Me he mea lā ʻo Homer me kāna mau mele he mea mamao, kahiko, paʻakikī ke heluhelu a naʻaupō. Akā ʻaʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo kēlā. Hoʻopiha ʻia mākou a pau me Homer, ka moʻomeheu Helene kahiko kahi i puka mai ai ʻo ʻEulopa a pau: ua piha kā mākou ʻōlelo i nā huaʻōlelo a me nā puʻupuʻu mai nā palapala Helene kahiko: e lawe, no ka laʻana, nā ʻōlelo e like me "Homeric laugh", "kaua o nā akua" , "Achilles' heel", "apple of discord" a me kā mākou kama'āina: "Trojan horse". No Homer keia. Aʻaʻohe pono e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mana o ka moʻomeheu Helene, ka'ōlelo a ka Helene (ʻaʻole iʻike ka poʻe Helene i ka hua'ōlelo "Greece" aʻaʻole i kapa iā lākou iho; ua hele mai kēia ethnonym iā mākou mai nā Roma mai). ʻO ke kula, ke kula, ka hale haʻuki, ke akeakamai, ka physics (metaphysics) a me ka makemakika, ka ʻenehana... ka hīmeni, ke kahua, ke kīkā, ka mea uʻi - ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke papa inoa i nā mea āpau - he mau huaʻōlelo Helene kahiko kēia. ʻAʻole anei ʻoe i ʻike?
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Ua'ōleloʻia hoʻi,ʻo ka Helene ka mea mua i hana i ke kālā ma keʻano o nā'āpana i hanaʻia ...ʻO ka pī'āpā e like me kā mākou iʻike ai. ʻO ke kālā mua i hana ʻia mai kahi huila maoli o ke kālā a me ke gula, i kapa ʻia lākou e electr (hello electronic money). ʻO kahi pīʻāpā me nā huaʻōlelo a, no laila, ʻo ka lawe ʻana i nā leo āpau o kahi huaʻōlelo i ka wā i kākau ʻia ai he mea ʻike Helene, ʻoiai he nui ka poʻe e noʻonoʻo nei i nā kūpuna o ka poʻe Phoenicians (he poʻe Semitic i noho nui ma ka ʻāina o Suria a me ʻIseraʻela) , ka poe i loaa ole na leo leo. ʻO ka mea mahalo, ua hele pololei mai ka huapalapala Latina mai ka Helene mai, e like me ka Slavic. Akā ʻo nā alphabets hope o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa Komohana he mau huaʻōlelo o ka Latin. Ma kēia ʻano, hoʻonohonoho kā mākou huapalapala Cyrillic me ka alphabet Latin...
ʻEhia ka nui o ka Helene ma ka ʻepekema a me ka palapala? Iambic, trochee, muse, lyre, poetry, stanza, Pegasus and Parnassus. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "poet", "poetry", hope loa - ua ʻike ʻia lākou i kēia manawa kahi i hele mai ai. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke papa inoa iā lākou a pau! Akā ʻo ke poʻo o kaʻu kikokikona e hāʻawi aku i ka pathos (he ʻōlelo Helene kahiko) o kaʻu "ʻike." A no laila, e hoʻopaʻa wau i kaʻu mau lio a neʻe aku i Namely, ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei au ʻo ka opensource mua (ʻo ia, e hoʻohui wau) me ka git i ʻike ʻia i ka wā ma mua: ma Helene kahiko (ʻoi aku ka pololei ma Helene kahiko kahiko) a me ka ʻelele kaulana loa ʻO kēia hanana ka Homer nui kaulana.
ʻAe, ua pau ka hoʻolauna ʻana, i kēia manawa e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i nā mea a pau. Hōʻole: E hāʻawi wau i nā manaʻo kumu o nā huaʻōlelo Helene i luna ma ka hope o ka kikokikona (ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ma nā wahi) - no ka poʻe heluhelu i kēia kikokikona a hiki i ka hopena. No laila, e hele kāua!
Homer.
ʻO nā mele o ka Homer nui ka mea maʻamau i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 3 - ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XNUMX BC, ʻoiai ua hoʻomaka kēia mau kikokikona e puka koke ma hope o nā hanana i wehewehe ʻia i loko o lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kahi o ke kenekulia XNUMX BC. ʻO ia hoʻi, aia lākou ma kahi o XNUMX tausani makahiki. ʻO ka "Iliad" a me "Odyssey", "Homeric Hymns" a me kekahi mau hana ʻē aʻe i pili pono iā Homer, e like me nā mele "Margit" a me "Batrachomyomachy" (he parody satirical o ka "Iliad", i unuhi maoli ʻia. e like me "The War of the Mice and Frogs" (Machia - hakakā, puhi, mis - mouse) Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, ʻo nā hana mua ʻelua wale nō na Homer, ʻo ke koena, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e pili ana iā ia (no ke aha wau e makemake ai. e haʻi ma lalo), e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka Iliad wale nō ʻo Homer ... ma ke ʻano nui, hoʻomau ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa, akā hoʻokahi mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa - ʻo Homer ʻoiaʻiʻo a ʻo nā hanana āna i wehewehe ai i hana pololei ʻia ma nā paia o Troy (ka inoa ʻelua o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Ilion, no laila ka "Iliad")
Pehea mākou e ʻike ai i kēia? I ka pau ʻana o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ʻo Heinrich Schliemann, he Kelemania i loaʻa ka waiwai nui ma Rūsia, ua ʻike ʻo ia i kāna moeʻuhane kahiko: ua loaʻa a ʻeli ʻo ia iā Troy ma ka ʻāina o Tureke hou, e hoʻohuli maoli ana i nā manaʻo mua e pili ana i kēlā mau manawa a me nā kikokikona. keia kumuhana. Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā hanana Trojan, ka mea i hoʻomaka me ka lele ʻana o ka Helen nani me ke aliʻi Trojan Paris (Alexander) i Troy, he moʻolelo wale nō, ʻoiai no ka poʻe Helene kahiko i manaʻo ʻia nā hanana i wehewehe ʻia i loko o nā mele. he mea kahiko loa. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole wale nā pā o Troy i ʻeli ʻia a loaʻa nā mea gula kahiko loa o ia manawa (aia lākou i loko o ka lehulehu ma ka Tretyakov Gallery), ma hope o nā papa pālolo o ka mokuʻāina Heta kahiko, ʻo Troy kokoke, ua ʻike ʻia. Ua loaʻa nā inoa kaulana: Agamemnon, Menelaus, Alexander... No laila ua lilo nā mea kākau moʻolelo i ka mōʻaukala e like me kēia mau papa i hōʻike ʻia i ka diplomatic a me ke kālā maoli o ka moku Heta ikaika. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻaʻole ma Teroa ponoʻī, ʻaʻole hoʻi ma Hellas (he ʻakaʻaka, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēia huaʻōlelo i kēlā mau manawa lōʻihi) ʻaʻohe palapala i kēlā manawa. ʻO kēia ka mea i hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kā mākou kumuhana.
No laila, ʻo Homer. He aed ʻo Homer - ʻo ia hoʻi, he mele auwana i kāna mau mele (aed - he mele). ʻAʻole ʻike maopopo ʻia kahi i hānau ʻia ai a pehea i make ai. No ka mea i ka wā kahiko ʻaʻole i emi iho ma lalo o ʻehiku mau kūlanakauhale ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke Kai Aegean i hakakā no ka pono e kapa ʻia ʻo ka homeland o Homer, a me kahi o kona make ʻana: Semurana, Kios, Pylos, Samos, ʻAtenai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ʻo Homer he inoa kūpono, akā he inoa inoa. Mai ka wā kahiko mai, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano he "hostage". Malia paha, ʻo ka inoa i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia i ka wā i hānau ai ʻo Melesigen, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hānau ʻia e Melesius, akā ʻaʻole maopopo kēia. I ka wā kahiko, ua kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo Homer penei: Poet (Poetes). Pono me kahi leka nui, i hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻatikala pili. A hoʻomaopopo nā mea a pau i kā mākou e kamaʻilio nei. Poetes - 'o ia ho'i "mea hana" - kekahi hua'ōlelo Helene kahiko no kā mākou hō'ili'ili.
Ua ʻae ʻia ʻo Homer (Omir ma Old Russian) he makapō a ʻelemakule, akā ʻaʻohe hōʻike o kēia. ʻAʻole i wehewehe ʻo Homer iā ia iho ma kāna mau mele, ʻaʻole hoʻi i wehewehe ʻia e kona mau hoa kahiko (ka haku mele ʻo Hesiod, no ka laʻana). Ma nā ʻano he nui, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia manaʻo ma ka wehewehe ʻana o ka Aeds ma kāna "Odyssey": ʻelemakule, makapō, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ko lākou mau makahiki e emi ana, a me ka haʻalele nui ʻana o ka poʻe makapō o ia manawa i ka poʻe mele auwana. no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki i ka makapō ke hana, a ʻo ka hoʻomaha ʻana he mea ia o ka wā ma mua.
E like me ka mea i haʻi mua ʻia, ʻaʻohe palapala a ka poʻe Helene i kēlā mau lā, a inā mākou e manaʻo he makapō a ʻike hapa paha ka hapa nui o ka poʻe Aedes (ʻaʻole i haku ʻia nā makaaniani), a laila ʻaʻole pono lākou no ia mea, no laila. Ua hīmeni ʻo Aed i kāna mau mele me ka hoʻomanaʻo wale ʻana.
Ua like me keia. ʻO ka ʻelemakule hele wale, ʻo ia wale nō a me kahi haumāna (alakaʻi), neʻe mai kekahi kūlanakauhale a i kekahi, kahi i hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia e nā kamaʻāina kūloko: ʻoi aku ka pinepine o ke aliʻi iā ia iho (basileus) a i ʻole he aliʻi waiwai i ko lākou mau home. I ke ahiahi, ma kahi pāʻina maʻamau a ma kahi hanana kūikawā paha - he symposium (symposium - ʻahaʻaina, inu, pāʻina), hoʻomaka ka aed e hīmeni i kāna mau mele a hana i kēia a hiki i ka pō. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia me ka hoʻokani pila ʻehā (ka progenitor o ka lira a me ka cithara hope), hīmeni e pili ana i nā akua a me ko lākou ola, e pili ana i nā koa a me nā hana, e pili ana i nā mōʻī kahiko a me nā hanana e pili pono ana i ka poʻe hoʻolohe, no ka mea, ʻoiaʻiʻo lākou a pau. i manao ia lakou iho he mamo ponoi na ka poe i oleloia ma keia mau mele. A he nui na mele o ia ano. Ua hiki mai ka "Iliad" a me "Odyssey" a pau iā mākou, akā ua ʻike ʻia e pili ana i nā hanana ma Troy aia kahi cyclus epic holoʻokoʻa (ʻo ka pōʻai i ko mākou manaʻo, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā Helene ka leka "c", akā mākou he nui nā huaʻōlelo Helene cyclops, cyclops, Cynics hele mai ma ka ʻano Latinized: cycle, cyclops, cynic) mai ʻoi aku ma mua o 12 mau mele. Pīhoihoi paha ʻoe, e ka mea heluhelu, akā ma ka Iliad ʻaʻohe wehewehe o ka "Trojan horse"; ua pau ka mele ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana o Ilion. Aʻo mākou e pili ana i ka lio mai ka Odyssey a me nā mele ʻē aʻe o ka pōʻai Trojan, ʻoiai mai ka poem "The Death of Ilion" na Arctin. He mea hoihoi loa kēia, akā lawe ia iā mākou mai ke kumuhana, no laila ke kamaʻilio wale nei wau e pili ana i ia mea.
ʻAe, kapa mākou i ka Iliad he mele, akā he mele ia (ke kapa ʻia kona mau mokuna he mele a hiki i kēia lā). ʻAʻole i heluhelu ʻo Aed, akā hīmeni ʻo ia i nā leo o nā kaula pipi, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka iwi ʻoi - a plectrum - ma ke ʻano he uwao (kekahi aloha mai ka wā kahiko), a me ka poʻe hoʻolohe enchanted, me ka ʻike pono i ka outline o nā hanana i wehewehe ʻia. ʻono i nā kikoʻī.
He poem nui loa ka Iliad a me ka Odyssey. ʻOi aku ma mua o 15 tausani a ʻoi aku ma mua o 12 tausani mau laina. A pela lakou i mele ai no na ahiahi he nui. Ua like loa me ka moʻo TV hou. I ke ahiahi, ua ʻākoakoa hou ka poʻe hoʻolohe a puni ka aed me ka hanu ʻana, a ma kekahi mau wahi me ka waimaka a me ka ʻakaʻaka, hoʻolohe i ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā moʻolelo i mele ʻia i nehinei. ʻO ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ka hoihoi o ka moʻo, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka poʻe e pili ana iā ia. No laila ua noho a hānai ʻia ka poʻe ʻAeds me kā lākou poʻe hoʻolohe i ko lākou hoʻolohe ʻana i kā lākou mau mele lōʻihi.
"ʻO ka ʻohi ao ʻo Zeus Kronid, ka haku ma luna o nā mea a pau, ua wela kona ʻūhā.
A laila noho lākou i kahi ʻahaʻaina waiwai ... a hauʻoli.
Ua hīmeni ka mea mele akua ma lalo o ka hoʻokumu ʻana, ʻo Demodocus, mahalo ʻia e nā kānaka a pau. "
Homer. "Odyssey"
No laila, ʻo ka manawa kēia e hele pololei ai i ke kiko. Loaʻa iā mākou ka hana a ka ʻAeds, ʻo ka ʻAeds ponoʻī, nā mele lōʻihi loa a me nā mele a me ka ʻole o ke kākau ʻana. Pehea i hiki mai ai kēia mau mele mai ke kenekulia XNUMX BC?
Akā ʻo ka mea mua, aia kekahi kikoʻī koʻikoʻi. 'Ōlelo mākou i nā "poems" no ka mea he poetic kā lākou kikokikona, pauku (ʻo ka paukū kekahi hua'ōlelo Helene kahiko 'o ia hoʻi "hoʻonohonoho")
Wahi a ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka wā kahiko, ka mea hoʻonaʻauao o ka Russian Academy of Science Igor Evgenievich Surikov: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka poetry a hāʻawi ʻia mai kēlā hanauna i kēia hanauna. "E hoʻāʻo e hoʻopaʻanaʻau i ka prosa, ʻoi aku ka nui o kahi ʻāpana, akā poʻomanaʻo - hiki iaʻu ke hana hou i kekahi mau mele aʻu i aʻo ai ma ke kula," haʻi mai ʻo ia iā mākou. A he oiaio. Hoʻomanaʻo kēlā me kēia o mākou i kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā laina mele (a i ʻole poʻi), a he kakaikahi ka poʻe e hoʻomanaʻo i kahi pauku piha i lawe ʻia mai ka prose.
ʻAʻole hoʻohana ka poʻe Helene kahiko i ka rhyme, ʻoiai ua ʻike lākou. ʻO ke kumu o ka poetry he mele, kahi i hoʻololi ʻia ai nā syllables lōʻihi a lōʻihi i hoʻokumu ʻia nā mika poetic: iambic, trochee, dactyl, amphibrachium a me nā mea ʻē aʻe (ʻaneʻane kahi papa inoa piha o nā mika mele o nā mele o kēia wā). Nui nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia mau nui i ka poʻe Helene. Ua ʻike lākou i ka mele akā ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻohana. Akā ua hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻano mele mele e nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole: trochae, spondee, pauku sapphic, Alcaean stanza a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka hexameter kaulana. ʻO kaʻu mika punahele ʻo iambic trimeter. (ʻakaʻaka) ʻO ka mika ke ana. Hoʻokahi ʻōlelo hou i kā mākou ʻohi.
ʻO ka Hexameter kahi mika mele no nā mele (khimnos - pule i nā akua) a me nā mele epic e like me ka Homer. Hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana iā ia no ka manawa lōʻihi, e ʻōlelo wale wau he nui, a ma hope aku, me ka poʻe haku mele Roma, i kākau i ka hexameter, no ka laʻana ʻo Virgil i kāna "Aeneid" - kahi mele hoʻohālike o ka "Odyssey", kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka poʻe. ʻO ka mea nui i holo ʻo Aeneas mai ka Troy i luku ʻia i kona ʻāina hou - ʻo Italia.
“Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia - a lilo ia i mea ʻawaʻawa no Pelid: he puʻuwai ikaika
I loko o ka umauma huluhulu o ka meʻe, ua uluhua nā manaʻo ma waena o lāua.
A i ʻole, e haehae koke i ka pahi kaua mai ka waha,
E hoʻopuehu i ka poʻe āna e hālāwai ai a pepehi i ka haku ʻo Atrid;
A i ʻole e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka huhū, e kāohi i ka ʻuhane kaumaha ... "
Homer. “The Iliad” (unuhi ʻia e Gnedich)
E like me kaʻu, me he mea lā, ua ʻōlelo mua, ua hoʻomaka nā Aeds e hoʻonani i nā hanana o ke Kaua Trojan kokoke koke i kona pau ʻana. No laila i loko o "The Odyssey" ke poʻo poʻo inoa, e kaʻawale ana mai ka home, i ka ʻumi o ka makahiki o kona auwana ʻana, lohe ʻo ia i ke mele a Aeda e pili ana iā ia iho a hoʻomaka e uē, e hūnā ana i kona mau waimaka mai nā mea a pau ma lalo o kona ʻaʻahu.
No laila, ua ʻike ʻia nā mele i ke kenekulia 200, hīmeni ʻo Homer i kāna "Iliad" i ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ua kākau ʻia kāna kikokikona canonical ma hope o XNUMX mau makahiki ma hope, i ke kenekulia XNUMX BC ma ʻAtenai ma lalo o ka mana hoʻomāinoino ʻo Peisistratus. Pehea i puka mai ai kēia mau kikokikona a hiki mai iā mākou? A penei ka pane: Ua hoʻololi kēlā me kēia AED i ke kumu kumu o nā mea kākau mua, a ua "hoʻokuʻu" pinepine i nā mele a nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a hana i kēia ma ke ʻano he kumu, no ka mea, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia he mea maʻamau. ʻAʻole i loaʻa wale ke kuleana kope i kēlā mau lā, pinepine a nui aʻe ma hope, me ka hiki ʻana mai o ke kākau ʻana, "hoʻohuli ʻia ke kuleana kope" i ka hopena: i ka wā i kākau ai kahi mea kākau liʻiliʻi i kāna mau hana me ka inoa nui, no ka mea, ʻaʻole me ke kumu ʻole. , ua manaʻo ʻo ia e hōʻoia i ka holomua o kāna hana.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Git, no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā code kumu, e nā haumāna a me nā mea hoʻolohe o ka Aeds, ka mea i lilo i poʻe mele ma hope, a me nā hoʻokūkū o nā Aeds, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa a hiki iā lākou ke lohe kekahi i kekahi. Eia kekahi laʻana, aia kekahi manaʻo ua hiki mua ʻo Homer lāua ʻo Hesiod i ka hopena hope o ka poʻe haku mele, a he mea kupanaha, ua loaʻa iā Hesiod ka wahi mua ma ka manaʻo o nā luna kānāwai he nui. (no ke aha wau e haʻalele ai ma ʻaneʻi)
ʻO kēlā me kēia hana a Aed o kāna mele, ʻaʻole ia he hana hoʻokani wale nō, akā he mea hana noʻonoʻo nō hoʻi: i kēlā me kēia manawa i haku ʻo ia i kāna mele me he mea lā he mea hou mai ka pūʻulu holoʻokoʻa o nā poloka a me nā huaʻōlelo i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. hōʻaiʻē, hoʻoliʻi a hoʻololi i nā ʻāpana o ka "code" "ma ka lele". Eia kekahi, ʻoiai ua ʻike nui ʻia nā hanana a me nā kānaka e ka poʻe hoʻolohe, ua hana ʻo ia i kēia ma muli o kekahi "core" a, ʻo ka mea nui, ma kahi dialect poetic kūikawā - he ʻōlelo papahana, e like me kā mākou e ʻōlelo ai i kēia manawa. E noʻonoʻo wale i ke ʻano o kēia me ke code hou: nā mea hoʻololi hoʻokomo, nā poloka kūlana a me nā puka lou, nā hanana, nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike, a me kēia mau mea a pau ma kahi ʻōlelo ʻokoʻa i ʻokoʻa i ka ʻōlelo ʻōlelo! Ma hope o ka ʻōlelo ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi loa a ma hope o nā kenekulia, ua kākau ʻia nā mele mele like ʻole ma kā lākou mau ʻōlelo kūikawā (Ionian, Aeolian, Dorian), me ka nānā ʻole i kahi o ka mea kākau! Ma ka hahai wale ʻana i nā koi "code"!
No laila, ua hānau ʻia kahi kikokikona canonical mai nā hōʻaiʻē mai kekahi i kekahi. ʻIke loa, ua ʻaiʻē ʻo Homer iā ia iho, akā ʻaʻole e like me ka poʻe i poina (ʻo Lethe kekahi o nā muliwai o ka lua o Hades, i hoʻoweliweli ʻia me ka poina), ua hana ʻo ia me ka nani, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i hoʻokahi mele mai nā mea he nui, e hana ana i kahi paʻa, mālamalama, noʻonoʻo a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ke ʻano a me ke koho ʻike. A i ʻole, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kona inoa a ua pani ʻia e nā mea kākau ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke akamai o kāna "text," i hoʻopaʻanaʻau ʻia e nā hanauna o ka poʻe mele ma hope ona (ua hoʻololi ʻia ʻo ia, akā i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi), i hoʻopaʻa i kona wahi i ka mōʻaukala. Ma kēia mea, ua lilo ʻo Homer i mea elusive peak, he maʻamau, ma ke ʻano he ʻōlelo, he monolithic "core" o ke kaiaola holoʻokoʻa o nā mele, e like me ka poʻe ʻepekema, ua hōʻea ʻo ia i ke kiko o ka canonization ma ke kākau ʻana i ka mana kokoke loa i ke kumu. A me he mea la he oiaio keia. He mea kupanaha ka nani o kāna kikokikona! A pehea e ʻike ʻia ai e ka mea heluhelu mākaukau. ʻAʻole no ka mea ʻole ʻo Pushkin lāua ʻo Tolstoy i mahalo iā Homer, a ʻo Tolstoy, ʻo Alexander ka Nui ponoʻī, i loko o kona ola ʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me ka ʻōwili o ka Iliad - he ʻoiaʻiʻo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka mōʻaukala.
Ua ʻōlelo wau ma luna o ka pōʻai Trojan, aia kekahi mau hana e hōʻike ana i hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi hanana o ke Kaua Trojan. ʻO kekahi hapa, he mau "māka" kēia o ka "Iliad" a Homer, i kākau ʻia i ka hexameter a hoʻopiha i nā ʻāpana i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma ka "Iliad". ʻAʻole i loaʻa iki mai lākou a pau iā mākou, a i ʻole i loaʻa iā mākou i nā ʻāpana wale nō. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo o ka mōʻaukala - ʻoiai, ua haʻahaʻa loa lākou iā Homer a ʻaʻole i laha loa i waena o ka lehulehu.
E hōʻuluʻulu au. ʻO kekahi ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi o nā mele, nā ʻano kumu i haku ʻia ai lākou, ke kūʻokoʻa o ka hāʻawi ʻana a, ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻo ko lākou wehe ʻana i nā hoʻololi mau e nā poʻe ʻē aʻe - ʻo ia ka mea a mākou e kapa nei i kēia manawa open source - ua ala mai i ka wanaʻao o kā mākou moʻomeheu. Ma ke kahua o ka mea kākau a ma ka manawa like pūʻulu hana. He mea oiaio. Ma keʻano laulā, hiki ke loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā mea a mākou e manaʻo nei he ʻokiʻoki i nā kenekulia i hala. A ʻo nā mea a mākou e manaʻo ai he mea hou paha i loaʻa ma mua. Ma kēia mea, hoʻomanaʻo mākou i nā ʻōlelo mai ka Baibala mai, mai ka Ecclesiastes (i pili iā Solomona ke aliʻi):
"Ua hiki mai kekahi mea a lākou e ʻōlelo nei:" E nānā, he mea hou kēia, "akā, aia i nā kenekulia ma mua o mākou. ʻAʻohe hoʻomanaʻo o ka wā i hala; a ʻaʻole hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ka mea e hiki mai ana no ka poʻe e hiki mai ana ma hope. ”…
hope o ka Māhele 1
Kula (schola) - hoʻokipa, manawa kaʻawale.
Academy - he ulu lāʻau kokoke i ʻAtenai, kahi o ke kula noʻeau o Plato
Gymnasium (gymnos - olohelohe) - nā gymnasiums he hale haʻuki no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kino. I loko o ia mau mea, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻōlohelohe nā keikikāne. No laila nā huaʻōlelo me ke kumu hoʻokahi: gymnastics, gymnast.
ʻO Philosophy (phil - aloha, sophia - naʻauao) ke aliʻi wahine o ka ʻepekema.
Physics (physics - nature) - ke aʻo ʻana i ke ao honua, ke ʻano
Metaphysics - 'ōlelo maoli "Ma waho o ke ʻano." ʻAʻole ʻike ʻo Aristotle i kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ke akua a kapa ʻia ka hana: "ʻAʻole kūlohelohe."
Makemakika (makemakika - haʻawina) - haʻawina
ʻenehana (tehne - craft) ma Helene - nā mea pena kiʻi a me nā kiʻi kiʻi, e like me nā mea hana i nā ipu lepo, he poʻe ʻenehana a me nā mea hana. No laila ka "mea hana kiʻi"
Hula mua ʻia ʻo Chorus. (no laila ka choreography). Ma hope mai, ma muli o ka hoʻokō ʻia ʻana o ka hula me ka hīmeni ʻana o nā mea he nui, ua hīmeni ʻia ka papa himeni me nā leo lehulehu.
Stage (skena) - he hale lole no ka hoʻololi lole no nā mea pena. Ua kū ʻo ia i waenakonu o ka hale hōʻikeʻike.
Guitar - mai ka Helene kahiko "kithara", he mea kani kani.
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Ke hoike aku nei au i ko'u mahalo no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia kikokikona.
Source: www.habr.com