi ke ʻano o ka wā - a ma luna o ka manawa i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo 100%.

Akā i mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka 100% uptime no nā makahiki he nui, pono ʻoe e hoʻolako i ke kūlana ʻino loa, ke hoʻomau ka wā ʻino i kekahi mau lā. Hōʻike ka helu ʻana no ka mālama ʻana i kahi pūnaewele pūnaewele no nā lā ʻehā me ka haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ikehu, pono ʻoe i kahi pākaukau lead-acid me ka mana o 440 watt-hola, ʻo ia ka nui o kahi pākahi kaʻa.

I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, i nā kūlana maikaʻi o ka wā, e hoʻomau ke kikowaena 48 Wh lead-acid i ka holo ʻana o ke kikowaena i ka pō mai Malaki a Kepakemapa. ʻO ka pākaukau 24 Wh e hoʻomau i ke kikowaena no ka lōʻihi o 6 mau hola, ʻo ia hoʻi e pani ʻia i kēlā me kēia pō, ʻoiai ma nā manawa like ʻole e pili ana i ka mahina.

Ma ka nui, ʻaʻole pono e hana kekahi mau pūnaewele i ka pō, i ka wā liʻiliʻi o ka poʻe malihini kipa, wahi a nā kāne mai Low-tech Magazine. No ka laʻana, inā he hoʻolaha kūlanakauhale kūloko kēia, kahi e hele ʻole mai ai nā malihini mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe, akā nā kamaʻāina kūloko wale nō.

ʻO ia hoʻi, no nā pūnaewele me nā kaʻa like ʻole a me nā manawa hana ʻē aʻe, pono nā pihi o nā mana like ʻole a me nā panela solar o nā ʻano nui like ʻole.

Ua hana ʻo ia no 15 mau mahina: uptime 95,26%

Ua hana ʻo ia no 15 mau mahina: uptime 95,26%

Hāʻawi ka mea kākau i ka helu ʻana i ka nui o ka ikehu e pono ai hana nā panela lā pono'ī (hoʻokomo i ka ikehu) a me ka nui o ka hopena inā ʻoe e puʻunaue i kēia nui me ke ola lawelawe i manaʻo ʻia o 10 mau makahiki.

Ua hana ʻo ia no 15 mau mahina: uptime 95,26%

Ma kēia ala, hiki ke helu i ka like o nā wahie fossil i hoʻopau ʻia i ka hana a me ka hana ʻana o nā panela. ʻIke ʻia ka Magazine Low-tech i ka makahiki mua o ka hana, kā lākou ʻōnaehana (50 W panel, 86,4 Wh pākahiko) "hana" ma kahi o 9 kg o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, a i ʻole ka like me ka puhi ʻana i 3 lita o ka ʻaila: e like me ka 50- kaʻa kaʻa makahiki holo km.

Ua hana ʻo ia no 15 mau mahina: uptime 95,26%

Inā ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia ke kikowaena mai nā panela lā, akā mai ka mana ākea ākea, a laila ʻeono manawa haʻahaʻa ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā mea like: 1,54 kg (ʻo ka ʻāpana ikehu Spanish ka hapa nui o ka ikehu ʻokoʻa a me nā mea kanu nuklea). Akā ʻaʻole kēia he hoʻohālikelike pololei loa, kākau ka mea kākau, no ka mea, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka ikehu i hoʻokomo ʻia o ka ʻōnaehana solar, akā ʻaʻole ia e noʻonoʻo i kēia hōʻailona no ka pūnaewele ikehu maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā kumukūʻai o kāna kūkulu ʻana a me kāna kākoʻo. .

Nā hoʻomaikaʻi hou aku

I ka manawa i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokō ʻia kekahi mau optimizations i hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana mana o ka server. No ka laʻana, i kekahi manawa ua ʻike ka mea hoʻomohala i ka 6,63 TB o ka huina 11,15 TB o ke kaʻa i hana ʻia e kekahi hoʻokō RSS hānai hewa i huki ʻia nā ʻike i kēlā me kēia minuke. Ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia bug, ua emi ka mana o ke kikowaena (koe i ka nalowale o ka ikehu) mai ka 1,14 W a i ka 0,95 W. He mea liʻiliʻi paha ka loaʻa ʻana, akā ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o 0,19 W ʻo ia ka 4,56 watt-hola i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 2,5 mau hola o ke ola pākaukau no ke kikowaena.

I ka makahiki mua, he 50% wale nō ka pono. Uaʻikeʻia nā poho i ka wā e hoʻouka ai a hoʻokuʻu i ka pakuhi (22%), a me ka hoʻololiʻana i ka volta mai 12 V (pūnaewele PV solar) i 5 V (USB), kahi i hiki ai i ka 28%. Ua ʻae ka mea hoʻomohala iā ia he suboptimal voltage converter (controller me ka ʻole o ka USB i kūkulu ʻia), no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui i kēia wahi a i ʻole e hoʻololi i kahi hoʻonohonoho solar 5V.

No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻenekini lead-acid me nā ʻeke lithium-ion ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā poho o ka uku / hoʻokuʻu (<10%). I kēia manawa ke noʻonoʻo nei ka mea hoʻolālā i kahi compact ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu ma ke ʻano o ka ea paʻa (CAES), nona ke ola o nā makahiki he ʻumi, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi kapuaʻi kalapona liʻiliʻi ma kāna hana.

Ua hana ʻo ia no 15 mau mahina: uptime 95,26%
Compact compressed ea ikehu accumulator, kumu

Ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nei ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi huila makani hou (hiki ke hana mai ka laau) a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi tracker solar e hoʻohuli i nā panela i ka lā. Hiki i ka tracker ke hoʻonui i ka hana uila e 30%.

Ua hana ʻo ia no 15 mau mahina: uptime 95,26%

ʻO kahi ala ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui ai i ka pono o ka ʻōnaehana ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana. E hoʻonui i nā pūnaewele ma ke kikowaena a hoʻomaka i nā kikowaena hou aʻe. A laila e emi iho ka ikehu no kēlā me kēia pūnaewele.

Ua hana ʻo ia no 15 mau mahina: uptime 95,26%
ʻoihana mālama lā. Kiʻi: Diego Marmolejo

Inā ʻoe e uhi i kou pā hale holoʻokoʻa me nā panela solar a wehe i kahi hui hoʻolaha pūnaewele solar, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai o ka mea kūʻai aku ma mua o ka pūnaewele hoʻokahi: ʻoihana waiwai.

ʻO ka holoʻokoʻa, hōʻike kēia hoʻokolohua, hāʻawi ʻia i kekahi mau palena, hiki loa i ka ʻōnaehana kamepiula ke holo ma nā kumu ikehu hou.

ʻO ka manaʻo, hiki i kahi kikowaena ke hana me ka ʻole o ka pākaukau inā e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua. No ka laʻana, e hoʻokomo i nā aniani i New Zealand a me Chile. Ma laila e hana ai nā panela lā i ka pō ma Barcelona.

Source: www.habr.com

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