Hōʻailona ʻia ka palapala ʻāina lele, nā kiko me ka methane ma luna o 3 ppm*m. A he nui kēlā!
E noʻonoʻo ʻoe aia kahi ʻāina e puhi a pilau i kēlā me kēia manawa. Ma muli o ka hana ʻana o nā kinoea like ʻole i ka wā palaho o nā mea organik. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ka methane wale nō, akā nā kinoea ʻona loa, no laila, pono e nānā ʻia nā ʻōpala paʻa paʻa i kekahi manawa.
Hana ʻia kēia ma ka wāwae me kahi mea ʻike methane hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia, akā ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa he paʻakikī loa ia, hoʻopau manawa a ʻaʻole pono maoli e nā mea nona ka ʻāina.
Akā, he mea pono ia no ke aupuni kūlanakauhale, nā luna aupuni, nā ʻāina, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, kahi i waiho ʻia ai ka pae ʻāina a i ʻole ka ʻae ʻia ʻana, nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā poʻe maʻamau e makemake e hanu i ka ea maʻemaʻe.
ʻO ka lawelawe o ke ana ʻana i ka pae o ka methane me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā drones i koi nui ʻia ma ʻEulopa.
ʻO mākou, me kā mākou mau hoa mai ka hui , hana i ka hana hui ma keia aoao a loaa ka hopena hoihoi.
He aha ka mea i hoʻoponopono ʻia?
ʻO ka hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻōpala paʻa - nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻolālā ʻana, ka hana a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o nā ʻōpala no nā ʻōpala paʻa o ke kūlanakauhale (i ʻae ʻia e ka Ministry of Construction o ka Russian Federation ma Nowemapa 2, 1996), nā lula maʻemaʻe SP 2.1.7.1038-01 "Hygienic nā koi no ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōpala no nā ʻōpala home paʻa" (i ʻāpono ʻia e ka Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation o Mei 30, 2001 No. 16), ka manaʻo o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōpala hale paʻa i ka Russian Federation MDS 13-8.2000 (i'āponoʻia e ke Kauoha o ka Papa o ka Gosstroy o ka Russian Federation o Dekemaba 22, 1999 No. 17) , SanPiN 2.1.6.1032-01. 2.1.6. ʻO ka ea lewa a me ka ea o loko, ka pale ea maʻemaʻe. ʻO nā koi maʻemaʻe no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka ea lewa ma nā wahi lehulehu (i ʻae ʻia e ke Kauka Nui o ka Moku'āina Sanitary o ka Russian Federation ma Mei 17.05.2001, XNUMX).
ʻO nā manaʻo kiʻekiʻe i ʻae ʻia no kēia pūʻulu o nā palapala penei:
ʻĀpana
MAC, mg/m3
Hoʻokahi manawa kiʻekiʻe
ʻAwelika i kēlā me kēia lā
ʻAʻole ʻona ka lepo
0,5
0,15
hydrogen sulfide
0,008
-
kalapona kalapona
5,0
3,0
Nitric oxide
0,4
0,06
Metala metala
-
0,0003
Methane
-
50,0
Amona
0,2
0,04
Benzene
1,5
0,1
Trichloromethane
-
0,03
4-carbon chloride
4,0
0,7
Chlorobenzene
0,1
0,1
ʻO ke ʻano hana biogas maʻamau:
ʻĀpana
%
Methane, CH4
50-75
ʻO ke kalapona kalapona, CO2
25-50
Nitrogen, N2
0-10
H2
0-1
Hydrogen sulfide, H2S
0-3
Oxygen, O2
0-2
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka biogas a hiki i 12-15 mau makahiki, a ma hope o ka makahiki ʻelua - ʻo ka methane wale nō a i ʻole carbon dioxide wale nō (a i ʻole ka hui ʻana o nā mea ʻelua).
Pehea e ʻimi ai i nā leaks i kēia manawa
No ka loaʻa ʻana o nā wahi hoʻokuʻu ʻia o ka methane ma nā pae ʻāina, hoʻohana ʻia ka hana a nā mea kolo. Lawe lākou i kahi mea hoʻoponopono kinoea lima (i ka poʻe maʻamau - "sniffer") a me kekahi mea e like me ka umbrella, koho ka mea kolo i kahi ma ka ʻāina. Hoʻokomo ʻo ia i kahi dome liʻiliʻi ma laila a kali i kahi ʻano o ke kinoea e hōʻiliʻili ma lalo o ka dome. Ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea loiloi kinoea a hoʻopaʻa i nā heluhelu o ka hāmeʻa. Ma hope o kēlā, neʻe ʻo ia i kahi ʻē aʻe no ke ana aʻe. A laila.
He mea maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana, akā ʻaʻole kūpono i ka helu o nā ana i lawe ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa. E hoʻohui kākou i ke kumu kanaka a me nā kūlana hana hewa o ka mea laina laina, ka mea i koi ʻia e hele a puni ke kahua hoʻomaʻamaʻa pilau no nā hola (e hoʻohana mau ana paha i nā lako pale pilikino).
Drone e kōkua iā mākou
I ka pau ʻana o 2018, ma ka hōʻikeʻike INTERGEO 2018 (Frankfurt), ua kamaʻāina mākou i ka ʻenehana Pergamum a me kā lākou ʻike i ka lele lele ʻana ma luna o nā pae ʻāina. Ua hoʻomaka nā kāne e hoʻohana i kahi drone me kahi mea ʻike methane laser mamao i hoʻokomo ʻia ma luna ona e ʻimi ai i nā leaks. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi logger ma luna o ka drone, nāna e hoʻopaʻa i nā heluhelu ʻike a pau. I ka pau ʻana o ka lele, ua hoʻoili ʻia ka ʻike mai ka mea logger i ke kamepiula ma ke ʻano o ka ʻikepili tabular no ka nānā ʻana. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka methane, e hoʻouna hou ʻia ka drone i kēia wahi e kiʻi i ka wahi leak.
I kēlā manawa, ua hana mua nā kāne mai Pergamum i ka nui o nā lele ʻana o nā ʻōpala paʻa paʻa, a ua ʻike lākou he mea maʻalahi ke lele ma ke kānāwai. Ua hopena kēia i kēia kaʻina hana:
- ʻO ia mau overflights e nā drones e ʻae pinepine ʻia i loko o ʻelua pule ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana kānāwai: loaʻa ka ʻae ʻana o ka mea nona ka teritore, i ʻae ʻia e nā luna mokulele a me ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka wahi hoʻolālā lele. Hoʻouna ʻia kahi noi no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi hoʻokele mokulele kūloko i ke kikowaena zone (AC) ʻekolu a ʻelima mau lā ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana, hoʻouna ʻia ka hoʻolālā mokulele i ka lā ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana. I ka lā o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana, pono ʻoe e kāhea i ka SC ʻelua mau hola ma mua, ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana pono ʻoe e kāhea i nā luna kuleana āpau. Hoʻoholo ʻia nā mana kuleana e like me ka palapala ʻāina ākea "Airspace of the Russian Federation" (VP RF). Me he mea lā e puka koke mai ana nā loli, a hiki ke lele ma nā kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 150 mau mika ma ka laina o ka ʻike.
- I kēlā me kēia manawa e hoʻomaka ai ka lele me ke ana ʻana i ke kuhikuhi a me ka wikiwiki o ka makani, ke kaomi lewa. Inā ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka makani ma mua o ʻehā mau mika i kēlā me kēia kekona, a laila ʻaʻole lākou e lele, no ka mea ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ka hopena: hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi leak ma kahi hewa (e puhi kino ia i kēlā ʻaoʻao).
- Hoʻemi ka mea hoʻohana drone ma ka pūnaewele i ka helu o nā huli a helu i ka manawa lele ma kahi o 25 mau minuke. Ma keʻano laulā, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka manawa lele mai 5 a 20%, e pili ana i nā kūlana o ka wā.
- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i nā huakaʻi mai ka ʻaoʻao leeward i hiki ke nānā ʻia ma ka makani.
- ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe lele o ka drone lawa e ʻimi ai i nā leaks he 15 mika.
- Inā loaʻa ka ʻae no ke kiʻi lewa, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i kahi o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana me kahi kiʻi kiʻi wela a ma ka laulā ʻike ʻia.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka hana a nā mea kolo - he holomua! Akā aia kahi drawback koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana o ka mea ʻike i hoʻohana ʻia e Pergamum no nā overflights: ka nele o kahi ala kamaʻilio ma waena o ka mea ʻike a me ka mea hoʻohana i ka wā o ka lele. Hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻike e pili ana i nā leaks ma hope o ka pae ʻana o ka drone.
Pergamum + CROC + SPH
I ka manawa i ʻike ai lākou iā Pergamum, ua loaʻa iā CROC kahi kamepiula ma luna o ka papa no ka drone DJI Matrice 600, hiki ke hoʻolaha i ka telemetry ma o DJI LightBridge 2. Ua hoihoi koke ʻo Pergamum i ka huahana a hāʻawi ʻia e hana i kahi hoʻohui downlink no kā lākou huahana, ka LMC mamao methane detector no ka drone.
ʻO ka hopena, ua ʻike ʻia kahi hoʻomohala hui o CROC (Russia), Pergam-Engineering (Russia) a me SPH Engineering (Latvia, UGCS software manufacturer) - ka LMC G2 DL (Laser Methane Copter Generation 2 me Downlink). ʻO kēia ka lua o ka hanauna o ka ʻōnaehana lako polokalamu a me ka ʻōnaehana polokalamu no ka ʻike ʻana i nā leaks methane (CH4).
Loaʻa ka hopena i kahi drone DJI Matrice 600 me ke kaumaha o ka lawe ʻana o 11 kilokani, i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi mea ʻike methane laser mamao a me kahi kamepiula ma luna o ka papa. Hāʻawi ka polokalamu hou iā ʻoe e hoʻopaʻa inoa pololei i ke ala lele ma kahi kiʻekiʻe i hāʻawi ʻia a i ka wikiwiki e koi ʻia, e pane koke i ka hihia o ka ʻike ʻana i kahi leak methane, hoʻokaʻawale pololei i ka wahi a hana i ka manawa kūpono.
Теперь процесс такой:
1. I ʻole e nalo i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka polygon, ua hana ʻia ka hoʻolālā lele ma ka polokalamu UgCS. He mau minuke. I ka manawa like, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i loko o kahi keʻena mahana a ʻaʻole e hoʻokuʻu iā ʻoe iho ... lima.
Hoʻolālā lele Drone ma ka polokalamu UgCS.
2. A laila, hoʻomākaukau ka mea hoʻohana i ka drone ma kahi o ka lawe ʻana ma ke kahua hoʻomaʻamaʻa. A ma o ka polokalamu kelepona ʻo UgCS hoʻokuʻu i ka lele.
He mea maʻamau ka manaʻo.
ʻIke ʻia ka leak.
3. Eia kekahi, mahalo i kā mākou kamepiula ma luna o ka papa, ua hoʻouna ʻia nā heluhelu o ka methane detector ma ka pūnaewele i ka polokalamu kelepona. Ma ka manawa like, hoʻopaʻa ka lolouila ma luna o ka papa i nā heluhelu āpau mai ka hāmeʻa ma ke kāleka SD inā nalowale ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ka honua.
4. Hiki ke kaha 'ia ma ka palapala 'āina nā mea 'oi aku o ka methane. ʻAʻole ʻoe e pau i ka manawa ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana e hoʻokaʻawale i ka leak.
5. Pono!
ʻO ka ʻōlelo a CROC ecologist:
ʻAʻohe kānāwai no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻāina e hoʻopaʻa inoa i nā kahe, akā ʻo ka methane ke kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a ua pāpā mākou i nā kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo no 20 mau makahiki. Aia ka Kyoto Protocol, a i loko o ke kahua o ka papahana Clean Air, nona ka papahana National Ecology, e loa'a paha ke kānāwai no nā quota. A e kūʻai ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana. A pono e hoʻomaopopo kēlā me kēia hui inā loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki ke hōʻemi a hoʻopaʻa i nā hoʻokuʻu.
ʻO Rosprirodnadzor ka mana hoʻomalu. ʻO ka pae ʻāina ponoʻī he hale ʻenekinia, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono e hala i ka Glavgosexpertiza. Aia ka hana a me ke kaiapuni. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke alapine o kēia mana ma muli o ka pōʻino a no kēlā me kēia pae ʻāina kikoʻī. Inā paha e hele mai kahi keʻena hana i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu mahina a ana i kekahi mea - maʻamau ka wai, ka lepo, ka ea. Hoʻonohonoho nā ʻāina maikaʻi iā lākou iho i nā paipu no ke kinoea pae ʻāina a hoʻohana i kēia kinoea no kā lākou pono ponoʻī. ʻO ka maʻamau, aia mai 40 pakeneka o ka methane. Inā pahū ia, e hoʻopau ʻia nā kamaʻilio, hiki paha i nā poʻe i make, kahi hoʻokuʻu ikaika ... A laila e wehe ʻia kahi hihia lawehala e kūʻē i ka mea nona. A ʻaʻohe mea hoihoi iā ia. ʻO kahi drone ma Krasnoyarsk hoʻokahi, no ka laʻana, he mea kūpono loa ia. ʻElua mau kānaka me kahi kiaʻi me kahi pū (koʻikoʻi - aia nā bea), kahi kaʻa āpau āpau e wāwahi i kēlā me kēia 20-40 km, kahi noho, nā haʻawina o kēlā me kēia lā.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā drones ma nā wahi he nui. E puhi static ma ke kaʻa kaʻa, e hoʻoheheʻe i ka māla, e hoʻolei i kahi lāʻau i kahi kanaka make, lele i loko o ke ahi a ʻike i nā kānaka a pau, hahai i ka poachers a ʻimi paha i nā mea kanu hemp, e hoʻopaʻa inoa i loko o kahi hale kūʻai - ʻo ia wale nō kāu makemake. A ma ka laulā, nā mea a pau e ʻae ʻia e kou manaʻo. Makemake mākou i nā pilikia hou, a hiki iā mākou ke makemake e hoʻāʻo e hoʻoponopono i kāu pilikia. ʻAe, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka hana o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā leaks, loaʻa iaʻu kahi papahana pailaka no ka mea hoihoi loa. Leka - [pale ʻia ka leka uila].
kūmole
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- ʻO kaʻu leka uila - [pale ʻia ka leka uila].
Source: www.habr.com