Ua ʻike koke au i kēia ʻatikala: . Makemake au e kaʻana like i koʻu manaʻo ma ka maʻamau.
/ ʻōpala
Loaʻa nā kauoha i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e ka luna ʻōnaehana a me nā mea hoʻohana, akā pono ia inā ʻaʻole kau ʻia nā ʻōnaehana faila ʻē aʻe (no ka laʻana, ma ke ʻano hoʻohana hoʻokahi). Loaʻa paha nā kauoha i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia e nā palapala.
Manaʻo ʻia nā hui ma laila:
popoki, chgrp, chmod, aloha, cp, la, dd, df, dmesg, hoʻopiʻi, wahahee, inoa inoa, pepehi, ln, ʻeʻe, ls, mkdir, mknod, hou, mauna, mv, ps, pwd, rm, he rm, 'ō, sh, stty, su, lōkahi, oiaio, umount, uname.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā symlinks i /usr, akā ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā lā o systemd /usr ma kahi ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa, hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma kahi ʻōnaehana i hoʻopili ʻia, kahi kukui uila, kahi mīkini kofe a me kahi PDP-11 e lawelawe ana i kahi mea nui. mea i loko o kekahi o nā laboratories o ka Academy of Sciences.
/ sbin
ʻO nā pono i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana (a me nā kauoha aʻa wale nō), / sbin nā binaries pono e hoʻopaʻa, hoʻihoʻi, hoʻihoʻi, a/a hoʻihoʻi i ka ʻōnaehana ma kahi o nā binaries ma /bin. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā polokalamu e holo ma hope o /usr (inā ʻaʻohe pilikia) i /usr/sbin. Pono e hoʻokomo ʻia nā polokalamu hoʻokele ʻōnaehana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma /usr/local/sbin.
Manaʻo ʻia:
fastboot, fasthalt, fdisk, fsck, getty, halt, ifconfig, init, mkfs, mkswap, reboot, ala, swapon, swapoff, update.
ʻO kekahi o nā ala e pale aku ai i ka ʻōnaehana mai nā lima pāʻani o nā mea hoʻohana, ʻo ia ka pāpā ʻana i kekahi mai ka holo ʻana i kēia mau ponohana ma ke kau ʻana i ke ʻano x.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i /bin a me / sbin me nā kope mai ka waihona (ʻo ia no nā ʻōnaehana āpau o ka ʻano like) he ala wikiwiki e hoʻoponopono ai i nā ʻōnaehana me ka ʻole o ka luna pūʻolo.
/ usr / ʻōpala
He mea maʻalahi nā mea a pau maʻaneʻi. ʻO ke ʻano o nā kauoha, ʻo ia no nā kikowaena a pau / mea wili kope o ka hui. A ʻo /usr hiki ke hoʻonohonoho like ʻia no nā OS ʻokoʻa (no / bin a me / sbin ʻaʻole pono kēia hana), he mau papahana kūʻokoʻa kūkulu hale kēia. Loaʻa paha nā loulou i nā unuhi unuhi perl a i ʻole python, aia ma /opt a i ʻole ma kahi ʻē aʻe ma ka pūnaewele.
/ usr / sbin
E like me /usr/bin, akā no ka hoʻohana ʻana e nā admin wale nō.
/usr/local/bin a me /usr/local/sbin
ʻO kekahi o nā wahi nui loa. ʻAʻole like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, /usr ʻaʻole hiki ke like ma ka hui holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa iā OS-dependent, hardware-dependent, a me nā polokalamu maʻalahi ʻaʻole pono i nā polokalamu āpau. Ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia /usr ma nā mīkini, pono e haʻalele ʻia /usr/local.
/home/$USER/bin
Eia ka hihia me /usr/local, aia wale nō nā polokalamu kikoʻī i kekahi mea hoʻohana. Hiki ke hoʻololi (a i ʻole hoʻonohonoho ʻia) i kahi mīkini ʻē aʻe ke neʻe ka mea hoʻohana. ʻO ka mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻoili ʻia e mālama ʻia ma /home/$USER/.local/bin. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka ʻāina me ka ʻole o ke kiko. /home/$USER/sbin ua nalo no nā kumu maopopo.
E hauʻoli wau e ʻike i nā hoʻoponopono a me nā hoʻohui.
Source: www.habr.com