I ka kali ana ʻO Vitaly Khabarov ninaninauia ʻO Dmitry Stolyarov (), ka luna ʻenehana a me ka hui pū ʻana o ka hui Flant. Ua nīnau ʻo Vitaly iā Dmitry e pili ana i ka hana a Flant, e pili ana i nā Kubernetes, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka kaiaola, kākoʻo. Ua kūkākūkā mākou no ke aha e pono ai ʻo Kubernetes a inā pono paha ia. A e pili ana hoʻi i nā microservices, Amazon AWS, ka "Laki wau" e pili ana iā DevOps, ka wā e hiki mai ana o Kubernetes pono'ī, no ke aha, pehea a pehea e lawe ai i ka honua, nā manaʻo o DevOps a me nā mea ʻenehana e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka ʻālohilohi a kokoke i ka wā e hiki mai ana me ka maʻalahi a me nā ʻupena neural.
e hoʻolohe ma ke ʻano he podcast ma DevOps Deflop - kahi podcast ʻōlelo Lūkini e pili ana iā DevOps, a ma lalo ka mana kikokikona.
Ma ʻaneʻi a ma lalo e nīnau ai ʻo ia i nā nīnau ʻenekinia mai Express42.
E pili ana iā "Flant"
- Aloha Dima. ʻO ʻoe ke alakaʻi ʻenehana "" a me ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu. E ʻoluʻolu e haʻi mai iā mākou i ka hana a ka hui a he aha kāu i loko?
ʻO Dmitry: Mai waho mai me he mea lā ʻo mākou ka poʻe e hele a puni e hoʻokomo i nā Kubernetes no nā mea āpau a hana i kekahi mea me ia. Akā ʻaʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo kēlā. Ua hoʻomaka mākou ma ke ʻano he hui e pili ana me Linux, akā no ka manawa lōʻihi ʻo kā mākou hana nui ʻo ka lawelawe ʻana i ka hana a me nā papahana turnkey kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka maʻamau, kūkulu mākou i ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa mai ka wā ʻōpala a laila ke kuleana no ia no ka manawa lōʻihi. No laila, ʻo ka hana nui a "Flant", kahi e loaʻa ai ke kālā lawe kuleana a hoʻokō i ka hana turnkey.
ʻO wau, ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi ʻenehana a me kekahi o nā mea hoʻokumu o ka ʻoihana, hoʻopau wau i ka lā a me ka pō e hoʻāʻo e noʻonoʻo pehea e hoʻonui ai i ka hiki o ka hana ʻana, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kāna hana, e maʻalahi ke ola o nā luna, a ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu o ke ola o nā mea hoʻomohala. .
No Kubernetes
— I kēia mau lā ua ʻike au i nā hōʻike he nui mai Flant a e pili ana i nā Kubernetes. Pehea ʻoe i hiki mai ai?
ʻO Dmitry: Ua kamaʻilio mua wau e pili ana i kēia i nā manawa he nui, akā ʻaʻole oʻu manaʻo e hana hou. Manaʻo wau he mea pono ke hana hou i kēia kumuhana no ka mea aia ka huikau ma waena o ke kumu a me ka hopena.
Pono mākou i kahi mea hana. Ua alo mākou i nā pilikia he nui, ua hakakā, ua lanakila me nā koʻokoʻo like ʻole a manaʻo mākou i ka pono o kahi mea hana. Ua hele mākou i nā koho like ʻole, kūkulu i kā mākou mau kaʻa ponoʻī, a loaʻa ka ʻike. Ua hele mālie mākou i kahi i hoʻomaka ai mākou e hoʻohana iā Docker i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai - ma kahi o 2013. I ka manawa i ʻike ʻia ai, ua loaʻa iā mākou ka ʻike nui me nā ipu, ua kākau mākou i kahi analogue o "Docker" - kekahi o kā mākou mau koʻokoʻo ma Python. Me ka hiki ʻana mai o Docker, ua hiki ke hoʻolei i nā koʻokoʻo a hoʻohana i kahi hopena hilinaʻi a kākoʻo ʻia e ke kaiāulu.
Me Kubernetes ua like ka moʻolelo. I ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai e loaʻa ka manawa - no mākou ʻo kēia ka mana 1.2 - ua loaʻa iā mākou kahi pūʻulu o nā koʻokoʻo ma Shell a me Chef, kahi a mākou i hoʻāʻo ai e hoʻonohonoho me Docker. Ke nānā nui nei mākou iā Rancher a me nā ʻano hoʻonā ʻē aʻe, akā ua kū mai ʻo Kubernetes, kahi i hoʻokō ʻia ai nā mea āpau e like me kā mākou e hana ai a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻAʻohe mea e hoʻopiʻi ai.
ʻAe, aia kekahi ʻano hemahema ma ʻaneʻi, aia kekahi ʻano hemahema ma laila - nui nā hemahema, a ʻo 1.2 ka mea weliweli maʻamau, akā ... Ua like ʻo Kubernetes me kahi hale e kūkulu ʻia nei - nānā ʻoe i ka papahana a maopopo. e maalili. Inā he kumu a he ʻelua papahele ka hale, a laila maopopo iā ʻoe ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka neʻe ʻana i loko, akā ʻaʻohe pilikia me ka polokalamu - hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana.
ʻAʻohe manawa a mākou i noʻonoʻo ai e hoʻohana iā Kubernetes a i ʻole. Ua kali mākou iā ia ma mua o ka puka ʻana, a hoʻāʻo e hana i nā analogues iā mākou iho.
No Kubernetes
— Ke komo pololei nei ʻoe i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Kubernetes ponoʻī?
ʻO Dmitry: Kūlike. Akā, komo mākou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka kaiaola. Hoʻouna mākou i kekahi helu o nā noi huki: iā Prometheus, i nā mea hoʻohana like ʻole, iā Helm - i ka kaiaola. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke mālama i nā mea a pau a mākou e hana ai a hiki iaʻu ke hewa, akā ʻaʻohe wai hoʻokahi mai mākou i loko o ke kumu.
— I ka manawa like, ke hoʻomohala nei ʻoe i kāu mau mea hana a puni Kubernetes?
ʻO Dmitry: ʻO ka hoʻolālā kēia: hele mākou a huki i nā noi i nā mea āpau i loaʻa. Inā ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā noi huki ma laila, ʻoki wale mākou iā mākou iho a ola a ʻae ʻia lākou me kā mākou kūkulu. A laila, ke hiki i luna, hoʻi mākou i ka mana o luna.
No ka laʻana, loaʻa iā mākou kahi mea hoʻohana Prometheus, kahi a mākou i hoʻololi ai i mua a i waho i ke kahawai o kā mākou hui ʻana paha 5 mau manawa. Pono mākou i kekahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona, ua hoʻouna mākou i kahi noi huki, pono mākou e ʻōwili iā ia i ka lā ʻapōpō, akā ʻaʻole makemake mākou e kali a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i uka. No laila, ʻākoakoa mākou no mākou iho, ʻōwili i kā mākou hui me kā mākou hiʻohiʻona, pono mākou no kekahi kumu, i kā mākou hui āpau. A laila, no ka laʻana, hoʻohuli lākou iā mākou i ka upstream me nā huaʻōlelo: "E nā kāne, e hana kāua no kahi hihia maʻamau," mākou, a i ʻole kekahi, hoʻopau iā ia, a ma hope o ka manawa e hui hou ai.
Ke ho'āʻo nei mākou e hoʻomohala i nā mea a pau. Nui nā mea i loaʻa ʻole, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia, a i ʻole i hana ʻia, akā ʻaʻohe manawa e hoʻokō - ke hana nei mākou. ʻAʻole no ka makemake mākou i ke kaʻina hana a i ʻole ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kaʻa ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana, akā no ka mea pono mākou i kēia mea hana. Ua nīnau pinepine ʻia ka nīnau, no ke aha mākou i hana ai i kēia a i kēlā mea? He maʻalahi ka pane - ʻae, no ka mea, pono mākou e hele i mua, e hoʻoponopono i kekahi pilikia kūpono, a ua hoʻoponopono mākou me kēia tula.
ʻO ke ala mau e like me kēia: ʻimi pono mākou a, inā ʻaʻole ʻike mākou i ka hopena o ka hana ʻana i kahi kaʻa kaʻa mai loko mai o kahi pānaʻi, a laila hana mākou i kā mākou berena ponoʻī a me kā mākou trolleybus ponoʻī.
Nā mea hana Flanta
- Ua ʻike wau aia ʻo Flant i kēia manawa he addon operators, shell operators, a me dapp/werf tools. E like me koʻu hoʻomaopopo ʻana, ʻo ia ka mea hana like ma nā ʻano incarnations like ʻole. Hoʻomaopopo pū wau he nui nā mea hana like ʻole i loko o Flaunt. He oiaio keia?
ʻO Dmitry: Nui aʻe kā mākou ma GitHub. Mai kaʻu mea e hoʻomanaʻo nei i kēia manawa, loaʻa iā mākou kahi palapala kūlana - he panel no Grafana i ʻike ʻia e nā mea a pau. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma nā ʻatikala ʻelua e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana o Kubernetes ma Medium. ʻAʻole hiki ke wehewehe pōkole i ke ʻano o ka statusmap - pono ia i kahi ʻatikala ʻokoʻa, akā he mea pono loa ia no ka nānā ʻana i ke kūlana i ka manawa, ʻoiai ma Kubernetes pono mākou e hōʻike i ke kūlana i ka manawa. Loaʻa iā mākou ka LogHouse - he mea kēia e pili ana i ka ClickHouse a me ka kilokilo ʻeleʻele no ka ʻohi ʻana i nā lāʻau ma Kubernetes.
Nui nā pono hana! A ʻoi aku ka nui, no ka mea, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia kekahi mau hoʻonā kūloko i kēia makahiki. ʻO nā mea nui loa e pili ana i ka mea hoʻohana addon, aia kahi pūʻulu o nā mea hoʻohui no Kubernetes, ala pehea e hoʻokomo pono ai i ka mana sert - kahi mea hana no ka mālama ʻana i nā palapala hōʻoia, pehea e hoʻokomo pono ai iā Prometheus me kahi pūʻulu o nā mea hoʻohui - aia kēia ma kahi o iwakālua mau ʻokoʻa. nā binaries e hoʻokuʻu aku i ka ʻikepili a hōʻiliʻili i kekahi mea, i kēia Prometheus loaʻa nā kiʻi kupanaha a me nā makaʻala. ʻO kēia mau mea a pau he pūʻulu o nā mea hoʻohui i nā Kubernetes, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi hui, a huli ia mai ka maʻalahi i ka maʻalili, maʻalahi, maʻalahi, kahi i hoʻoholo ʻia ai nā pilikia he nui. ʻAe, hana nui mākou.
Hoʻomohala kaiaola
"I koʻu manaʻo he kōkua nui kēia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia mea hana a me kāna mau ʻano hoʻohana." Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohālikelike i ka mea ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi like i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka kaiaola?
ʻO Dmitry: Ma Rusia, o nā hui e hana nei i kā mākou mākeke, ʻaʻohe mea kokoke. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he ʻōlelo leo nui kēia, no ka mea, aia nā mea pāʻani nui e like me Mail a me Yandex - ke hana nei lākou i kekahi mea me Kubernetes, akā ʻaʻole naʻe lākou e hoʻokokoke i ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā ʻoihana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o mākou. He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻohālikelike iā Flant, nona nā limahana o 80 poʻe, a me Red Hat, nona nā ʻenekini 300 i kēlā me kēia Kubernetes wale nō, inā ʻaʻole wau kuhihewa. He paʻakikī ke hoʻohālikelike. He 6 poʻe mākou ma ka ʻoihana RnD, me aʻu, nāna i ʻoki i kā mākou mau mea hana a pau. 6 mau kānaka me 300 Red Hat engineers - he mea paʻakikī ke hoʻohālikelike.
- Eia naʻe, inā hiki i kēia poʻe 6 ke hana i kahi mea pono a hoʻokaʻawale, ke kū nei lākou i kahi pilikia kūpono a hāʻawi i ka hopena i ke kaiāulu - kahi hihia hoihoi. Hoʻomaopopo wau i loko o nā ʻoihana ʻenehana nui, kahi i loaʻa iā lākou kā lākou Kubernetes hoʻomohala a me nā hui kākoʻo, ma ke kumu, hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia nā mea hana like. He laʻana kēia no lākou i nā mea e hiki ke hoʻomohala a hāʻawi ʻia i ke kaiāulu, e hāʻawi i ka ikaika i ke kaiāulu holoʻokoʻa e hoʻohana ana iā Kubernetes.
ʻO Dmitry: He hiʻohiʻona paha kēia o ka mea hoʻohui, kona ʻano. Nui kā mākou papahana a ʻike mākou i nā kūlana like ʻole. No mākou, ʻo ke ala nui e hana ai i ka waiwai hoʻohui, ʻo ia ke kālailai ʻana i kēia mau hihia, ʻimi i ka mea maʻamau a hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea maʻalahi no mākou. Ke hana ikaika nei mākou i kēia. He mea paʻakikī iaʻu e kamaʻilio e pili ana iā Rusia a me ka honua, akā aia mākou ma kahi o 40 DevOps engineers ma ka hui e hana nei ma Kubernetes. ʻAʻole wau i manaʻo he nui nā ʻoihana ma Rūsia me kahi helu like o nā loea i hoʻomaopopo i nā Kubernetes, inā loaʻa kekahi.
Hoʻomaopopo wau i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka inoa ʻoihana DevOps engineer, hoʻomaopopo nā mea āpau i nā mea āpau a hoʻohana ʻia i ke kāhea ʻana i nā ʻenekini DevOps DevOps engineers, ʻaʻole mākou e kūkākūkā i kēia. ʻO kēia mau mea ʻenekini DevOps he 40 e kū nei a hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻimi wale mākou i kēia ʻike a hoʻāʻo i ka laulā. Hoʻomaopopo mākou inā noho ia i loko o mākou, a laila i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki a ʻelua paha e lilo ka mea hana, no ka mea, ma kahi o ke kaiāulu e ʻike ʻia kahi Tula mākaukau. ʻAʻohe kumu o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i kēia ʻike i loko - ke hoʻokahe wale nei i ka ikehu a me ka manawa i dev/null. A ʻaʻole mākou minamina iki. Hoʻopuka mākou i nā mea a pau me ka hauʻoli nui a hoʻomaopopo he pono e paʻi ʻia, hoʻomohala, hoʻolaha, hoʻolaha ʻia, i hoʻohana ai nā kānaka a hoʻohui i kā lākou ʻike - a laila ulu nā mea āpau a ola. A laila ma hope o ʻelua makahiki ʻaʻole hele ka mea kani i ka ʻōpala. ʻAʻole ia he mea minamina e hoʻomau i ka ninini ʻana i ka ikaika, no ka mea ua maopopo ke hoʻohana nei kekahi i kāu mea hana, a ma hope o ʻelua mau makahiki e hoʻohana ana nā mea a pau.
He ʻāpana kēia o kā mākou hoʻolālā nui me dapp/werf. ʻAʻole wau e hoʻomanaʻo i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai mākou e hana, me he mea lā 3 mau makahiki i hala. I ka wā mua, aia ma ka pūpū. He hōʻoia maikaʻi loa ia o ka manaʻo, ua hoʻoponopono mākou i kekahi o kā mākou pilikia kūikawā - ua hana! Akā aia nā pilikia me ka pūpū, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui hou aku, ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma ka pūpū he hana ʻē aʻe. Ua maʻa mākou i ke kākau ʻana ma Ruby, no laila, hana hou mākou i kekahi mea ma Ruby, hoʻomohala, hoʻomohala, hoʻomohala, a holo i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke kaiāulu, ka lehulehu e ʻōlelo ʻole "makemake mākou a ʻaʻole makemake mākou, ” huli aʻe kona ihu iā Ruby, Pehea ʻaʻole ʻakaʻaka kēia? Ua ʻike mākou e kākau mākou i kēia mau mea āpau ma Go e hālāwai me ka helu mua ma ka papa inoa: Pono nā mea hana DevOps he binary static. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi ka hele a ʻaʻole paha, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi binary static i kākau ʻia ma Go.
Hoʻohana mākou i ko mākou ikaika, kākau hou i ka dapp ma Go a kapa ʻia ʻo werf. ʻAʻole kākoʻo hou ʻia ka Dapp, ʻaʻole i kūkulu ʻia, e holo ana i kekahi mana hou, akā aia kahi ala hoʻomaikaʻi piha i luna, a hiki iā ʻoe ke hahai.
No ke aha i hana ʻia ai ka dapp?
— Hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻi pōkole iā mākou i ke kumu i hana ʻia ai ka dapp, he aha nā pilikia e hoʻoponopono ai?
ʻO Dmitry: Aia ke kumu mua ma ka hui. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua loaʻa iā mākou nā pilikia koʻikoʻi me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka wā ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā Docker nā mana he nui, no laila ua hana mākou i nā pae he nui iā mākou iho. A laila ua loaʻa iā mākou ka nui o nā pilikia me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kiʻi. ʻO ka poʻe a pau e hana CI / CD, ma mua o ka wā ma hope, ke kū nei i ka pilikia aia he pūʻulu o nā kiʻi i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka mea pono ʻole a waiho i ka mea e pono ai.
ʻO ke kumu ʻelua ʻo ka hoʻolaha ʻana. ʻAe, aia he Helm, akā hoʻoponopono i kekahi o nā pilikia. ʻO ka mea leʻaleʻa, ua kākau ʻia ʻo "Helm ka Luna Hoʻokele no nā Kubernetes." ʻO ka mea pololei "ka". Aia kekahi mau huaʻōlelo "Package Manager" - he aha ka manaʻo maʻamau mai kahi Package Manager? 'Ōlelo mākou: "Package Manager - hoʻokomo i ka pūʻolo!" a ke manaʻo nei mākou e haʻi mai ʻo ia iā mākou: "Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka pūʻolo."
He mea maikaʻi ke ʻōlelo mākou: "Helm, e hoʻokomo i ka pōʻai," a i kāna pane ʻana ua hoʻokomo ʻo ia, ʻike ʻia ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana - hōʻike ʻo ia iā Kubernetes: "E hoʻomaka i kēia mea!", A inā paha i hoʻomaka a ʻaʻole paha. , inā paha he hana a ʻaʻole paha, ʻaʻole hoʻoponopono ʻo Helm i kēia pilikia.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Helm he mea hoʻoponopono kikokikona e hoʻouka i ka ʻikepili i nā Kubernetes.
Akā ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka waiho ʻana, makemake mākou e ʻike inā ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka noi no ka hana ʻana a i ʻole? ʻO ka ʻōwili ʻia e prod ʻo ia hoʻi ua neʻe ka noi ma laila, ua kau ʻia ka mana hou, a ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole ia e hāʻule i laila a pane pololei. ʻAʻole hoʻoponopono ʻo Helm i kēia pilikia ma kekahi ʻano. No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, pono ʻoe e hoʻoikaika nui, no ka mea pono ʻoe e hāʻawi iā Kubernetes i ke kauoha e ʻōwili i waho a nānā i nā mea e hana nei ma laila - inā i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a ʻōwili ʻia paha. A he nui nō hoʻi nā hana e pili ana i ka waiho ʻana, hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a me ka hui ʻana.
Hoʻolālā
I kēia makahiki e hoʻomaka mākou i ka hoʻomohala kūloko. Makemake mākou e hoʻokō i ka mea ma mua ma Vagrant - ua paʻi mākou i ka "vagrant up" a ua kau mākou i nā mīkini virtual. Makemake mākou e hele i kahi i loaʻa ai kahi papahana ma Git, kākau mākou i "werf up" ma laila, a lawe mai i kahi kope kūloko o kēia papahana, i kau ʻia ma kahi mini-Kub kūloko, me nā papa kuhikuhi āpau kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana. . Ma muli o ka ʻōlelo hoʻomohala, hana ʻokoʻa kēia, akā naʻe, i hiki ke hoʻokō pono ʻia ka hoʻomohala kūloko ma lalo o nā faila i kau ʻia.
ʻO ka hana aʻe no mākou hoʻokomo i ka maʻalahi no nā mea hoʻomohala. No ka hoʻopololei koke ʻana i kahi papahana ma ka ʻāina me hoʻokahi mea hana, hoʻomohala iā ia, paʻi iā ia i loko o Git, a e ʻōwili pū ʻia i ke kahua a i ʻole nā hoʻāʻo, e pili ana i nā pipeline, a laila hoʻohana i ka mea hana like e hele ai i ka hana. ʻO kēia lokahi, hoʻohui, reproducibility o nā ʻōnaehana mai ke kaiapuni kūloko a hiki i ke kūʻai aku he mea nui loa ia no mākou. Akā ʻaʻole kēia ma werf - ke hoʻolālā wale nei mākou e hana.
Akā ʻo ke ala i ka dapp/werf ua like nō ia me nā Kubernetes i ka hoʻomaka. Loaʻa mākou i nā pilikia, hoʻoponopono iā lākou me nā workarounds - ua loaʻa iā mākou kekahi mau hoʻonā no mākou iho ma ka pūpū, ma kekahi mea. A laila ua hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻoponopono i kēia mau workarounds, hoʻonui a hoʻohui iā lākou i nā binaries i kēia hihia, a mākou e kaʻana like.
Aia kekahi ala e nānā ai i kēia moʻolelo holoʻokoʻa, me nā mea hoʻohālikelike.
He pahu kaʻa ʻo Kubernetes me kahi ʻenekini. ʻAʻohe puka, aniani, lekiō, lāʻau Kalikimaka - ʻaʻohe mea ʻole. ʻO ke kiʻi a me ka mīkini wale nō. A aia ʻo Helm - ʻo ia ka huila hoʻokele. Cool - aia kahi huila, akā pono ʻoe i kahi pine hoʻokele, pahu hoʻokele, pahu pahu a me nā huila, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana me ka ʻole o lākou.
I ka hihia o werf, he mea ʻē aʻe kēia i nā Kubernetes. I kēia manawa wale nō ma ka alpha version of werf, no ka laʻana, ua hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Helm i loko o werf, no ka mea ua luhi mākou i ka hana ʻana iā mākou iho. Nui nā kumu e hana ai i kēia, e haʻi aku wau iā ʻoe i ka kikoʻī e pili ana i ke kumu i hōʻuluʻulu ai mākou i ka puʻu holoʻokoʻa me ka tiller inside werf .
I kēia manawa ʻo werf kahi mea i hoʻohui ʻia. Loaʻa iā mākou kahi huila hoʻokele, kahi pine hoʻokele - ʻaʻole wau maikaʻi loa i nā kaʻa, akā he poloka nui kēia i hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia ākea. ʻAʻole pono mākou e hele i loko o ka papa inoa iā mākou iho, koho i kahi ʻāpana no kekahi, e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻopili ʻana iā lākou. Loaʻa iā mākou kahi hui i mākaukau e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia he nui i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Akā i loko, kūkulu ʻia mai nā ʻāpana puna like like, hoʻohana mau ʻo ia iā Docker no ka hui ʻana, Helm no kekahi o nā hana, a aia kekahi mau hale waihona puke. He mea paahana kēia e kiʻi koke ai i ka CI/CD mai loko mai o ka pahu me ka maʻalahi.
Paʻakikī paha ka mālama ʻana iā Kubernetes?
— Ke kamaʻilio nei ʻoe e pili ana i ka ʻike āu i hoʻomaka ai e hoʻohana iā Kubernetes, he kiʻi kēia no ʻoe, he ʻenekini, a hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i nā mea like ʻole ma luna: ke kino, ka huila hoʻokele, ka wili ma nā pedals, nā noho. Aia ka nīnau - pehea ka paʻakikī o ke kākoʻo ʻana iā Kubernetes iā ʻoe? He nui kou ʻike, ʻehia ka manawa a me nā kumuwaiwai āu e hoʻolilo ai i ke kākoʻo ʻana iā Kubernetes ma kahi kaʻawale mai nā mea ʻē aʻe?
ʻO Dmitry: He nīnau paʻakikī loa kēia a no ka pane ʻana, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ke kākoʻo a me kā mākou makemake mai Kubernetes. Hiki paha iā ʻoe ke hōʻike?
— E like me kaʻu ʻike a me kaʻu e ʻike nei, i kēia manawa makemake nui nā hui e hoʻāʻo iā Kubernetes. Hoʻopili nā kānaka a pau iā lākou iho, kau ma luna o ko lākou mau kuli. He manaʻo koʻu ʻaʻole maopopo ka poʻe i ka paʻakikī o kēia ʻōnaehana.
ʻO Dmitry: Pela no.
— Pehea ka paʻakikī o ka lawe ʻana a hoʻokomo i nā Kubernetes mai ka wā ʻōpala i mākaukau ai ka hana?
ʻO Dmitry: Pehea kou manaʻo paʻakikī ke hoʻololi i ka puʻuwai? Maopopo iaʻu he nīnau kuʻikahi kēia. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka scalpel a ʻaʻole i kuhi hewa. Inā haʻi lākou iā ʻoe i kahi e ʻoki ai a me kahi e humuhumu ai, a laila ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana ponoʻī. He paʻakikī ke hōʻoia i kēlā me kēia manawa e holo pono nā mea a pau.
He mea maʻalahi ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā Kubernetes a hoʻokō: chick! - hoʻokomo ʻia, nui nā ʻano hoʻonohonoho. Akā, he aha ka hopena ke kū mai nā pilikia?
Piʻi mau nā nīnau - he aha kā mākou i noʻonoʻo ʻole ai? He aha kā mākou i hana ʻole ai? ʻO wai nā ʻāpana kernel Linux i kuhikuhi hewa ʻia? E ka Haku, ua ʻōlelo anei mākou iā lākou?! ʻO wai nā ʻāpana Kubernetes a mākou i hāʻawi ai a ʻaʻole mākou? He mau kaukani nīnau e ala mai, a no ka pane ʻana iā lākou, pono ʻoe e hoʻolilo i 15-20 mau makahiki ma kēia ʻoihana.
Loaʻa iaʻu kahi hiʻohiʻona hou e pili ana i kēia kumuhana e hōʻike paha i ke ʻano o ka pilikia "He paʻakikī paha ka mālama ʻana i nā Kubernetes?" I kekahi manawa i hala aku nei ua noʻonoʻo nui mākou inā e hoʻāʻo mākou e hoʻokō iā Cilium ma ke ʻano he pūnaewele ma Kubernetes.
E wehewehe wau i ke ʻano o Cilium. He nui nā hoʻokō ʻokoʻa ʻo Kubernetes o ka subsystem networking, a ʻo kekahi o lākou he ʻoluʻolu loa - Cilium. He aha kona manaʻo? I loko o ka kernel, i kekahi manawa i hala aku nei ua hiki ke kākau i nā makau no ka kernel, ma ke ʻano hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi e hoʻouka i ka subsystem pūnaewele a me nā ʻano subsystem ʻē aʻe, a ʻae iā ʻoe e kāpae i nā ʻāpana nui o ka kernel.
ʻO ka Linux kernel ma mua he ala ip, kahi overfilter, nā alahaka a me nā mea kahiko like ʻole he 15, 20, 30 mau makahiki. Ma keʻano laulā, hana lākou, maikaʻi nā mea a pau, akā i kēia manawa ua hōʻiliʻili lākou i nā pahu, a ua like ia me kahi hale kiaʻi o 15 mau pōhaku ma luna o kekahi, a kū ʻoe ma luna o ka wāwae hoʻokahi - he manaʻo ʻē. Ua ulu mua kēia ʻōnaehana me nā nuances he nui, e like me ka appendix i ke kino. I kekahi mau kūlana aia nā pilikia hana, no ka laʻana.
Aia kahi BPF maikaʻi a me ka hiki ke kākau i nā makau no ka kernel - ua kākau nā kāne i kā lākou mau makau no ka kernel. Hele mai ka pūʻolo i loko o ka kernel Linux, lawe lākou iā ia i waho ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana, e hana iā lākou iho e like me ka mea pono ʻole me ka ʻole o nā alahaka, me ka ʻole o TCP, me ka ʻole o kahi waihona IP - i ka pōkole, e kāpae i nā mea āpau i kākau ʻia ma ka kernel Linux, a laila kuha. i waho i ka ipu.
He aha i hana ai? ʻO ka hana maikaʻi loa, nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi - ʻoluʻolu wale nō! Akā ke nānā nei mākou i kēia a ʻike mākou aia ma kēlā me kēia mīkini kahi papahana e pili ana i ka Kubernetes API a, e pili ana i ka ʻikepili i loaʻa mai kēia API, hoʻopuka i ka code C a hōʻuluʻulu i nā binaries i hoʻouka ʻia i loko o ka kernel i hana kēia mau makau. i loko o ka lumi kernel.
He aha ka hana inā hewa kekahi mea? ʻAʻole mākou ʻike. No ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i kēia, ponoʻoe e heluhelu i kēia code a pau, e hoʻomaopopo i nā loina a pau, a he mea kupanaha ka paʻakikī. Akā, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, aia kēia mau alahaka, nā kānana ʻupena, ip rout - ʻaʻole wau i heluhelu i kā lākou kumu kumu, a ʻaʻole hoʻi nā ʻenekini 40 e hana nei i kā mākou hui. He kakaikahi wale no paha i maopopo i kekahi mau mahele.
A he aha ka ʻokoʻa? ʻIke ʻia aia he ip rout, ka Linux kernel, a aia kahi mea hana hou - he aha ka ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole maopopo mākou i kekahi a i ʻole kekahi. Akā hopohopo mākou e hoʻohana i kahi mea hou - no ke aha? No ka mea inā he 30 mau makahiki ka mea hana, a laila i loko o 30 mau makahiki ua ʻike ʻia nā pōpoki āpau, ua hehi ʻia nā hewa āpau a ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana i nā mea āpau - hana ia e like me ka pahu ʻeleʻele a hana mau. Ua ʻike ka poʻe āpau i ka screwdriver diagnostic e hoʻopili ai i kahi, kahi tcpdump e holo i ka manawa hea. ʻIke maikaʻi nā kānaka a pau i nā pono diagnostic a hoʻomaopopo i ka hana ʻana o kēia pūʻulu o nā ʻāpana i ka kernel Linux - ʻaʻole pehea e hana ai, akā pehea e hoʻohana ai.
A ʻaʻole 30 mau makahiki o ka Cilium maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻole i ʻelemakule. He pilikia like ko Kubernetes, kope. Ua hoʻokomo pono ʻia ʻo Cilium, ua hoʻokomo pono ʻia ʻo Kubernetes, akā inā hewa kekahi mea i ka hana ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo koke i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi i ka mea i hewa?
Ke ʻōlelo nei mākou he paʻakikī ka mālama ʻana i nā Kubernetes - ʻaʻole, maʻalahi loa, a ʻae, paʻakikī loa. Hana maikaʻi ʻo Kubernetes iā ia iho, akā me kahi piliona nuances.
E pili ana i ke ala "Laki wau".
- Aia nā hui kahi i ʻike ʻia ai kēia mau nuances? Inā hoʻololi koke ʻo Yandex i nā lawelawe āpau i Kubernetes, aia ka ukana nui ma laila.
ʻO Dmitry: ʻAʻole, ʻaʻole kēia he kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka ukana, akā no nā mea maʻalahi loa. No ka laʻana, loaʻa iā mākou nā Kubernetes, ua kau mākou i ka noi ma laila. Pehea ʻoe e ʻike ai e hana ana? ʻAʻohe mea hana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole hāʻule ka noi. ʻAʻohe ʻōnaehana mākaukau e hoʻouna i nā leka; pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i kēia mau māka a me kēlā me kēia papa hana. A ke hoʻonui nei mākou i nā Kubernetes.
Loaʻa iaʻu ʻo Ubuntu 16.04. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo he mana kahiko kēia, akā ke hoʻomau nei mākou no ka mea he LTS. Aia ka systemd, ka nuance o ia mea ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā hui C. Hoʻokuʻu ʻo Kubernetes i nā pods, hana i nā hui C, a laila holoi i nā pods, a ʻike ʻia - ʻaʻole wau e hoʻomanaʻo i nā kikoʻī, kala mai - e mau ana nā ʻāpana systemd. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka manawa, hoʻomaka kekahi kaʻa e lohi ikaika. ʻAʻole kēia he nīnau e pili ana i ka highload. Inā hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā pods mau, no ka laʻana, inā aia kahi Cron Job e hana mau i nā pods, a laila hoʻomaka ka mīkini me Ubuntu 16.04 e lohi ma hope o hoʻokahi pule. E loaʻa i ka awelika haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka mea i hana ʻia kahi pūʻulu o nā hui C. ʻO kēia ka pilikia a kēlā me kēia kanaka e hoʻokomo wale iā Ubuntu 16 a me Kubernetes ma luna.
E ʻōlelo mākou e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia i ka systemd a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, akā ma ka Linux kernel a hiki i 4.16 ʻoi aku ka leʻaleʻa - i ka wā e holoi ai ʻoe i nā hui C, lele lākou i loko o ka kernel a ʻaʻole i holoi ʻia. No laila, ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina o ka hana ʻana i kēia mīkini, ʻaʻole hiki ke nānā i nā helu hoʻomanaʻo no nā kapuahi. Lawe mākou i kahi faila, ʻōwili iā ia i loko o ka papahana, a ʻōwili ʻia hoʻokahi faila no 15 kekona, no ka mea, lōʻihi ka manawa o ka kernel e helu ai i hoʻokahi miliona C-pūʻulu i loko ona iho, me he mea lā ua holoi ʻia, akā ʻaʻole - ke kahe nei lākou. .
Nui nō nā mea liʻiliʻi ma ʻaneʻi. ʻAʻole kēia he pilikia e kū ai nā hui nunui i kekahi manawa ma lalo o nā ukana kaumaha loa - ʻaʻole, he mea ia o nā mea o kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki i ka poʻe ke noho e like me kēia no nā mahina - ua hoʻokomo lākou i nā Kubernetes, hoʻonoho i ka noi - me he mea lā e hana. No nā poʻe he mea maʻamau kēia. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻike e hāʻule kēia noi no kekahi kumu, ʻaʻole lākou e loaʻa i kahi makaʻala, akā no lākou ka mea maʻamau. Ma mua, noho mākou ma nā mīkini virtual me ka nānā ʻole ʻana, i kēia manawa ua neʻe mākou i Kubernetes, me ka nānā ʻole - he aha ka ʻokoʻa?
ʻO ka nīnau, ke hele mākou ma luna o ka hau, ʻaʻole ʻike mākou i kona mānoanoa ke ʻole mākou e ana ma mua. Nui ka poʻe e hele a hopohopo ʻole, no ka mea, ua hele mua lākou.
Mai koʻu manaʻo, ʻo ka nuance a me ka paʻakikī o ka hana ʻana i kekahi ʻōnaehana e hōʻoia i ka lawa pono o ka mānoanoa o ka hau e hoʻoponopono i kā mākou pilikia. ʻO kēia kā mākou e kamaʻilio nei.
I loko o IT, me he mea lā iaʻu, he nui loa nā ala "Laki wau". Nui ka poʻe e hoʻokomo i nā polokalamu a hoʻohana i nā hale waihona puke me ka manaʻolana e loaʻa iā lākou ka laki. Ma keʻano laulā, laki ka poʻe he nui. ʻO ia paha ke kumu e hana ai.
- Mai kaʻu loiloi pessimistic, ʻike ʻia e like me kēia: ke kiʻekiʻe nā pilikia, a pono e hana ka noi, a laila pono ke kākoʻo mai Flaunt, mai Red Hat paha, a i ʻole pono ʻoe i kāu hui kūloko i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no Kubernetes, ua mākaukau. e huki aku.
ʻO Dmitry: ʻO ka pahuhopu, pēlā nō. ʻO ke komo ʻana i ka moʻolelo Kubernetes no kahi hui liʻiliʻi iā ʻoe iho e pili ana i kekahi mau pilikia.
Pono mākou i nā pahu?
— Hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻi mai iā mākou i ka laha nui o Kubernetes ma Rusia?
ʻO Dmitry: ʻAʻole loaʻa iaʻu kēia ʻikepili, a ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe. 'Ōlelo mākou: "Kubernetes, Kubernetes," akā aia kekahi ala e nānā ai i kēia pilikia. ʻAʻole au i ʻike i ka laha nui o nā ipu, akā ʻike wau i kahi helu mai nā hōʻike ma ka Pūnaewele ʻo 70% o nā ipu i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e Kubernetes. He kumu hilinaʻi ia no kahi laʻana nui a puni ka honua.
A laila kekahi nīnau - pono mākou i nā ipu? ʻO koʻu manaʻo pilikino a me ke kūlana holoʻokoʻa o ka hui Flant ʻo Kubernetes kahi maʻamau de facto.
ʻAʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ʻo Kubernetes wale nō.
He mea hoʻololi pāʻani piha kēia ma ke kahua o ka hoʻokele waiwai. Maʻa wale - ʻo ia, ʻaʻohe Ansible, Chef, nā mīkini virtual, Terraform. ʻAʻole wau e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻano mahiʻai hui kahiko. He mea hoʻololi maoli ʻo Kubernetes, a i kēia manawa e like wale nō ia.
Ua maopopo no kekahi, he mau makahiki ia, a no kekahi mau makahiki he mau makahiki, e ike i keia. ʻAʻohe oʻu kānalua ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ʻo Kubernetes a me kēia hiʻohiʻona hou: ʻaʻole mākou e hōʻino hou i ka ʻōnaehana hana, akā hoʻohana. ʻoihana e like me ke code, ʻaʻole wale me ke code, akā me yml - kahi ʻōnaehana i wehewehe ʻia. He manaʻo koʻu e mau ana kēia.
— ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo kēlā mau hui i hoʻololi ʻole iā Kubernetes e hoʻololi maoli iā ia a i ʻole e noho poina. Ua hoʻomaopopo pono au iā ʻoe?
ʻO Dmitry: ʻAʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia. No ka laʻana, inā loaʻa iā mākou ka hana o ka holo ʻana i kahi kikowaena DNS, a laila hiki ke holo ma FreeBSD 4.10 a hiki ke hana maikaʻi no 20 mau makahiki. E hana wale a ʻo ia nō. Malia paha i loko o 20 mau makahiki e pono e hoʻonui ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka lako polokalamu i ke ʻano a mākou i hoʻomaka ai a hana maoli ia no nā makahiki he nui me ka ʻole o nā mea hou, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana, a laila, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe Kubernetes. ʻAʻole pono ʻo ia ma laila.
ʻO nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka CI/CD - ma nā wahi a pau e pono ai ka Hoʻouna Hoʻomau, kahi e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻololi i nā mana, e hana i nā loli ikaika, ma nā wahi āu e pono ai e kūkulu i ka hoʻomanawanui hewa - ʻo Kubernetes wale nō.
E pili ana i nā microservices
- Eia ka'u he dissonance iki. No ka hana pū me Kubernetes, pono ʻoe i ke kākoʻo o waho a i ʻole - ʻo ia ka helu mua. ʻO ka lua, ke hoʻomaka wale nei mākou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana, he mea hoʻomaka liʻiliʻi mākou, ʻaʻohe mea i kēia manawa, hiki ke paʻakikī ka hoʻomohala ʻana no Kubernetes a i ʻole microservice architecture ma ke ʻano ākea a ʻaʻole i hoʻāpono ʻia i ka ʻoihana. Makemake wau i kou manaʻo - pono e hoʻomaka koke nā mea hoʻomaka e kākau no nā Kubernetes mai ka wā ʻōpala, a i ʻole hiki iā lākou ke kākau i kahi monolith, a laila hele wale mai i Kubernetes?
ʻO Dmitry: Nīnau ʻoluʻolu. He kamaʻilio kaʻu e pili ana i nā microservices Ua ʻike pinepine au i nā poʻe e hoʻāʻo ana e hamali i nā kui me ka microscope. Ua pololei ke ala; ʻo mākou iho e hoʻolālā i kā mākou polokalamu kūloko i kēia ala. Akā ke hana ʻoe i kēia, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo pono i kāu mea e hana nei. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo aʻu e inaina nui ai e pili ana i nā microservices he "micro." Ma ka mōʻaukala, ua puka mai kēia huaʻōlelo ma laila, a no kekahi kumu i manaʻo ai ka poʻe he liʻiliʻi loa ka micro, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka millimeter, e like me ka micrometer. He hewa kēia.
No ka laʻana, aia kahi monolith i kākau ʻia e 300 poʻe, a ʻo ka poʻe a pau i komo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana e hoʻomaopopo aia aia nā pilikia ma laila, a pono e wāwahi ʻia i nā ʻāpana micro - ma kahi o 10 mau ʻāpana, ua kākau ʻia kēlā me kēia e 30 mau kānaka. ma kahi liʻiliʻi loa. He mea nui kēia, pono a ʻoluʻolu. Akā i ka wā e hiki mai ai kahi hoʻomaka iā mākou, kahi i kākau ai 3 mau mea ʻoluʻolu a akamai i nā microservices 60 ma ko lākou mau kuli, i kēlā me kēia manawa aʻu e ʻimi ai iā Corvalol.
Me he mea lā ua kamaʻilio mua ʻia kēia e pili ana i nā kaukani mau manawa - ua loaʻa iā mākou kahi monolith i hāʻawi ʻia i kekahi ʻano a i ʻole. ʻAʻole kūpono kēia i ka hoʻokele waiwai, paʻakikī loa i ka laulā ma nā mea āpau. Ua ʻike pinepine au i kēia i mea e ʻeha loa iaʻu, no laila ke hoʻomau nei au e kamaʻilio e pili ana.
I ka nīnau mua, aia kahi paio ma waena o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, weliweli ʻo Kubernetes e hoʻohana, no ka mea ʻaʻole maopopo i ka mea e haki ai i laila a i ʻole hana, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua maopopo ka hele ʻana o nā mea āpau ma laila. ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ʻo Kubernetes wale nō. Pane - e kaupaona i ka nui o ka pono e hiki mai ana, ka nui o na hana e hiki ai ia oe ke hooponopono. Aia kēia ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka pālākiō. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, aia nā pilikia e pili ana i ka downtime a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o ka manawa pane, ka pae o ka loaʻa - me ka emi ʻana o nā hōʻailona hana.
Eia kēia - a i ʻole mākou e neʻe wikiwiki, a ʻae ʻo Kubernetes iā mākou e hana i nā mea he nui i ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a me ka maikaʻi, a i ʻole mākou e hoʻohana i nā hopena hilinaʻi, i hoʻāʻo ʻia i ka manawa, akā e neʻe mālie. He koho kēia e pono ai kēlā me kēia ʻoihana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo iā ia he ala i loko o ka ululāʻau - ke hele ʻoe no ka manawa mua, hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ka nahesa, ka tiger a i ʻole ka ʻino pupule, a ke hele ʻoe i 10 mau manawa, ua hehi ʻoe i ke ala, wehe ʻia. nā lālā a maʻalahi ka heleʻana. I kēlā me kēia manawa e ākea ke ala. A laila, he alanui asphalt ia, a ma hope he alahele nani.
ʻAʻole kū mālie ʻo Kubernetes. Nīnau hou: ʻO Kubernetes, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, he 4-5 binaries, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ia ka kaiaola holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia ka ʻōnaehana hana i loaʻa iā mākou ma kā mākou mīkini. He aha kēia? ʻO Ubuntu a i ʻole Curios? ʻO kēia ka Linux kernel, he pūʻulu o nā mea hou aku. ʻO kēia mau mea a pau ma ʻaneʻi, hoʻokahi nahesa ʻawaʻawa i kiola ʻia ma waho o ke alanui, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi pā ma laila. Ke ulu nei ʻo Kubernetes me ka wikiwiki a me ka ikaika, a ke emi nei ka nui o nā pilikia, ka nui o nā mea ʻike ʻole i kēlā me kēia mahina a, no laila, ke hoʻohālikelike nei kēia mau unahi.
I ka pane ʻana i ka nīnau o ka mea e hana ai kahi hoʻomaka, e ʻōlelo wau - e hele mai i Flaunt, uku 150 tausani rubles a loaʻa kahi lawelawe maʻalahi DevOps turnkey. Inā he hoʻomaka liʻiliʻi ʻoe me kekahi mau mea hoʻomohala, hana kēia. Ma kahi o ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i kāu DevOps ponoʻī, pono e aʻo pehea e hoʻoponopono ai i kāu mau pilikia a uku i ka uku i kēia manawa, e loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hopena turnkey i nā pilikia āpau. ʻAe, aia kekahi mau hemahema. ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou, ma ke ʻano he outsourcer, ke komo a pane koke i nā loli. Akā he nui kā mākou akamai a me nā hana i mākaukau. Ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo nei mākou i kēlā me kēia kūlana e ʻike koke mākou a hoʻāla i nā Kubernetes mai ka make.
Paipai ikaika wau i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā hoʻomaka a hoʻokumu i nā ʻoihana a hiki i kahi nui e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻolaʻa i kahi hui o 10 poʻe i nā hana, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe kumu. Maikaʻi maoli ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kēia.
E pili ana iā Amazon a me Google
— Hiki i ka mea hoʻokipa mai kahi hoʻonā mai Amazon a i ʻole Google ke manaʻo ʻia he kumu waho?
ʻO Dmitry: ʻAe, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻoponopono kēia i kekahi mau pilikia. Akā aia hou nā nuances. Pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo pehea e hoʻohana ai. Eia kekahi laʻana, aia hoʻokahi tausani mau mea liʻiliʻi i ka hana a Amazon AWS: pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka Load Balancer a i ʻole e kākau mua ʻia kahi noi "e nā kāne, e loaʻa iā mākou ke kaʻa, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka Load Balancer no mākou!" Pono ʻoe e ʻike i kēia mau nuances.
Ke huli ʻoe i ka poʻe loea i kēia, kokoke ʻoe e pani i nā mea maʻamau. Loaʻa iā mākou he 40 mau ʻenekini, ma ka hopena o ka makahiki aia paha he 60 - ua ʻike maoli mākou i kēia mau mea āpau. ʻOiai inā e hālāwai hou mākou i kēia pilikia ma kekahi papahana, nīnau koke mākou i kekahi i kekahi a ʻike pehea e hoʻoponopono ai.
Malia paha ʻo ka pane - ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kahi moʻolelo hoʻokipa e maʻalahi i kekahi ʻāpana. ʻO ka nīnau inā paha ua mākaukau ʻoe e hilinaʻi i kēia mau hosters a inā paha e hoʻoponopono lākou i kāu mau pilikia. Ua hana maikaʻi ʻo Amazon a me Google. No kā mākou mau hihia - pololei. ʻAʻohe o mākou mau ʻike maikaʻi. ʻO nā ao ʻē aʻe a pau a mākou i hoʻāʻo ai e hana me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pilikia he nui - Ager, a me nā mea a pau ma Rūsia, a me nā ʻano OpenStack āpau i nā hoʻokō like ʻole: Headster, Overage - nā mea āu e makemake ai. Hana lākou a pau i nā pilikia āu e makemake ʻole e hoʻoponopono.
No laila, ʻae ka pane, akā, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole nui loa nā hoʻonā hoʻokipa makua.
ʻO wai ka mea e pono ai iā Kubernetes?
— Eia naʻe, ʻo wai ka mea e pono ai iā Kubernetes? ʻO wai ka mea pono e hoʻololi i nā Kubernetes, ʻo wai ka mea kūʻai aku Flaunt maʻamau i hele mai no nā Kubernetes?
ʻO Dmitry: He nīnau hoihoi kēia, no ka mea, i kēia manawa, ma hope o nā Kubernetes, nui ka poʻe i hele mai iā mākou: "E nā kāne, ʻike mākou ke hana nei ʻoe i nā Kubernetes, e hana mai iā mākou!" Pane mākou iā lākou: "E nā kāne, ʻaʻole mākou e hana i nā Kubernetes, ke hana nei mākou a me nā mea a pau e pili ana me ia." No ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i kēia manawa ke hana i kahi huahana me ka hana ʻole i ka CI/CD āpau a me kēia moʻolelo holoʻokoʻa. Ua neʻe ka poʻe a pau mai ka mahele i loaʻa iā mākou ma ka hoʻomohala ʻana, a laila hoʻohana ʻia e ka hoʻohana.
Manaʻo kā mākou mea kūʻai aku i nā mea like ʻole, akā ke kali nei nā mea a pau i kahi hana mana maikaʻi i loaʻa iā lākou kekahi mau pilikia, a i kēia manawa - hop! - Na Kubernetes e hoʻoponopono iā lākou. Manaʻo nā kānaka i nā hana mana. I loko o ko lākou mau manaʻo, hoʻomaopopo lākou ʻaʻole he hana mana, akā i loko o ko lākou ʻuhane ke manaʻolana nei lākou - pehea inā e hoʻoponopono kēia Kubernetes i nā mea āpau no mākou, kamaʻilio nui lākou e pili ana i ia! ʻAʻole koke ʻo ia i kēia manawa - sneeze! - a he pōkā kālā, kihe! - a loaʻa iā mākou he 100% uptime, hiki i nā mea hoʻomohala āpau ke hoʻokuʻu i nā mea āpau i loaʻa i ka hana 50 mau manawa, ʻaʻole ia e hāʻule. Ma keʻano laulā, he hana mana!
Ke hele mai kēlā poʻe iā mākou, ʻōlelo mākou: "E kala mai, akā ʻaʻohe mea e like me kahi hana mana." No ke olakino, pono ʻoe e ʻai maikaʻi a hoʻoikaika kino. No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi huahana hilinaʻi, pono e hana pono ʻia. No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi CI/CD kūpono, pono ʻoe e hana e like me kēia. He nui ka hana e pono ai ke hana.
Pane i ka nīnau o ka mea e pono ai iā Kubernetes - ʻaʻohe mea e pono iā Kubernetes.
Manaʻo hewa kekahi poʻe he pono lākou i nā Kubernetes. Pono ka poʻe, pono lākou e ho'ōki i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, ke aʻo ʻana, a me ka hoihoi i nā pilikia āpau o ka ʻoihana a me nā pilikia o ka holo ʻana i kā lākou mau noi. Makemake lākou e hana wale nā noi a kau wale. No lākou, ʻo Kubernetes ka manaʻolana e hoʻōki lākou i ka lohe ʻana i ka moʻolelo "e moe ana mākou ma laila," a i ʻole "ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻōwili i waho," a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe.
Hele mai ka luna ʻenehana iā mākou. Nīnau lākou iā ia i ʻelua mau mea: ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hāʻawi iā mākou i nā hiʻohiʻona, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, kūpaʻa. Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e lawe iā ʻoe iho a hana. ʻO ka pōkā kala, a i ʻole ka uhi kālā, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻōki ai ʻoe i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kēia mau pilikia a me ka hoʻopau manawa. Loaʻa iā ʻoe nā kānaka kūikawā nāna e pani i kēia pilikia.
ʻAʻole pololei ka ʻōlelo a mākou a i ʻole kekahi mea e pono ai iā Kubernetes.
Pono maoli nā Admins i nā Kubernetes, no ka mea, he pāʻani hoihoi loa ia e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke pāʻani a pāʻani pū me. E ʻoiaʻiʻo kākou - makemake nā kānaka a pau i nā mea pāʻani. He kamaliʻi mākou a pau ma kekahi wahi, a ke ʻike mākou i kahi mea hou, makemake mākou e pāʻani. No kekahi, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia kēia, no ka laʻana, i ka hoʻokele, no ka mea, ua pāʻani nui lākou a ua luhi a hiki i ka manawa ʻaʻole lākou makemake. Akā ʻaʻole nalo loa kēia i kekahi. No ka laʻana, inā ua luhi wau i nā mea pāʻani ma ke kahua o ka hoʻokele ʻōnaehana a me DevOps no ka manawa lōʻihi, a laila makemake mau wau i nā mea pāʻani, ke kūʻai mau nei au i nā mea hou. Makemake nā kānaka a pau i kekahi ʻano mea pāʻani.
ʻAʻole pono e pāʻani me ka hana. ʻO nā mea āpau aʻu e ʻōlelo nei ʻaʻole e hana a me kaʻu e ʻike nei i kēia manawa ma ka nui: "ʻAe, he mea pāʻani hou!" — holo lākou e kūʻai, kūʻai a: "E lawe kāua i ke kula i kēia manawa a hōʻike i nā hoaaloha āpau." Mai hana i kēia. Ke kala aku nei au, ke ulu wale nei kaʻu mau keiki, ʻike mau wau i kekahi mea i nā keiki, e ʻike i loko oʻu iho, a laila e hoʻonui i nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka pane hope: ʻaʻole pono ʻoe iā Kubernetes. Pono ʻoe e hoʻoponopono i kāu mau pilikia.
ʻO ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō:
- ʻaʻole hāʻule ka prod;
- inā paha e hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hāʻule, ua ʻike mua mākou iā ia, a hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokomo i kekahi mea i loko;
- hiki iā mākou ke hoʻololi i ka wikiwiki e koi ai kā mākou ʻoihana, a hiki iā mākou ke hana maʻalahi; ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia iā mākou.
ʻElua mau pono maoli: ka hilinaʻi a me ka dynamism/flexibility o ka rollout. ʻO ka poʻe a pau e hana nei i kekahi ʻano papahana IT, ʻaʻohe mea i ke ʻano o ka ʻoihana - palupalu no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka honua, a ʻo ka mea hoʻomaopopo i kēia, pono e hoʻoponopono i kēia mau pono. ʻO nā Kubernetes me ke ala kūpono, me ka ʻike kūpono a me ka ʻike lawa e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻoponopono iā lākou.
No serverless
- Inā ʻoe e nānā hou aʻe i ka wā e hiki mai ana, a laila e hoʻāʻo e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻole o nā poʻo me ka ʻōnaehana, me ka wikiwiki o ka rollout a me ka wikiwiki o nā loli noi, ʻike ʻia nā hopena hou, no ka laʻana, serverless. Manaʻo paha ʻoe i kahi kūpono i kēia ʻaoʻao a, e ʻōlelo kākou, he pōʻino no nā Kubernetes a me nā hoʻonā like?
ʻO Dmitry: Eia ka makou e olelo hou aku ai, aole au he makaula nana i mua a olelo aku - e like auanei ia! ʻOiai ua hana wau i ka mea like. Ke nānā nei au i koʻu mau wāwae a ʻike i nā pilikia ma laila, no ka laʻana, pehea ka hana o nā transistors i kahi kamepiula. He ʻakaʻaka, ʻeā? Ke ʻike nei mākou i kekahi mau hewa i ka CPU.
E hoʻolilo i ka serverless i hilinaʻi ʻole, ʻuʻuku, kūpono a maʻalahi hoʻi, e hoʻoholo i nā pilikia kaiaola. Ma ʻaneʻi, ʻae wau me Elon Musk e pono ai kahi honua lua e hana i ka hoʻomanawanui hewa no ke kanaka. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu i kāna ʻōlelo ʻana, maopopo iaʻu ʻaʻole wau i mākaukau e lele i Mars noʻu iho a ʻaʻole hiki ia i ka lā ʻapōpō.
Me ka serverless ʻike maopopo ʻia he mea kūpono kēia, e like me ka hoʻomanawanui hewa ʻana no ke kanaka - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ʻelua honua ma mua o hoʻokahi. Akā pehea e hana ai i kēia manawa? ʻAʻole pilikia ka hoʻouna ʻana i hoʻokahi huakaʻi inā e noʻonoʻo ʻoe i kāu mau hana. ʻO ka hoʻouna ʻana i kekahi mau huakaʻi a hoʻonoho i kekahi mau tausani kānaka ma laila, manaʻo wau, he mea maoli nō hoʻi. Akā, i mea e hoʻomanawanui loa ai i ka hapalua o ke kanaka e noho ana ma laila, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke noʻonoʻo ʻia.
Me ka serverless i hoʻokahi: ʻoluʻolu ka mea, akā mamao loa ia mai nā pilikia o 2019. Kokoke aku i ka makahiki 2030 - e ola kākou e ʻike. ʻAʻohe oʻu kānalua e ola mākou, e ola maoli mākou (e hana hou ma mua o ka moe ʻana), akā i kēia manawa pono mākou e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia ʻē aʻe. Ua like ia me ka manaʻoʻiʻo i ka moʻolelo moʻolelo pony Rainbow. ʻAe, ua hoʻoholo ʻia he mau pākēneka o nā hihia, a ua hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻia lākou, akā ma ke kumu, serverless he ānuenue ... Noʻu, mamao loa kēia kumuhana a hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo. ʻAʻole wau mākaukau e kamaʻilio. Ma 2019, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kākau i kahi noi hoʻokahi me ka serverless.
Pehea e ulu ai nā Kubernetes
— Ke neʻe nei mākou i kēia wā e hiki mai ana, pehea kou manaʻo e ulu mai ʻo Kubernetes a me ka kaiaola a puni?
ʻO Dmitry: Ua noʻonoʻo nui wau i kēia a he pane maopopo kaʻu. ʻO ka mea mua he statefull - ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka stateless. Ua hoʻokomo mua ʻo Kubernetes i kēia, hoʻomaka me ia. Hana maikaʻi ʻo Stateless ma Kubernetes, ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻopiʻi ai. Nui nā pilikia, a i ʻole, nā nuances. Ua hana maikaʻi nā mea a pau ma laila, akā ʻo mākou. He ʻelua mau makahiki hou aʻe e hana ai kēia no kēlā me kēia. ʻAʻole kēia he hōʻailona helu, akā koʻu manaʻo mai koʻu poʻo.
I ka pōkole, pono ka statefull - a e hoʻomohala ikaika loa, no ka mea, kūʻai kā mākou mau noi āpau i ke kūlana; ʻaʻohe palapala stateless. He hoʻopunipuni kēia; pono mau ʻoe i kekahi ʻano waihona a me kekahi mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO Statefull e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā mea āpau e hiki ai, hoʻoponopono i nā pōpoki āpau, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā pilikia āpau e kū nei i kēia manawa - e kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia, ke kiʻekiʻe o nā pilikia i hoʻoholo ʻole ʻia, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ke hālāwai me kekahi mea e hāʻule nui. He moʻolelo koʻikoʻi kēia. A me nā mea hoʻohana - nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka codification o ka hoʻokele logic, control logic i mea e loaʻa ai kahi lawelawe maʻalahi: lawelawe maʻalahi MySQL, lawelawe maʻalahi RabbitMQ, lawelawe maʻalahi Memcache - ma ka laulā, ʻo kēia mau mea āpau e pono ai mākou e hōʻoiaʻiʻo e hana i waho. ka pahu. Hoʻopau wale kēia i ka ʻeha a mākou e makemake ai i kahi waihona, akā ʻaʻole makemake mākou e lawelawe, a makemake mākou iā Kubernetes, akā ʻaʻole makemake mākou e lawelawe.
He mea koʻikoʻi kēia moʻolelo o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mea hoʻohana ma kekahi ʻano a i ʻole kekahi i nā makahiki ʻelua e hiki mai ana.
Manaʻo wau e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana - e lilo ka pahu i ʻeleʻele, ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi, me nā puʻupuʻu maʻalahi.
Ua hoʻolohe au i kahi nīnauele kahiko me Isaac Asimov mai ka makahiki 80 ma YouTube ma ka Pōʻaono Night Live - kahi papahana e like me Urgant, hoihoi wale. Ua nīnau lākou iā ia e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā kamepiula. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, aia ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka maʻalahi, e like me ka lekiō. He mea paʻakikī ka mea hoʻokipa lekiō. No ka hopu ʻana i ka nalu, pono ʻoe e hoʻohuli i nā pihi no 15 mau minuke, e hoʻohuli i nā skewers a ʻike maʻamau i ka hana ʻana o nā mea a pau, hoʻomaopopo i ka physics o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka nalu radio. ʻO ka hopena, hoʻokahi wale nō pihi i koe i ka lekiō.
I kēia manawa i ka makahiki 2019 he aha ka lekiō? I loko o ke kaʻa, ʻike ka mea lekiō i nā nalu āpau a me nā inoa o nā kikowaena. ʻAʻole i loli ka physics o ke kaʻina hana i nā makahiki 100, akā ua maʻalahi ka hoʻohana. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole wale i kēia manawa, i ka makahiki 1980, i ka wā i hālāwai ai me Azimov, ua hoʻohana nā mea a pau i ka lekiō a ʻaʻohe mea i manaʻo e pili ana i ka hana. Ua hana mau - ua hāʻawi ʻia.
A laila ʻōlelo ʻo Azimov e like nō ia me nā kamepiula - e maʻalahi ka hoʻohana. ʻOiai i ka makahiki 1980 pono ʻoe e aʻo ʻia e kaomi i nā pihi ma ke kamepiula, ʻaʻole pēlā ka hihia ma kēia mua aku.
Loaʻa iaʻu ka manaʻo me Kubernetes a me nā ʻōnaehana e piʻi nui ana ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana. ʻO kēia, i koʻu manaʻo, ua maopopo - aia ma ka ʻili.
He aha ka hana me nā ʻenekinia?
— He aha ka hopena i nā ʻenekinia a me nā luna ʻōnaehana e kākoʻo ana iā Kubernetes?
ʻO Dmitry: He aha ka mea i hana i ka mea helu ma hope o ka hiki ʻana mai o 1C? Ma kahi like. Ma mua o kēia, helu lākou ma ka pepa - i kēia manawa i ka papahana. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hana ma nā kauoha o ka nui, akā ʻaʻole i nalowale ka hana ponoʻī. Inā ma mua he 10 mau ʻenekinia e wili i kahi ʻōpuʻu kukui, i kēia manawa ua lawa kekahi.
ʻO ka nui o nā polokalamu a me ka helu o nā hana, me he mea lā iaʻu, ke ulu nei i ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka puka ʻana o DevOps hou a ke piʻi nei ka pono. Aia kahi hemahema ma ka mākeke i kēia manawa a lōʻihi ka manawa. Ma hope, e hoʻi nā mea a pau i kekahi ʻano maʻamau, kahi e hoʻonui ai ka pono o ka hana, e nui aʻe ka serverless, e hoʻopili ʻia kahi neuron iā Kubernetes, kahi e koho ai i nā kumuwaiwai āpau e like me ka mea e pono ai, a ma ka laulā. e hana i nā mea a pau, e like me ka mea e pono ai - e hele wale ke kanaka a ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia.
Akā, pono kekahi e hoʻoholo. He mea maopopo loa ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka hana kūikawā o kēia kanaka. I kēia mau lā, ma ke keʻena helu helu, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe i nā limahana 10 e mālama i nā puke i ʻole e luhi ko lākou mau lima. ʻAʻole pono. Nui nā palapala i ʻimi ʻia a ʻike ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele palapala uila. Ua lawa ka luna helu helu akamai, me ka ʻoi aku o ka mākaukau, me ka ʻike maikaʻi.
Ma keʻano laulā,ʻo kēia ke ala e hele ai i nāʻoihana a pau. Ua like ia me nā kaʻa: ma mua, ua hele mai kahi kaʻa me kahi mechanic a me ʻekolu mau mea hoʻokele. I kēia mau lā, ʻo ke kaʻa kaʻa he hana maʻalahi ia e komo ai mākou i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAʻohe mea i manaʻo he mea paʻakikī ke kaʻa.
ʻAʻole e hele ʻo DevOps a i ʻole ʻenehana ʻōnaehana - e piʻi aʻe ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka pono.
— Ua lohe no hoi au i kekahi manao hoihoi e pii maoli ana ka hana.
ʻO Dmitry: ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻokahi haneli pākēneka! No ka mea ke ulu mau nei ka nui o ka lako polokalamu a mākou e kākau ai. Ke ulu mau nei ka nui o nā pilikia a mākou e hoʻoponopono ai me nā polokalamu. Ke ulu nei ka nui o ka hana. I kēia manawa ua wela loa ka mākeke DevOps. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia ma nā manaʻolana uku. Ma ke ala maikaʻi, me ka ʻole o ka hele ʻana i nā kikoʻī, pono e loaʻa nā juniors i makemake iā X, nā waena i makemake i 1,5X, a me nā poʻe kiʻekiʻe e makemake i 2X. A i kēia manawa, inā ʻoe e nānā i ka mākeke uku uku ʻo Moscow DevOps, makemake kahi junior mai X a 3X a makemake kahi poʻokela mai X a 3X.
ʻAʻohe mea i ʻike i ke kumukūʻai. ʻO ka pae uku e ana ʻia e kou hilinaʻi - he hale pupule piha, e ʻoiaʻiʻo, kahi mākeke overheated.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, e loli koke kēia kūlana - pono e kū kekahi saturation. ʻAʻole kēia ka hihia me ka hoʻomohala polokalamu - ʻoiai ʻo ka mea e pono ai nā mea a pau i nā mea hoʻomohala, a pono nā mea a pau i nā mea hoʻomohala maikaʻi, ʻike ka mākeke i ka mea kūpono - ua noho ka ʻoihana. ʻAʻole ia ka hihia me DevOps i kēia mau lā.
- Mai kaʻu mea i lohe ai, ua hoʻoholo wau ʻaʻole pono e hopohopo nui ka luna hoʻomalu o kēia manawa, akā ʻo ka manawa kēia e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kona mau mākaukau a hoʻomākaukau no ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka lā ʻapōpō e ʻoi aku ka hana, akā e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
ʻO Dmitry: Hookahi haneri pakeneka. Ma keʻano laulā, ke ola nei mākou i ka makahiki 2019 a ʻo ke kānāwai o ke ola kēia: aʻo ola - aʻo mākou i ko mākou ola a pau. Me he mea lā iaʻu i kēia manawa ua ʻike a manaʻo nā mea āpau i kēia, akā ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻike - pono ʻoe e hana. Pono mākou e hoʻololi i kēlā me kēia lā. Inā ʻaʻole mākou e hana i kēia, a laila e hoʻokuʻu ʻia mākou ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻoihana.
E hoʻomākaukau no nā huli ʻoi 180-degere. ʻAʻole wau e hoʻokuʻu i kahi kūlana kahi e loli nui ai kekahi mea, ua hana ʻia kahi mea hou - hiki mai. Hop! - a ke hana ʻokoʻa nei mākou. He mea nui e hoʻomākaukau no kēia a mai hopohopo. Hiki paha i ka lā ʻapōpō e lilo nā mea a pau aʻu e hana ai i mea pono ʻole - ʻaʻohe mea, ua aʻo wau i koʻu ola a pau a mākaukau wau e aʻo i kahi mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ia he pilikia. ʻAʻohe pono e makaʻu i ka palekana hana, akā pono ʻoe e mākaukau e aʻo mau i kahi mea hou.
Nā makemake a me ka minuke o ka hoʻolaha
- He makemake kou?
ʻO Dmitry: ʻAe, he nui koʻu makemake.
ʻO ka mua a me ka mea kūʻai aku - kau inoa i . E nā mea heluhelu, e hele i YouTube a kau inoa i kā mākou kahawai. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina e hoʻomaka mākou i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka lawelawe wikiō. E loaʻa iā mākou ka nui o nā mea hoʻonaʻauao e pili ana i nā Kubernetes, wehe a ʻano like ʻole: mai nā mea hana, a hiki i nā hale hana, i nā mea hohonu hohonu a pehea e hoʻohana ai i nā Kubernetes ma ka pae o nā loina a me nā mamana.
ʻO ka lua o ka makemake kālepa - hele i a kau i nā hōkū no ka mea ʻai mākou iā lākou. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hāʻawi mai iā mākou i nā hōkū, ʻaʻohe mea a mākou e ʻai ai. Ua like ia me ka mana ma ka pāʻani kamepiula. Hana mākou i kekahi mea, hana mākou, ho'āʻo mākou, ʻōlelo kekahi he mau kaʻa kaʻa weliweli kēia, ʻo kekahi ua hewa loa nā mea āpau, akā hoʻomau mākou a hana pololei loa. ʻIke mākou i kahi pilikia, hoʻoponopono a kaʻana like i kā mākou ʻike. No laila, e hāʻawi mai iā mākou i hōkū, ʻaʻole ia e haʻalele iā ʻoe, akā hiki mai ia iā mākou, no ka mea, ʻai mākou iā lākou.
ʻO ke kolu, koʻikoʻi, a ʻaʻole makemake hou i ke kālepa - oki i ka manaoio i ka moolelo. He poʻe loea ʻoukou. He ʻoihana koʻikoʻi a kuleana ʻo DevOps. E ho'ōki i ka pāʻani ma kahi hana. E kaomi iā ʻoe a maopopo iā ʻoe. E noʻonoʻo e hele mai ʻoe i ka haukapila, a ma laila ke kauka e hoʻokolohua nei iā ʻoe. Hoʻomaopopo wau he mea hōʻeha paha kēia i kekahi, akā, ʻoi loa, ʻaʻole pili kēia iā ʻoe, akā no kekahi mea ʻē aʻe. E haʻi aku i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e hoʻōki. Hoʻopau maoli kēia i ke ola no mākou āpau - nui ka poʻe e hoʻomaka e mālama i nā hana, nā admins a me nā DevOps e like me nā dudes i haki hou i kekahi mea. ʻO kēia ka "haʻihaʻi" pinepine ma muli o ko mākou hele ʻana e pāʻani, a ʻaʻole i nānā me ka ʻike anu ʻo ia ke ʻano, a ʻo ia ke ʻano.
ʻAʻole kēia manaʻo ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻokolohua. Pono mākou e hoʻokolohua, hana mākou iā mākou iho. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo mākou iho i kekahi manawa e pāʻani i nā pāʻani - ʻoiaʻiʻo, he mea ʻino loa kēia, akā ʻaʻohe kanaka i malihini iā mākou. E haʻi aku ʻo 2019 he makahiki o nā hoʻokolohua koʻikoʻi, noʻonoʻo maikaʻi, ʻaʻole nā pāʻani ma ka hana. Pela paha.
- Mahalo nui loa iā ʻoe!
ʻO Dmitry: Mahalo iā ʻoe, e Vitaly, no ka manawa a no ka nīnauele. E nā makamaka heluhelu, mahalo nui inā ua hiki koke mai ʻoukou i kēia wahi. Manaʻo wau ua lawe mākou iā ʻoe i ʻelua mau manaʻo.
Ma ka ninaninau, ua hoʻopā ʻo Dmitry i ka pilikia o werf. I kēia manawa he pahi Swiss kēia e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia āpau. Aole nae pela mau. Ma ka ma ka ahaaina E haʻi aku ʻo Dmitry Stolyarov iā ʻoe e pili ana i kēia mea hana i nā kikoʻī. ma ka hoike e loaʻa nā mea āpau: nā pilikia a me nā nuances huna o Kubernetes, nā koho no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia mau pilikia a me ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka werf i nā kikoʻī. E hui pū me mākou ma Mei 27 a me 28, e hana mākou i nā mea hana kūpono.
Source: www.habr.com