Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka unuhi ʻana o ka ʻatikala no nā haumāna o ka papa .
Makemake ʻoe e hoʻomohala ma kēia ʻaoʻao? E nānā i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o kahi papa haku ʻoihana , i alakaʻi ʻia e Egor Zuev - TeamLead ma InBit a me ka mea kākau o ka papahana hoʻonaʻauao ma OTUS.
Hāʻawi ʻo Google Cloud Platform (GCP) i nā lawelawe he nui, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka waihona hoʻopili i loaʻa iā Google Compute Engine (GCE), Google Kubernetes Engine (container Engine ma mua) (GKE), Google App Engine (GAE) a me Google Cloud Functions (GCF) . Loaʻa nā inoa ʻoluʻolu o kēia mau lawelawe a pau, akā ʻaʻole maopopo loa e pili ana i kā lākou mau hana a me ka mea e kū hoʻokahi ai kekahi i kekahi. Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻatikala no ka poʻe hou i nā manaʻo kapuaʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lawelawe kapuaʻi a me GCP.
1. E helu i ka waihona
Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kahi waihona hoʻopihapiha ma ke ʻano he abstraction papa ma luna o ka mea e hiki ai i kahi ʻōnaehana kamepiula ke hāʻawi. Piʻi kēia ahu (neʻe i luna) mai ka "hao hao" (metala olohelohe), e pili ana i nā ʻāpana ʻenehana maoli o ke kamepiula, a hiki i nā hana (hana), e hōʻike ana i ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa o ka helu. ʻO ka mea nui e ʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ʻo ia ka hui ʻana o nā lawelawe i kou neʻe ʻana i luna o ka waihona, e like me ka ʻāpana "nā noi" (Apps), i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 1 ma lalo, pono e loaʻa nā ʻāpana pahu kumu a pau (nā ipu), nā mīkini uila (nā mīkini maʻamau) a me ka hao. Ma ke ʻano like, pono e loaʻa i ka ʻāpana mīkini virtual nā lako i loko e hana ai.
Kiʻi 1: Helu helu | Kiʻi mai
ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Figure 1, ke kumu no ka wehewehe ʻana i nā makana mai nā mea hāʻawi kapua. No laila, hiki i kekahi mau mea hoʻolako ke hāʻawi wale aku, no ka laʻana, nā ipu a me nā lawelawe i haʻahaʻa i ka maikaʻi ma ka pūʻulu, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe ke hāʻawi i nā mea āpau i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 1.
— Inā kamaʻāina ʻoe i nā lawelawe ao, e hele i pauku 3e ʻike i ka GCP like
- Inā makemake ʻoe i kahi hōʻuluʻulu o nā lawelawe kapuaʻi, e hele i pauku 2.4
2. Nā lawelawe ao
He ʻokoʻa loa ka honua o ka ʻike kapua. Hāʻawi nā mea hoʻolako Cloud i nā lawelawe like ʻole i kūpono i nā koi o nā mea kūʻai aku. Ua lohe paha ʻoe i nā huaʻōlelo e like me IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, FaaS, KaaS, etc. me nā leka a pau o ka pī'āpā i ukali ʻia e "aaS". ʻOiai ke ʻano inoa ʻē aʻe, hana lākou i kahi pūʻulu o nā lawelawe lawelawe kapua. Ke'ōlelo nei au aia he 3 mau makana "ma keʻano he lawelawe" i hāʻawi pinepineʻia e nā mea hoʻolako kapua.
ʻO kēia nā IaaS, PaaS a me SaaS, e kū nei no Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service a me Software as a Service. He mea nui e nānā i nā lawelawe kapua e like me nā papa o nā lawelawe i hāʻawi ʻia. 'O ia ho'i, i kou ne'e 'ana i luna a i lalo mai ka pae a i ka pae, ua hele 'oe ma ke 'ano he mea kū'ai e nā koho lawelawe like 'ole i ho'ohui 'ia a unuhi 'ia mai ka makana kumu. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e noʻonoʻo iā ia he pyramid, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 2.
Kiʻi 2: aaS Pyramid | Kiʻi mai
2.1 ʻOihana ma ke ʻano he lawelawe (IaaS)
ʻO kēia ka pae haʻahaʻa e hiki ai i ka mea hāʻawi kapua ke hāʻawi a komo i ka mea hāʻawi kapuaʻi e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻōnaehana metala ʻole, me ka middleware, ke kelepona pūnaewele, CPUs, GPUs, RAM, waiho waho waho, nā kikowaena, a me nā kiʻi ʻōnaehana kumu e like me Debian Linux, CentOS, Windows , etc.
Inā ʻoe e kauoha i kahi ʻōlelo mai kahi mea hāʻawi ʻo IaaS, ʻo ia ka mea āu e manaʻo ai e loaʻa. Aia iā ʻoe, ka mea kūʻai aku, e hōʻuluʻulu i kēia mau ʻāpana e holo i kāu ʻoihana. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka nui o kāu mea e hana ai mai ka mea kūʻai aku i ka mea kūʻai aku, akā ma ka maʻamau e loaʻa wale ʻoe i ka hāmeʻa a me ka OS a ʻo ke koena iā ʻoe. ʻO nā laʻana o IaaS ʻo AWS Elastic Compute, Microsoft Azure, a me GCE.
ʻAʻole makemake paha kekahi poʻe i ka mea pono lākou e hoʻokomo i nā kiʻi OS a pili i ka ʻoihana pūnaewele, ke kaupaona ʻana i ka ukana, a i ʻole ka hopohopo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke kaʻina hana kūpono no kā lākou hana. ʻO kēia kahi e neʻe ai mākou i ka pyramid i PaaS.
2.2 Platform ma ke ʻano he lawelawe (PaaS)
Hoʻokomo wale ʻo PaaS i kahi mea lawelawe kapuaʻi e hāʻawi ana i kahi kahua kikoʻī e hiki ai i nā mea hoʻohana ke kūkulu i nā noi. He abstraction kēia ma luna o IaaS, ʻo ia hoʻi, mālama ka mea hāʻawi kapua i nā kikoʻī āpau o nā ʻano CPU, hoʻomanaʻo, RAM, mālama, nā pūnaewele, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke ao ka mea hoʻolako e lawelawe i nā kikoʻī kikoʻī āpau no ʻoe. Noi ʻoe i ke kahua i koho ʻia a kūkulu i ka papahana ma luna. ʻO Heroku nā laʻana o PaaS.
He pae kiʻekiʻe paha kēia no kekahi, no ka mea, ʻaʻole lākou makemake e kūkulu i ka papahana ma kahi kahua i kuhikuhi ʻia, akā makemake lākou i kahi pūʻulu o nā lawelawe mai ka mea hāʻawi kapuaʻi. ʻO kēia kahi e hoʻokani ai ʻo SaaS.
2.3 Pūnaehana ma ke ʻano he lawelawe (SaaS)
Hōʻike ʻo SaaS i nā lawelawe maʻamau i hāʻawi ʻia e nā mea lawelawe kapuaʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā mea hoʻohana hope a hiki ke loaʻa ma mua ma o nā pūnaewele e like me Gmail, Google Docs, Dropbox, etc. No Google Cloud, aia kekahi mau makana ma waho o kā lākou hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho ʻo SaaS. Hoʻopili kēia i ka Data Studio, Big Query, etc.
2.4 Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o nā lawelawe ao
Nā Components
IaaS
PaaS
Ana
He aha kāu e loaʻa ai?
Loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻoihana a uku e like me ia. ʻO ke kūʻokoʻa e hoʻohana a hoʻokomo i kekahi polokalamu, OS a i ʻole ka haku ʻana o ia mea.
Loaʻa iā ʻoe ka mea āu e noi ai. Pūnaehana, lako lako, OS, pūnaewele puni honua. Loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi kahua mākaukau e hoʻohana a uku e like me ia.
Maanei ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hopohopo no kekahi mea. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i kahi pūʻolo i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia e like me kāu mau koi a ʻo nā mea a pau āu e hana ai ʻo ka uku e like me ia.
waiwai
Heluhelu kumu
IaaS luna
He pūʻolo piha kēia o nā lawelawe
Nā pilikia ʻenehana
Pono ka ʻike loea
Hāʻawi ʻia iā ʻoe ka hoʻonohonoho kumu, akā pono ʻoe i ka ʻike domain.
ʻAʻole pono e hoʻopilikia i nā kikoʻī loea. Hāʻawi ka mea hāʻawi SaaS i nā mea āpau.
He aha ka hana me ia?
ʻO nā mīkini virtual, ka mālama ʻana, nā kikowaena, ka pūnaewele, nā mea kaulike, etc.
Nā kaiapuni holo (e like me java runtime), nā ʻikepili (e like me mySQL, Oracle), nā kikowaena pūnaewele (e like me tomcat, etc.)
Nā noi e like me nā lawelawe leka uila (Gmail, Yahoo mail, etc.), nā pūnaewele pili kaiaulu (Facebook, etc.)
Kiʻi kaulana
Mea kaulana i waena o nā mea hoʻomohala akamai loa, nā mea noiʻi e koi ana i ka hana maʻamau e like me kā lākou koi a i ʻole wahi noiʻi
ʻO ka mea kaulana loa i waena o nā mea hoʻomohala no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke nānā aku i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kā lākou mau noi a i ʻole palapala. ʻAʻole pono lākou e hopohopo e pili ana i ka ukana a i ʻole ka hoʻokele server, etc.
ʻO ka mea kaulana loa i waena o nā mea kūʻai maʻamau a i ʻole nā hui e hoʻohana i nā polokalamu e like me ka leka uila, kaʻana like ʻana i nā faila, nā ʻoihana pūnaewele, no ka mea ʻaʻole pono lākou e hopohopo e pili ana i nā kikoʻī loea.
Kiʻi 3: Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o nā makana ao nui | Hāʻawi ʻia ke kiʻi
3. Google Cloud Platform Computing Suite
Ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i nā makana hāʻawi kapuaʻi maʻamau i ka Pauku 2, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohālikelike iā lākou i nā makana a Google Cloud.
3.1 Google Compute Engine (GCE) - IaaS
Kiʻi 4: Google Compute Engine (GCE) Icon
ʻO GCE kahi hāʻawi IaaS mai Google. Me GCE, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana manuahi i nā mīkini virtual, hoʻokaʻawale i ka CPU a me nā kumuwaiwai hoʻomanaʻo, koho i ke ʻano waihona e like me SSD a i ʻole HDD, a me ka nui o ka hoʻomanaʻo. Me he mea lā ua kūkulu ʻoe i kāu kamepiula / hale hana ponoʻī a mālama i nā kikoʻī āpau o ka hana ʻana.
Ma GCE, hiki iā ʻoe ke koho mai nā micro instances me 0,3-core processors a me 1 GB o RAM i 96-core monsters me ka 300 GB o RAM. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā mīkini virtual maʻamau no kāu mau hana. No ka poʻe hoihoi, ʻo kēia nā mīkini virtual hiki iā ʻoe ke kūkulu.
3.2. Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) - (Caas / Kaas)
Kiʻi 5: Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) icon
ʻO GKE kahi hāʻawi helu helu kūʻokoʻa mai GCP he abstraction ma luna o ka Compute Engine. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo GKE ma ke ʻano he Container as a Service (CaaS), i kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo Kubernetes as a Service (KaaS), e hiki ai i nā mea kūʻai ke holo maʻalahi i kā lākou pahu Docker ma kahi puni Kubernetes i hoʻokele piha ʻia. No ka poʻe i kamaʻāina ʻole i nā ipu, kōkua nā ipu i ka modularize i nā lawelawe / noi, no laila hiki i nā ipu like ʻole ke loaʻa nā lawelawe like ʻole, no ka laʻana, hiki i kekahi pahu ke hoʻokipa i ka ʻaoʻao mua o kāu noi pūnaewele a hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa i ka hope o ia mea. Kubernetes automate, hoʻonohonoho, hoʻokele, a kau i kāu mau ipu. ʻIke hou aku ma aneʻi.
3.3 Google App Engine (GAE) - (PaaS)
Kiʻi 6: Google App Engine (GAE) Icon
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka Pauku 2.2, noho ʻo PaaS ma luna o IaaS a i ka hihia o GCP, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he makana ma luna o GKE. ʻO GAE ka PaaS maʻamau a Google, a ʻo ke ʻano o kā lākou wehewehe ʻana iā lākou iho "e lawe mai i kāu code a na mākou e mālama i ke koena."
Hoʻomaopopo kēia i nā mea kūʻai aku e hoʻohana ana i ka GAE ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopili i nā lako / waena waena, a hiki ke loaʻa i kahi paepae i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia e mākaukau e hele; ʻO kā lākou mea e hana ai, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke code e pono ai e holo.
Mālama ʻo GAE i ka scaling no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka ukana a me ka makemake o ka mea hoʻohana, ʻo ia hoʻi, inā piʻi koke kāu pūnaewele kūʻai pua no ka mea e kokoke mai ana ka lā Valentine, e mālama ʻo GAE i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana kumu e hoʻokō ai i ka noi a hōʻoia ʻaʻole e hāʻule kāu pūnaewele ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi. ʻO ia ke kumu e uku pono ai ʻoe i nā kumuwaiwai i koi ʻia e kāu noi i kēlā manawa.
Ke hoʻohana nei ʻo GAE i nā Kubernetes a i ʻole kona mana maoli no ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau mea āpau no laila ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hopohopo. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka GAE no nā ʻoihana makemake ʻole i ka ʻōnaehana kumu a mālama wale i ka hōʻoia ʻana i kā lākou noi i ke ala maikaʻi loa.
I koʻu manaʻo, ʻo GAE ka wahi maikaʻi loa e hoʻomaka ai inā he mea hoʻomohala ʻoe me ka manaʻo maikaʻi loa, akā ʻaʻole makemake ʻoe e hana i ka hana paʻakikī o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā kikowaena, ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ukana, a me nā hana ʻē aʻe a pau o ka devops / SRE hana. . Ma hope o ka manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo iā GKE a me GCE, akā ʻo koʻu manaʻo wale nō.
Hoʻolele: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo AppEngine no nā noi pūnaewele, ʻaʻole nā noi kelepona.
No ka ike:
3.4 Hana Google Cloud - (FaaS)
Kiʻi 7: Ikona Google Cloud Functions (GCF).
Manaʻolana ua ʻike ʻoe i kahi ʻano ma ka nānā ʻana i nā makana mua. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kou piʻi ʻana i ke alapiʻi hoʻonā GCP computing, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kou hopohopo e pili ana i ka ʻenehana kumu. Hoʻopau kēia pyramid me ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa o ka helu ʻana, kahi hana, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka Pauku 1.
ʻO GCF kahi hāʻawi GCP hou loa i ka beta (i ka manawa o kēia kākau). Hāʻawi nā hana ao i kekahi mau hana i kākau ʻia e ka mea hoʻomohala e hoʻoulu ʻia e kahi hanana.
Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou i ka hanana a aia ma ka puʻuwai o ka buzzword "serverless", ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole lākou ʻike i nā kikowaena. He mea maʻalahi loa nā hana ao a he nui nā hoʻohana like ʻole e pono ai ka noʻonoʻo hanana hanana. No ka laʻana, i kēlā me kēia manawa e hoʻopaʻa inoa ai kahi mea hoʻohana hou, hiki ke hoʻāla ʻia kahi hana ao e makaʻala i nā mea hoʻomohala.
I loko o kahi hale hana, i ka wā e loaʻa ai kahi sensor i kahi waiwai, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i kahi hana ao e hana ana i ka ʻike ʻike, a i ʻole e hoʻolaha i kekahi limahana mālama, etc.
hopena
Ma kēia ʻatikala, ua kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā hāʻawi kapuaʻi like ʻole e like me IaaS, PaaS, etc. Ua ʻike mākou i nā ʻāpana abstraction i ka neʻe ʻana mai kahi ʻano lawelawe i kekahi, e like me IaaS ma Paas, pono ʻole ka ʻike o ke kumu.
No kahi ʻoihana, hāʻawi kēia i ka maʻalahi koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole i hoʻokō wale i kāna mau pahuhopu hana, akā hoʻokō pū kekahi i nā wahi koʻikoʻi e like me ka palekana a me ke kumukūʻai. E hōʻuluʻulu:
Compute Pake - hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kāu mīkini virtual ponoʻī ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, no ka laʻana, RAM, processor, memory. He kūpono a haʻahaʻa hoʻi.
Kubernetes Engine he piʻi aʻe mai ka Compute Engine a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā Kubernetes a me nā ipu e hoʻokele i kāu noi, e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻonui i ka nui e like me ka mea e pono ai.
ʻEnekini App He ʻanuʻu ia mai ka Kubernetes Engine, e ʻae iā ʻoe e kālele wale i kāu code ʻoiai e mālama ana ʻo Google i nā koi āpau i lalo.
Nā Hana Kapua ʻo ia ka luna o ka pyramid computing, e ʻae iā ʻoe e kākau i kahi hana maʻalahi, i ka wā e holo ai, hoʻohana i ka ʻōnaehana kumu holoʻokoʻa e helu a hoʻihoʻi i ka hopena.
Nā mea hou aku!
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Source: www.habr.com