I kēia lā, aneane loaʻa i nā mea a pau he kelepona i loko o kā lākou ʻeke (smartphone, camera phone, tablet) hiki ke hoʻokō i kāu pākaukau home, ʻaʻole ʻoe i hōʻano hou no kekahi mau makahiki, e pili ana i ka hana. ʻO kēlā me kēia hāmeʻa i loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi pākahi lithium polymer. ʻO kēia ka nīnau: ʻo wai ka mea heluhelu e hoʻomanaʻo pono i ka wā i hoʻololi ʻia ai ka hoʻololi ʻole ʻana mai nā "dialers" i nā mea multifunctional?
He mea paʻakikī ... Ponoʻoe e hoʻoikaika i kou hoʻomanaʻo, e hoʻomanaʻo i ka makahiki āu i kūʻai ai i kāu kelepona "akamai". Noʻu ma kahi o 2008-2010. I kēlā manawa, ʻo ka mana o ka pākaukau lithium no ke kelepona maʻamau e pili ana i 700 mAh; i kēia manawa hiki i ka nui o nā pihi kelepona i 4 tausani mAh.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mana e 6 mau manawa, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻōlelo ʻana, ua hoʻonui wale ʻia ka nui o ka pākaukau e 2 mau manawa.
E like me mākou , ʻO nā haʻina lithium-ion no UPS ke lanakila wikiwiki nei i ka mākeke, loaʻa i nā pono kūpono ʻole a (ʻoi loa ma kahi lumi kikowaena).
E nā hoaaloha, i kēia lā e ho'āʻo mākou e hoʻomaopopo a hoʻohālikelike i nā hopena e pili ana i ka hao-lithium phosphate (LFP) a me ka lithium-manganese (LMO), e aʻo i kā lākou mau pono a me nā hemahema, a hoʻohālikelike i kekahi i kekahi e like me nā helu kikoʻī. E hoʻomanaʻo wau iā ʻoe aia nā ʻano pākahi ʻelua i ka lithium-ion, lithium-polymer batteries, akā ʻokoʻa i ka haku mele. Inā makemake ʻoe i kahi hoʻomau, e ʻoluʻolu, ma lalo o ka pōpoki.
Nā manaʻo no nā ʻenehana lithium i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu
ʻO ke kūlana o kēia manawa i ka Russian Federation ma 2017 penei.
Ke hoʻohana nei i ke kumu: "Manaʻo no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana mālama uila i ka Russian Federation," Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, ʻAukake 21, 2017.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻo ka ʻenehana lithium-ion i kēlā manawa ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i ka ʻenehana hana ʻenehana (ma mua o ka ʻenehana LFP).
A laila, e nānā kākou i nā ʻano o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a i ʻole, e noʻonoʻo i ka mana hou loa o ka palapala:
Nānā: ʻO ABBM nā pūʻulu ikehu no nā lako mana hiki ʻole ke hoʻopau ʻia, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana uila no:
- Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka uila no nā mea kūʻai aku koʻikoʻi i ka wā o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka lako mana no nā pono ponoʻī (SN) 0,4 kV ma kahi substation (PS).
- Ma ke ʻano he "buffer" no nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe.
- ʻO ka uku no ka nele o ka mana i ka wā e hoʻohana nui ai e hoʻomaha i ka hana uila a me nā keʻena hoʻouna.
- ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka ikehu i ka lā ke haʻahaʻa kona kumukūʻai (ka pō).
E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ʻo nā ʻenehana Li-Ion, e like me 2016, paʻa paʻa i ke kūlana alakaʻi a hōʻike i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka mana (MW) a me ka ikehu (MWh).
Ma ka palapala like, hiki iā mākou ke heluhelu i kēia:
"Ke hōʻike nei nā ʻenehana lithium-ion ma mua o 80% o ka mana hoʻohui a me ka ikehu i hana ʻia e nā ʻōnaehana ABBM ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka hopena o 2016. Loaʻa i nā pākahi Lithium-ion kahi pōʻai hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi loa a hoʻokuʻu wikiwiki i ka mana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia. Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā lākou ka nui o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe (ka mana mana, ka moʻolelo a ka mea kākau) a me nā kahawai kiʻekiʻe, kahi i alakaʻi ai i kā lākou koho ʻana i mau pihi no nā uila uila a me nā kaʻa uila.
E hoʻāʻo kākou e hoʻohālikelike i ʻelua ʻenehana pākahi lithium-ion no UPS
E hoʻohālikelike mākou i nā cell prismatic i kūkulu ʻia ma ke kemika LMO a me LFP. ʻO kēia mau ʻenehana ʻelua (me nā ʻano like ʻole e like me LMO-NMC) i kēia manawa nā hoʻolālā ʻoihana nui no nā kaʻa uila a me nā kaʻa uila.
Hiki ke heluhelu ʻia ma ʻaneʻi kahi digression lyrical ma luna o nā pila ma nā kaʻa uilaNīnau ʻoe, he aha ka pili o ka halihali uila me ia? E wehewehe au: ʻo ka hoʻolaha ikaika ʻana o nā kaʻa uila e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻenehana Li-Ion ua lōʻihi loa ma mua o ke kahua o nā prototypes. A e like me kā mākou ʻike, hele mai nā ʻenehana hou loa iā mākou mai nā wahi pipiʻi a me nā wahi hou o ke ola. No ka laʻana, ua hele mai ka nui o nā ʻenehana automotive iā mākou mai Formula 1, nui nā ʻenehana hou i hele mai i loko o ko mākou ola mai ka māhele ākea, a pēlā aku ... No laila, i ko mākou manaʻo, ke komo nei nā ʻenehana lithium-ion i nā ʻenehana ʻoihana.
E nānā kākou i kahi papa hoʻohālikelike ma waena o nā mea hana nui, kemika pākaukau a me nā ʻoihana kaʻa ponoʻī e hana ikaika nei i nā kaʻa uila (hybrids).
E koho mākou i nā cell prismatic wale nō i kūpono i ke kumu kumu no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi UPS. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻo ka lithium titanate (LTO-NMC) kahi mea i waho e pili ana i ka ikehu i mālama ʻia. Ke koe nei ʻekolu mau mea hana o nā cell prismatic i kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana ʻenehana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pihi UPS.
E haʻi a unuhi au mai ka palapala "Life cycle assessment of long life lithium electrode for electric vehicle batteries- cell for LEAF, Tesla and VOLVO buses" (Original "Life cycle assessment of long life lithium electrode for electric vehicle batteries- cell for LEAF , Tesla a me Volvo bus" i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma Dekemaba 11, 2017 mai Mats Zackrisson. Ke nānā nui nei ʻo ia i nā kaʻina hana kemika i loko o nā pihi kaʻa, ka hopena o nā haʻalulu a me nā kūlana hana climatic, a me ka pōʻino i ke kaiapuni. Eia naʻe, aia kekahi ʻōlelo hoihoi e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike. o ʻelua mau ʻenehana pākahi lithium-ion.
Ma ka'u unuhi manuahi, ua like ia me keia:
Hōʻike ka ʻenehana NMC i ka hopena kaiapuni haʻahaʻa i kēlā me kēia kilomika kaʻa ma mua o ka ʻenehana LFP me kahi kelepona ʻanode metala, akā paʻakikī ke hōʻemi a hoʻopau paha i nā hewa. ʻO ka manaʻo nui kēia: ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe o ka NMC ka hopena i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a no laila e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana.
1) Prismatic cell LMO ʻenehana, mea hana , lilo $400.
ʻO ke ʻano o ke kelepona LMO
2) Prismatic cell LFP ʻenehana, mea hana , lilo $160.
ʻO ke ʻano o kahi kelepona LFP
3) No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, e hoʻohui i kahi pākaukau hoʻihoʻi mokulele i kūkulu ʻia ma ka ʻenehana LFP a me ka mea like i komo i ka hōʻino weliweli. , mea hana ʻo True Blue Power.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka pākaukau TB44
4) No ka mea pono, e hoʻohui i kahi pākahiko UPS maʻamau
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o kahi pākaukau UPS maʻamau
E hoʻokomo i ka ʻikepili kumu i loko o ka pākaukau.
E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe o nā cell LMO; ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke alakaʻi maʻamau i ʻelua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikehu.
Ua maopopo i nā mea a pau e hoʻonui ka BMS pūnaewele no kahi pākaukau Li-Ion i ke kaumaha i kēia hoʻonā, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻemi i ka ikehu kikoʻī ma kahi o 20 pakeneka (ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kaumaha o nā ʻupena a me ka hopena piha. me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana BMS, ka shell module, ka mea hoʻomalu o ka pākaukau). ʻO ka nui o nā mea lele, ka hoʻololi pākaukau a me ke keʻena pākaukau i manaʻo ʻia e like me ke kūlana no nā pā lithium-ion a me ke ʻano pākaukau o nā ʻakika lead-acid.
I kēia manawa e hoʻāʻo kākou e hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻāpana i helu ʻia. I kēia hihia, e ʻae mākou i ka hohonu o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana no ke alakaʻi e like me 70%, a no Li-Ion he 90%.
E hoʻomaopopo i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka ikehu no ka mokulele mokulele ma muli o ka paʻa ʻana o ka pā ponoʻī (hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he module) i loko o kahi pahu pale ahi metala, loaʻa nā mea hoʻohui a me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomehana no ka hana ʻana i nā kūlana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, hāʻawi ʻia kahi helu no hoʻokahi cell i loko o ka pākaukau TB44, kahi e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻoholo e like nā ʻano me kahi cell LFP maʻamau. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka pahu mokulele no nā kahe kiʻekiʻe / hoʻokuʻu ʻia, e pili ana i ka pono e hoʻomākaukau koke i ka mokulele no kahi lele hou ma ka ʻāina a me kahi manawa hoʻokuʻu nui i ka wā o kahi pilikia ma luna o ka moku, no ka laʻana, ka nalowale o ka mana ma luna o ka moku
Ma ke ala, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka mea hana iā ia iho e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā pahu mokulele
E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai mai nā papa:
1) ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mana o ke keʻena pākaukau ma ke ʻano o ka ʻenehana LMO.
2) ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pōʻai pākahi no LFP.
3) ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka gravity kikoʻī no LFP; no laila, me ka mana like, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke keʻena pākaukau e pili ana i ka ʻenehana hao-lithium phosphate.
4) ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka ʻenehana LFP i ka holo ʻana i ka wela, ma muli o kona ʻano kemika. ʻO ka hopena, ua manaʻo ʻia he palekana.
No ka poʻe makemake e hoʻomaopopo pono i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o nā pākahi lithium-ion i loko o kahi pākaukau e hana me kahi UPS, paipai wau e nānā maanei.Eia kekahi laʻana, kēia kiʻi. I kēia hihia, he 340 kg ke kaumaha o nā ʻupena, ʻo ka hiki ke 100 ampere-hola.
A i ʻole he kaapuni no LFP 160S2P, kahi o 512 kg ka nui o nā ʻupena a ʻo ka hiki ke 200 ampere-hola.
KA MANAʻO: ʻOiai ke hoʻohana nui ʻia nei nā pākahi me ka kemika o ka hao-lithium phosphate (LiFeO4, LFP) i nā kaʻa uila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona ma mua o ka LMO chemical formula, ʻae lākou i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o kēia manawa, a ʻaʻole hiki ke maʻalahi. i ka pilikia o ka mahuka wela. ʻO ke ʻano o nā pākaukau e koho ai e waiho ʻia ma ka manaʻo o ka mea nāna e hoʻolako i kahi hopena i hoʻohui ʻia i mākaukau, nāna e hoʻoholo i kēia e like me ka nui o nā pae hoʻohālikelike, a ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi loa ke kumukūʻai o ka pākaukau ma ke ʻano o ka UPS. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano pākahi lithium-ion i ke kumu kūʻai ma mua o nā hoʻonā maʻamau, akā ʻo ka mana kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe o nā pā lithium i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana a me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hoʻoholo i ke koho i nā mea mālama ikehu hou. I kekahi mau hihia, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka UPS e hoʻoholo ai i ke koho ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou. E hanaʻia kēia kaʻina hana me kaʻikeʻoleʻia, a ke hoʻopilikiaʻia nei e ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe ma ka māhele kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa (nā hoʻoponopono hale) a me ka inertia o ka noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka palekana ahi o ka lithium i waena o nā mea kūʻai eʻimi ana i nā koho UPS maikaʻi loa i ka UPS hana. ʻāpana me ka mana o ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 kVA. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka pae waena waena o ka mana UPS mai 3 kVA a 100 kVA me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana lithium-ion, akā ma muli o ka hana liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai a haʻahaʻa loa i nā hiʻohiʻona UPS serial i mākaukau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pihi VRLA.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kikoʻī hou aʻe a kūkākūkā i kahi hopena kikoʻī me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pā lithium-ion no kāu lumi kikowaena a i ʻole kikowaena data ma ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi noi ma ka leka uila. , a i ʻole ma ke noi ʻana ma ka pūnaewele o ka hui .
OPEN TECHNOLOGIES - nā ʻōlelo hoʻonā piha hilinaʻi mai nā alakaʻi o ka honua, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kāu mau pahuhopu a me kāu mau pahuhopu.
Author: Kulikov Oleg
Luna Hoʻolālā alakaʻi
ʻOihana Hoʻohui Hoʻohui
Hui ʻenehana Open
Source: www.habr.com