ʻO ke kumuhana o nā pōʻino nui i nā kikowaena data hou e hāpai i nā nīnau i pane ʻole ʻia ma ka ʻatikala mua - ua hoʻoholo mākou e hoʻomohala.
Wahi a nā helu helu mai ka Uptime Institute, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hanana i nā kikowaena data e pili ana i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana lako mana-ʻo lākou ka 39% o nā hanana. Hoʻopili ʻia lākou e ke kumu kanaka, ʻo ia ka 24% o nā pōʻino. ʻO ke kolu o ke kumu nui loa (15%) ʻo ka hemahema o ka ʻōnaehana ea, a ma kahi ʻehā (12%) he mau pōʻino kūlohelohe. ʻO ka huina o nā pilikia ʻē aʻe he 10% wale nō. Me ka nīnau ʻole i ka ʻikepili o kahi hui i mahalo ʻia, e hōʻike mākou i kahi mea maʻamau i nā pōʻino like ʻole a hoʻāʻo e hoʻomaopopo inā hiki ke pale ʻia. Spoiler: hiki i ka nui o nā hihia.
ʻO ka ʻepekema o nā pilina
No ka hoʻopuka maʻalahi, ʻelua wale nō pilikia me ka lako mana: ʻaʻohe pilina ma kahi e pono ai, a i ʻole kahi pilina ma kahi e pono ʻole ai ke hoʻopili. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻilio no ka manawa lōʻihi e pili ana i ka hilinaʻi o nā ʻōnaehana mana uninterruptible hou, akā ʻaʻole lākou e mālama mau iā ʻoe. E lawe i ka hihia kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ke kikowaena ʻikepili i hoʻohana ʻia e British Airways, nona ka hui makua International Airlines Group. ʻElua mau waiwai e kū kokoke ana i ke kahua mokulele ʻo Heathrow - Boadicea House a me Comet House. I ka mua o kēia mau mea, ma Mei 27, 2017, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka mana ulia pōpilikia, kahi i alakaʻi ai i ka overload a me ka hemahema o ka ʻōnaehana UPS. ʻO ka hopena, ua pōʻino kino kekahi o nā lako IT, a ʻo ka pōʻino hou loa i hala ʻekolu lā e hoʻoponopono ai.
Pono ka mokulele e hoʻopau a hoʻopaʻa hou paha ma mua o hoʻokahi kaukani mau mokulele, ma kahi o 75 tausani mau kaʻa i hiki ʻole ke lele i ka manawa - $ 128 miliona i hoʻopau ʻia ma ka uku ʻana i ka uku, ʻaʻole helu i nā kumukūʻai e pono ai e hoʻihoʻi i ka hana o nā kikowaena data. ʻAʻole maopopo ka moʻolelo o nā kumu o ka ʻeleʻele. Inā manaʻoʻiʻo ʻoe i nā hopena o ka hoʻokolokolo kūloko i hoʻolaha ʻia e ka Luna Hoʻokele o International Airlines Group Willie Walsh, no ka hewa o nā mea ʻenekinia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana lako mana hiki ʻole ke kū i kahi pani - ʻo ia ke kumu i kau ʻia ai. Ua mālama ʻia ke kikowaena ʻikepili e nā loea mai ka hui outsourcing CBRE Managed Services, no laila ua hoʻāʻo ʻo British Airways e hoʻihoʻi i ka nui o ka pōʻino ma o ka ʻaha ʻo London.
Loaʻa ka pau ʻana o ka mana i nā ʻano like: ʻo ka mua he ʻeleʻele ma muli o ka hewa o ka mea hoʻolako uila, i kekahi manawa no ka ʻino a i ʻole nā pilikia kūloko (me nā hewa kanaka), a laila ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻōnaehana mana uninterruptible ke hoʻokō i ka ukana a i ʻole kahi pōkole. -ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka manawa o ka hawewe sine ke kumu o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā lawelawe he nui, e hoʻihoʻi ai i ka manawa a me ke kālā. Hiki paha ke pale aku i ia mau ulia? Me ke kanalua ole. Inā hoʻolālā pololei ʻoe i ka ʻōnaehana, ʻaʻole pale ʻia nā mea hana o nā kikowaena data nui mai nā hewa.
Kanaka ʻike
Inā ʻo ke kumu koke o kahi hanana ka hana hewa ʻole o nā limahana kikowaena data, ʻo nā pilikia pinepine (akā ʻaʻole i nā manawa a pau) pili i ka ʻāpana polokalamu o ka ʻenehana IT. Loaʻa ia mau pōʻino ma nā hui nui. I Fepeluali 2017, ma muli o kekahi lālā o ka hui i hoʻopaʻa hewa ʻia o ka hui hana ʻenehana o kekahi o nā kikowaena ʻikepili, ua pio kekahi hapa o nā kikowaena Pūnaewele Pūnaewele Amazon. Ua hala kekahi hewa i ka wā e hoʻopau ana i ke kaʻina hana bila no ka Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3). Ua hoʻāʻo kekahi limahana e hoʻopau i kekahi mau kikowaena virtual i hoʻohana ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana pili kālā, akā paʻi i kahi hui nui.
Ma muli o kahi hewa ʻenekinia, ua holoi ʻia nā kikowaena e holo ana i nā modules software storage cloud koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka mea mua i hoʻopilikia ʻia ʻo ia ka subsystem indexing, aia ka ʻike e pili ana i ka metadata a me kahi o nā mea S3 āpau ma ka US-EAST-1 ʻAmelika. Ua pili pū ka hanana i ka subsystem i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokipa ʻana i ka ʻikepili a mālama i ka wahi i loaʻa no ka mālama ʻana. Ma hope o ka holoi ʻana i nā mīkini virtual, pono kēia mau subsystem ʻelua i ka hoʻomaka hou ʻana, a laila ua kāhāhā nā mea ʻenehana Amazon - no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻole hiki i ka waihona kapuaʻi lehulehu ke lawelawe i nā noi o nā mea kūʻai aku.
Ua laha ka hopena, no ka mea, hoʻohana ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai nui i ka Amazon S3. Ua hoʻopilikia ʻia nā outages iā Trello, Coursera, IFTTT a, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole, nā lawelawe o nā hoa Amazon nui mai ka papa inoa S&P 500. ʻO ka pōʻino i ia mau hihia he paʻakikī ke helu, akā aia ma ka ʻāina o nā haneli miliona o nā kālā US. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, hoʻokahi kauoha hewa i lawa e hoʻopau i ka lawelawe o ka paepae ao nui loa. ʻAʻole kēia he hihia kaʻawale; ma Mei 16, 2019, i ka wā o ka hana mālama, ka lawelawe ʻo Yandex.Cloud nā mīkini uila o nā mea hoʻohana i ka ru-central1-c ʻāpana i loko o ke kūlana SUSPENDED ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi. Ua hōʻino ʻia ka ʻikepili o nā mea kūʻai aku ma ʻaneʻi, ua nalowale kekahi o ia mau mea. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i hemolele nā kānaka, akā ua hiki i nā ʻōnaehana palekana ʻike hou ke nānā i nā hana a nā mea hoʻohana pono ma mua o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kauoha a lākou i komo ai. Inā hoʻokō ʻia kēlā mau hoʻonā ma Yandex a i Amazon paha, hiki ke pale ʻia kēlā mau hanana.
Hoʻolili hau
I Ianuali 2017, ua loaʻa kahi ulia pōpilikia ma ka kikowaena data Dmitrov o ka hui Megafon. A laila ua hāʻule ka mahana ma ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow i -35 ° C, kahi i alakaʻi ʻia ai i ka hemahema o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaha. ʻAʻole i kamaʻilio koʻikoʻi ka lawelawe paʻi a ka mea hoʻohana e pili ana i nā kumu o ka hanana - ʻaʻole makemake nui nā hui Lūkini e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā pōʻino ma nā keʻena i loaʻa iā lākou; ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻolaha, ua haʻalele mākou ma hope o ke Komohana. Aia kekahi mana'o i ho'olaha 'ia ma nā pūnaewele kaiapuni e pili ana i ka ho'oku'u 'ana o ka mea ho'omaha ma nā paipu i waiho 'ia ma ke alanui a me ka leakage o ka ethylene glycol. Wahi a ia, ʻaʻole hiki i ka lawelawe hana ke loaʻa koke i 30 tons o ka coolant ma muli o nā lā hoʻomaha lōʻihi a puka i waho me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ala improvised, hoʻonohonoho i ka improvised free-cooling e kūʻē i nā lula no ka hana ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana. Ua hoʻonui ke anuanu i ka pilikia - i Ianuali, ua kū koke ka hoʻoilo iā Russia, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe mea i manaʻo. ʻO ka hopena, pono nā limahana e hoʻopau i ka mana i kahi ʻāpana o ka server racks, ʻo ia ke kumu i loaʻa ʻole ai kekahi mau lawelawe lawelawe no nā lā ʻelua.
Malia paha, hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi anomaly weather ma aneʻi, akā ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau no ka ʻāina kapikala. Hiki ke hāʻule i nā pae haʻahaʻa i ka hoʻoilo ma ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow, no laila ua kūkulu ʻia nā kikowaena data me ka manaʻolana o ka hana paʻa ma -42°C. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hāʻule nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomaha i ke anuanu ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka glycols a me ka wai nui i loko o ka hopena coolant. Aia kekahi mau pilikia me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā paipu a i ʻole nā kuhi hewa i ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana, pili nui i ka makemake e mālama i ke kālā. ʻO ka hopena, hiki mai kahi pōʻino koʻikoʻi ma waho o ka uliuli, i hiki ke pale ʻia.
Nā pōʻino kūlohelohe
ʻO ka pinepine, ua hoʻopau ka hekili a/a i ʻole nā makani ʻino i ka ʻenehana ʻenehana o kahi kikowaena data, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka lawelawe a/a i ʻole ka pōʻino kino o nā lako. Hiki pinepine mai ka ino i ka ino. I ka makahiki 2012, ua lele ʻo Hurricane Sandy i ke Komohana Komohana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa me ka ua nui. Aia ma kahi hale kiʻekiʻe ma Lower Manhattan, ke kikowaena ʻikepili Peer 1 , ma hope o ke kahe ʻana o ka wai kai paʻakai ma lalo. Aia ma ka papahele 18 nā mea hoʻomohala pilikia o ka hale, a ua kaupalena ʻia kā lākou lako wahie - ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā lula ma New York ma hope o ka hoʻouka kaua hoʻoweliweli 9/11 i pāpā i ka mālama ʻana i nā wahie nui ma nā papahele o luna.
Ua hāʻule pū ka pauma wahie, no laila ua hoʻohana nā limahana i nā lā he nui i ka huki ʻana i ka diesel i nā mīkini hana ma ka lima. Ua hoʻopakele ka heroism o ka hui i ke kikowaena ʻikepili mai kahi pōʻino koʻikoʻi, akā pono maoli ia? Noho mākou ma ka honua me ka lewa nitrogen-oxygen a me ka nui o ka wai. He mea maʻamau ka hekili a me ka makani ʻino ma ʻaneʻi (ma nā wahi kahakai). Pono paha nā mea hoʻolālā e noʻonoʻo i nā pilikia e pili ana a kūkulu i kahi ʻōnaehana lako mana pono ʻole. A i ʻole ma ka liʻiliʻi loa e koho i kahi kūpono kūpono no ke kikowaena ʻikepili ma mua o kahi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi mokupuni.
ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe
Hoʻomaopopo ʻo Uptime Institute i nā ʻano hanana like ʻole i kēia ʻāpana, ma waena o ia mea paʻakikī ke koho i kahi mea maʻamau. ʻO ka ʻaihue o nā kaula keleawe, nā kaʻa e hāʻule ana i nā kikowaena data, nā laina mana a me nā substations transformer, nā ahi, nā mea hana excavator e hōʻino ana i nā optics, nā rodents (ʻiole, rabbits a me nā wombats, he mau marsupial maoli nō), a me ka poʻe makemake e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka pana ʻana. uea - he nui ka papa kuhikuhi . Hiki i nā hemahema ke kumu uila ka mahiko laau mariuana. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, lilo ka poʻe kikoʻī i nā mea hewa o ka hanana, ʻo ia hoʻi ke hana hou nei mākou i ke kumu kanaka, ke loaʻa ka inoa a me ka inoa o ka pilikia. ʻOiai inā i ka nānā mua ʻana ua pili ka ulia me kahi hana ʻenehana a i ʻole nā pōʻino kūlohelohe, hiki ke pale ʻia inā ua hoʻolālā ʻia a hoʻohana pono ʻia ka hale. ʻO nā mea ʻokoʻa wale nō nā hihia o ka pōʻino koʻikoʻi i ka ʻenehana kikowaena data a i ʻole ka luku ʻana i nā hale a me nā hale ma muli o kahi pōʻino kūlohelohe. He mau kūlana force majeure maoli kēia, a ʻo nā pilikia ʻē aʻe a pau ke kumu o ka gasket ma waena o ka kamepiula a me ka noho - ʻo ia paha ka ʻāpana hilinaʻi ʻole o kekahi ʻōnaehana paʻakikī.
Source: www.habr.com