I kēia lā makemake mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kekahi o nā mea hou loa i ka ʻōnaehana Sherlock [he pūʻulu hana kiʻekiʻe kēia ma Stanford University - approx. trans.], ka mea e wikiwiki loa i ka helu ʻana i nā faila ma nā papa kuhikuhi me nā helu helu nui.
ʻAʻole like me nā ʻatikala maʻamau, ʻoi aku kēia i ka hōʻike a ka mea hoʻopukapuka e pili ana i kā mākou hana mau ma Sherlock e hoʻomau i ka holo ʻana i ka mea maikaʻi loa no kā mākou mea hoʻohana. Manaʻolana mākou e hoʻopuka hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me kēia i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka papa inoa ʻana i nā faila he nui ka manawa
Hoʻomaka ia me kahi nīnau kākoʻo ʻenehana mai kahi mea hoʻohana. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka pilikia o ka hoʻokō ls lawe i kekahi mau minuke i loko o kahi papa kuhikuhi me ka ʻoi aku o 15 mau helu i loko $SCRATCH [papa kuhikuhi no nā faila manawa - ma kahi o. ala].
ʻO nā kaukani o nā faila i loko o ka papa kuhikuhi hoʻokahi ke kaumaha i ka ʻōnaehana faila a ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia. Ua ʻike ka mea hoʻohana i kēia a ua ʻae ʻaʻole maikaʻi ia, akā ua ʻōlelo ʻo ka papa inoa he 1000 mau manawa wikiwiki ma kāna kamepiula ma mua o Sherlock. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hōʻeha kēia iā mākou. No laila ua nānā hohonu mākou.
No ka mea, nani ke nana aku
Ua nānā mākou i kāna hana maoli ls i ka helu ʻana i kahi papa kuhikuhi, a no ke aha e lōʻihi ai ke kaʻina hana. Ma ka hapa nui o keia manawa ls ma ka paʻamau e holo like ls --color=auto, no ka mea makemake nā mea a pau i nā kala.
Akā, hiki mai nā kala nani i ke kumu kūʻai: no kēlā me kēia faila ls Pono e loaʻa ka ʻike e pili ana i ke ʻano faila, kona ʻae, nā hae, nā ʻano hoʻonui a me nā mea like e koho ai i ke kala kūpono.
ʻO kahi hoʻonā maʻalahi i ka pilikia ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kala ma ls āpau, akā e noʻonoʻo i ka huhū o nā mea hoʻohana. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e lawe i ke kala kala, ʻaʻole mākou he monsters.
No laila ua nānā hohonu mākou. ls kala kala ma o ka hoololi kaiapuni LS_COLORS, i hoonohoia dircolors(1) ma muli o ka waihona hoʻonohonoho dir_colors(5). ʻAe, (a inā ʻaʻole ʻoe ʻike e pili ana i nā faila (hana), a laila dir_colors , ʻOiai nā mea a pau).
E nānā pono kākou
No ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ʻano kala e hoʻolohi ai, ua hana mākou i kahi kaiapuni hoʻokolohua:
$ mkdir $SCRATCH/dont
$ touch $SCRATCH/dont/{1..10000} # don't try this at home!
$ time ls --color=always $SCRATCH/dont | wc -l
10000
real 0m12.758s
user 0m0.104s
sys 0m0.699s12,7 kekona no 10 faila, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa.
Ma ke ala, pono mākou i ka hae
--color=always: oiai ua huli oia ils --color=auto, akālsʻike inā ʻaʻole pili ia i kahi pahu (e laʻa me ka paipu a i ʻole me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā mea hoʻopuka) a hoʻopau i ke kala inā hoʻonohonoho ʻia iauto. Kanaka akamai.
No laila he aha ka lōʻihi? Nānā mākou me strace:
$ strace -c ls --color=always $SCRATCH/dont | wc -l
10000
% time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall
------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------------
44.21 0.186617 19 10000 lstat
42.60 0.179807 18 10000 10000 getxattr
12.19 0.051438 5 10000 capget
0.71 0.003002 38 80 getdents
0.07 0.000305 10 30 mmap
0.05 0.000217 12 18 mprotect
0.03 0.000135 14 10 read
0.03 0.000123 11 11 open
0.02 0.000082 6 14 close
[...]
Auwe: 10 kelepona lstat(), 10 kelepona getxattr() (ʻaʻole i pau nā mea āpau no ka loaʻa ʻole o ko mākou kaiapuni i nā ʻano a ls e ʻimi nei), 10 kelepona capget().
ʻOiaʻiʻo hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia kēia.
Hoʻohālike hiki? ʻAʻole
Ma muli o ka ʻōlelo aʻo , ua hoʻāʻo mākou e hoʻopau i ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano :
$ eval $(dircolors -b | sed s/ca=[^:]*:/ca=:/)
$ time strace -c ls --color=always $SCRATCH/dont | wc -l
10000
% time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall
------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------------
98.95 0.423443 42 10000 lstat
0.78 0.003353 42 80 getdents
0.04 0.000188 10 18 mprotect
0.04 0.000181 6 30 mmap
0.02 0.000085 9 10 read
0.02 0.000084 28 3 mremap
0.02 0.000077 7 11 open
0.02 0.000066 5 14 close
[...]
------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------------
100.00 0.427920 10221 6 total
real 0m8.160s
user 0m0.115s
sys 0m0.961s
Auwe, a hiki i 8 kekona o ka holo wikiwiki ʻana! Ua hoʻopau mākou i kēlā mau kelepona pipiʻi getxattr(), a me nā pilikia capget() nalowale loa, nui.
Aia nō naʻe kēia mau kelepona hoʻonāukiuki lstat(), ʻOiai…
ʻEhia mau pua āu e pono ai?
No laila, ua nānā pono mākou LS_COLORS.
ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻopau mākou i kēia ʻano hoʻololi:
$ echo $LS_COLORS rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.axv=01;35:*.anx=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.axa=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36: $ unset LS_COLORS $ echo $LS_COLORS $ time ls --color=always $SCRATCH/dont | wc -l 10000 real 0m13.037s user 0m0.077s sys 0m1.092s
He aha!?! He 13 kekona?
Huli ia i ka wā e loli ai ke kaiapuni LS_COLORS ʻaʻole i wehewehe ʻia a nalowale kekahi o kāna mau mea <type>=color:, hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka waihona i kūkulu ʻia ma ka paʻamau a hoʻohana mau i nā kala. No laila inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻopau i ka waihoʻoluʻu no kekahi ʻano faila, pono ʻoe e kāpae iā ia me <type>=: ai ole ia, <type> 00 ma ka waihona DIR_COLORS.
Ma hope o ka nui o ka hoʻāʻo a me ka hewa, ua hōʻemi mākou i kā mākou ʻimi i kēia:
EXEC 00
SETUID 00
SETGID 00
CAPABILITY 00i kakauia e like me
LS_COLORS='ex=00:su=00:sg=00:ca=00:'
ʻO ia hoʻi: mai kala i nā faila ma ke ʻano. , akā iki iki , aole na .
Holo wikiwiki mākou ls
A inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana i kekahi o kēia mau loiloi, a laila kelepona lstat() nalo, a he mea ʻokoʻa loa kēia:
$ export LS_COLORS='ex=00:su=00:sg=00:ca=00:'
$ time strace -c ls --color=always $SCRATCH/dont | wc -l
10000
% time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall
------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------------
63.02 0.002865 36 80 getdents
8.10 0.000368 12 30 mmap
5.72 0.000260 14 18 mprotect
3.72 0.000169 15 11 open
2.79 0.000127 13 10 read
[...]
------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ----------------
100.00 0.004546 221 6 total
real 0m0.337s
user 0m0.032s
sys 0m0.029s0,3 kekona ma ka papa inoa o 10 faila, he mooolelo.
Hoʻonohonoho iā Sherlock
Mai 13 kekona me nā hoʻonohonoho paʻamau i 0,3 kekona me nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi LS_COLORS 'o ia ho'i, he 40 pa'i ka wikiwiki ma muli o ka nele setuid / setgid a me nā faila hoʻokō kala. ʻAʻole ia he poho nui.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia i Sherlock no kēlā me kēia mea hoʻohana.
Akā inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻihoʻi i ke kala, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻi i nā hoʻonohonoho paʻamau:
$ unset LS_COLORS
Akā, ma nā papa kuhikuhi me ka nui o nā faila, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka inu kofe i ka wā e holo ana ls.
Source: www.habr.com