- E ke aloha, ua loaʻa iaʻu kahi leka mai Google Cupid i nehinei. Manaʻo ʻo ia e haʻalele wau iā ʻoe a mare i kekahi kāne ʻē aʻe. Wahi a ka nānā ʻana mai kaʻu a me kāu kupee "Amorous", ka mōʻaukala o nā kipa pūnaewele, nā leka i nā ʻelele koke, ua hāʻule kā mākou kūlike ma lalo o kanakolukumamākahi pakeneka. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēlā me kēia o mākou ma mua o ka palena liʻiliʻi o nā manaʻo maikaʻi mai kā mākou male ʻana.
- A ʻo wai kāu kāne hou? - ma ka leo o ke kanaka, me ka manaʻo ʻole iā ia, hiki i kekahi ke ʻike i nā memo o ka lili.
Hāʻawi mālie ka wahine iā ia i kāna kelepona.
- No laila…. Loaʻa makahiki: $230, noho i Oklahoma. Ua hui anei oe me ia?
- ʻAʻole, aloha. Ua hoʻoholo wau e kelepona iā ia ma hope o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ʻoe. He aha kāu e ʻōlelo ai?
- Aia iā ʻoe.
- ʻAe, ʻike ʻoe. ʻAʻole hewa ʻo Google. He 15% ho'ēmi 'auhau makahiki no 'oe a me a'u. He ʻumi mau wahi maikaʻi no ko mākou kūlana pilikanaka. He koho maikaʻi kēia, maikaʻi maikaʻi. He 12 mau makahiki o ko maua male ana a aohe mea e ae e haawi mai ia maua i ke kumukuai oi aku.
- ʻOiaʻiʻo, aloha. He koho maikaʻi kēia...
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia he ʻoiaʻiʻo. He mea kupanaha. Akā, he manaʻo noʻonoʻo paha. Ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka hoʻonui mau ʻana o ka Internet ma luna o nā kānaka a hiki i ka poʻe makapō a me ke kuli.
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻike lehulehu i mea e hoʻonui ai i ke kūʻai ʻana i kekahi mau waiwai a koho i ka pelekikena makemake o ka ʻāina (!) Ua lilo i REALITY! ʻO ka hoʻokele palapala uila, ke kūʻai ʻana ma ka pūnaewele, ka launa pū ʻana ma o ka honua virtual - ʻaʻole kēia he mea maoli, akā he hanana i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma mua o ka pule Pōʻalima no nā Mahometa a me ka Lāpule e hele ana i ka hale pule no nā Karistiano. ʻO kahi ʻanuʻu ʻē aʻe a ʻelua paha, ʻelima a ʻumi makahiki, a me ka ʻike ʻole ʻana iā mākou iho e hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa ʻia i lalo o ka Pūnaewele, i uhi ʻia i loko a hiki i luna.
ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka wā e hiki mai ana āu e makemake ai? ʻAe wau, e ʻoluʻolu loa ia i ka wā mua. Akā, ʻo kēia ka ʻoluʻolu o kahi rana i loko o kahi pahu wai, e kū ana i ke ahi. I ka mua he mea maikaʻi ia, akā ʻaʻole ʻoe i ka ikaika e lele i waho me ka ʻole o ka kuke ʻana.
Inā hoʻomau ke ʻano o ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana i ko mākou ola me ka Pūnaewele, a laila hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo pololei: "ʻO ka mea nona ka Pūnaewele nona ka honua." Akā ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo wai ka mea nona ka Pūnaewele? A i ʻole, manaʻo paha ʻoe he mea ʻole ka honua virtual, ʻo ia hoʻi, no nā mea a pau? ʻIke wau ʻaʻole ʻoe he naʻaupō.
No kēlā me kēia kanaka ka Internet, e like me ka Antarctica no kēlā me kēia kanaka. Hiki i kahi Papua mai Guinea Bissau ke hele kūʻokoʻa i laila. Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia ka ʻāina ʻeono i kekahi mau ʻāina i hiki ke hoʻolilo i nā kālā nui no ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou mau kikowaena ma laila.
No laila, ʻo wai ka mea nona ka Pūnaewele, ʻehia ka nui o ke kumukūʻai no ka loaʻa ʻana iā ia, a hiki anei ke uhai i ke ʻano o ka poʻe i hoʻokau ʻia e ka Pūnaewele? No ka pane ʻana i kēia nīnau, e hoʻomaopopo mua kākou i ke ʻano o ka Pūnaewele.
"ʻO kēia nā piliona o nā kamepiula i hoʻopili ʻia kekahi i kekahi ma o ke kelepona a i ʻole ke kelepona ʻole me nā mea hoʻokele, modem a me nā polokalamu kūikawā," ʻōlelo ʻoe. Hoʻomanaʻo paha ka poʻe ʻoi loa i ka HTTP, IPv4 a me IP address. He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia, akā ʻaʻole loa. ʻO ka diabolo, e like me kā mākou ʻike, aia i nā kikoʻī.
ʻAʻole ka pūnaewele pūnaewele, akā he pūnaewele o nā pūnaewele. ʻO ia hoʻi, aia he mau kaukani, haneli haneli o nā pūnaewele kūloko, kēlā me kēia mea e hoʻohui i kahi pūʻulu kikoʻī o nā kamepiula e hoʻololi i ka ʻike me ka hoʻohana ʻana i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pūnaewele kūloko ka mea nona - kahi mea hoʻolako - Internet Service Provider (ISP). Ma hope aʻe, hoʻopili ʻia nā mea hoʻokele i kekahi i kekahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kelepona kelepona, nā kelepona pūnaewele kūikawā, a i ʻole nā leka uila. ʻO ka hopena ka pūnaewele.
ʻO ka mea hoʻolako he hui kū kānāwai kūhelu, he hui, ʻo ia hoʻi, aia ia ma lalo o nā mana o ka ʻāina kahi e hana ai. No laila, ma ka hoʻoholo a nā luna, hiki iā ʻoe ke wehe maʻalahi mai ka Pūnaewele a hōʻole ʻia ke komo ʻana i kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻike ma ka Pūnaewele. Hiki paha kēia i nā pūnaewele kikoʻī a i ʻole kahi pani honua. No ka laʻana, i ka wā o nā haunaele lehulehu ma Iraq, Iran, Libya, etc. Ua kauoha nā luna i ka pani piha ʻana i ka Pūnaewele a i ʻole ke kāpae ʻana i ke komo ʻana i nā ʻoihana pūnaewele.
ʻO ke kikowaena o ka Pūnaewele hou e maʻalahi ke kāohi i ke kahawai no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike ʻaʻole wale ma ka hoʻoholo a nā luna. Aia kekahi hoʻomaha kelepona kino, hoʻouka DDoS a i ʻole kekahi ʻano hemahema. Hoʻomanaʻo mākou a pau i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o Facebook, nā ʻoihana pūnaewele ʻē aʻe, a me nā kumuwaiwai pūnaewele ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka lua o ka hemahema, hiki i ka mea hāʻawi ke hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻike e pili ana i kāu mau hana ma ka Pūnaewele. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hoʻomalu ia i ka mea alalai, ka mea i ʻike pono i ka IP āu i hoʻohana ai a mai kahi IP i hele mai ai ka ʻikepili ʻikepili iā ʻoe. A ʻaʻohe VPN a i ʻole Tor e kōkua. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ʻoe mai kahi mea nānā i waho, akā ʻaʻole mai ka mea hoʻolako. E ʻike pono ʻo ia i kahi i loaʻa mai ai ka ʻike a me ka mea i hiki mai.
Aia kekahi mau hemahema ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka Internet hou he hōʻailona ia o ka nohona hou, me kona mau kikowaena o ka mana, nā monopolies ikaika a, ma ke ʻano nui, he poʻe mana ʻole kahi e mālama ʻia ai ka illusion o kona ʻano nui me ke kōkua o ka media. No laila ma ka Pūnaewele. Aia nā mea hoʻolako e hoʻolohe i nā mana. Aia nā hui pūnaewele nui i loaʻa nā kumu waiwai naʻauao a me nā waiwai kālā, mahalo iā lākou i hoʻopaʻa pono i nā ʻike āpau a hoʻopunipuni maikaʻi i ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu, e hoʻokau i kā lākou makemake iā mākou. A aia nā mea hoʻohana maʻamau, ma ke ʻano, ʻaʻohe kuleana.
No laila, i kēia manawa ke hoʻololi nui nei ka Pūnaewele mai kahi mea kamaʻilio a me kahi mālama kūpono o ka ʻike i mea hana pāʻoihana no ka loaʻa kālā a lilo i mea hana no ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiāulu.
Evolution a kipi paha?
ʻIke ʻia nā hemahema o ka Pūnaewele hou, ʻoiaʻiʻo, makemake nui ka poʻe e hoʻololi i kēia kūlana. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka makua kāne o ka Pūnaewele, ʻo Tim Berners-Lee, ka mea i hoʻomaopopo pono i nā hemahema o kāna brainchild, a me kahi hui o nā poʻe like-minded e hoʻomohala nei i ka papahana Solid - ka hana ʻana o kahi pūnaewele decentralized me ka pahuhopu o ka luku ʻana i ka monopoli o nā hui pūnaewele nui e like me Google a i ʻole Facebook. Ma ka decentralization, hoʻomaopopo ka ʻepekema i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mea hoʻohana i ka mana piha ma luna o kāna ʻikepili āpau i nā lawelawe. Inā hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻia ka papahana, ʻaʻole hiki i nā pilikua pūnaewele ke hōʻiliʻili i ka nui o ka ʻike, hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā algorithms kūikawā, a laila e hoʻoikaika i ka hui holoʻokoʻa a me kēlā me kēia o mākou.
He ala evolutionary kēia. A, i ko mākou manaʻo, he hemahema koʻikoʻi. No ka ʻike, pono mākou e huli i nā pilikua pūnaewele like. A inā pēlā, paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo pehea ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻi iā lākou i kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻike e pili ana iā ʻoe iho.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hoʻopau piha ʻo Solid i ka pilikia o ka pale ʻana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike ma o ka hoʻoholo ʻana o nā mana, DDoS hoʻouka, etc.
No laila, ʻaʻole paha ia he evolutionary, akā he ala kipi? ʻo ka mea hea?
E hana i kahi ʻōnaehana hana kūikawā (OS) i loaʻa i nā mea hoʻohana a pau nā kuleana like. ʻO ia hoʻi, e hoʻoholo kēlā me kēia o mākou i ka ʻike e pili ana iā ia iho e hoʻouna ai i ka Pūnaewele a iā wai, a hiki i kēlā me kēia o mākou ke ʻae a hāʻawi i kēia a i kēlā ʻike. ʻO ia hoʻi, e lilo i mea kūʻai a mea hoʻolako. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole mālama ʻia ka ʻike ma ke kikowaena, akā hoʻopuehu ʻia i waena o nā mea hoʻohana. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻimi no ka ʻike e pono ai me ka papa hash, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi papa kuhikuhi e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka ʻike i mālama ʻia ma kahi kamepiula. No ka mālama a hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi nui, e hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana blockchain.
No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēlā me kēia mea hoʻohana i mea e haʻalele ai i ka hoʻopunipuni, ua manaʻo ʻia e hana i kahi ʻaoʻao kikohoʻe o ke kanaka. Akā ʻaʻole kēia he analogue wale nō o kahi pūlima kikohoʻe. ʻO kēia ke kumu e kūkulu ai ka mea hoʻohana i kāna hoʻolālā no ka launa pū ʻana me ka Pūnaewele. Ma muli o kēia ʻikepili kikohoʻe, e koho ka OS i ka ʻike kūpono iā ʻoe - ʻoliʻoli, ʻike, ʻoihana. ʻO ia, ʻaʻole ʻo Google, e kiu iā ʻoe a me ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻike e pili ana iā ʻoe, e hoʻokau i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nūhou, nā huahana iā ʻoe, akā ʻo ʻoe iho e hōʻike i kāu makemake e ʻike ma kāu kamepiula. E hoʻokaʻawale kēia i nā mea maoli o kēia wā, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia e ka huaʻōlelo "ua mare lākou iaʻu me aʻu ʻole."
ʻO ka prototype o ka pūnaewele e hiki mai ana he mau peer-to-peer networks a i ʻole P2P networks. ʻO ka mea kūikawā, ka BitTorrent kaulana. I kēia hihia, hoʻololi maoli ke kumu o ka ʻimi ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike pono. I kēia manawa ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā mea āpau ma ka manaʻo e loaʻa kahi faila (maʻiʻo) ma kahi kikowaena. Ma ka pūnaewele e hiki mai ana i manaʻo ʻia, ka huina hash o ia mea a me ia faila e noho nei ma kahi o ka pūnaewele. ʻO ka huina hash he mea ʻike waihona kū hoʻokahi i helu ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi algorithm kikoʻī.
I kēia hihia, inā mālama ʻia ka faila ma nā kamepiula he nui, ʻaʻole e pale ʻia ka nele o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kekahi o lākou mai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike. I ka manawa like, no ka ʻimi ʻana iā ia, ʻaʻole ʻoe e huli iā Google a i ʻole kekahi ʻenekini huli. ʻO ke ʻano kēia ʻaʻole ʻoe e hāʻawi iā ia i ka ʻike e pili ana iā ʻoe iho.
Hoʻonui pinepine ka palekana o ka ʻike i hoʻouna ʻia. I loko o ka OS hou, hiki ke hoʻouna pololei ʻia ka leka uila like i ka kamepiula o ka mea loaʻa, e kāpae ana i nā kikowaena o nā lawelawe leka uila e makemake e ʻimi i nā mea. Ke hana nei nā ʻelele wikiwiki kaulana ʻo Viber a me Telegram e like me kēia hoʻolālā.
ʻO ke kumu i manaʻo ʻia no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka Pūnaewele hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o kāna scaling. I kēia manawa ke alakaʻi nei nā mea hoʻohana pālua i ka hoʻonui like o ka ukana ma nā kikowaena like ʻole e mālama ana i nā ʻike. No laila ka hāʻule ʻole a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻikepili. Me ka ʻōnaehana hou no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka Pūnaewele, e piʻi iki ka ukana ma kahi kamepiula hoʻokahi, a hāʻule paha, no ka mea, he mau kikowaena pū kekahi.
Kumukānāwai hou o ka mālama ʻikepili
Ua kākau mākou ma luna e pili ana i ka hilinaʻi ʻole o ka Pūnaewele ma muli o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o nā ʻike ma kahi helu liʻiliʻi loa o nā kamepiula (i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kā lākou helu helu). Aia lākou ma lalo o ka hoʻouka kaua DDoS, lilo i mau pahuhopu o nā mea hackers, a hāʻule wale i ka Pūnaewele ma muli o nā pilikia ʻenehana.
ʻO ka OS hou, e hōʻike ana i kahi Internet decentralized, e hoʻonui nui i ka hilinaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻikepili. Manaʻo ʻia kēia manaʻo mālama ʻikepili:
- nā kamepiula hoʻohana;
- nā hale kūʻai ʻikepili kūʻokoʻa.
E lawe ʻia ka hoʻoili ʻikepili me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā protocol e pili ana i ka ʻenehana blockchain. ʻO kēia manaʻo:
- e ʻae iā ʻoe e pale pono a hoʻoili i ka ʻike;
- e hāʻawi i ka wikiwiki hoʻoili ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe;
- e hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaka koke i kekahi papahana e koi ana i ka nui o ka helu helu (distributed computing);
- e hoʻokumu i kahi hui maʻalahi o kāna waihona iho.
Pehea e lanakila ai?
He mea naʻaupō ke manaʻoʻiʻo e hāʻawi wale nā kānaka pilikua pūnaewele i kā lākou mau kālā kālā he nui. A laila he aha ka hana?
ʻO ka mea mua, pono ʻoe e hana i kahi OS. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hahai i ke ala o Tim Berners-Lee, nāna i hoʻokumu i kahi hoʻomaka no kāna papahana Solid, e hoʻohana ana i nā mea hoʻolālā manawaleʻa. I ko mākou manaʻo, ʻo ka mua o ka OS e hiki mai ana e kālele ʻia i nā polokalamu kelepona, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono e hana ʻia nā pilina pūnaewele me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana uila, e hōʻemi i ka helu o nā mea hoʻolako. A laila ʻo ka protocol nui o ka Pūnaewele ʻo BGP (border gateway protocol) - kahi protocol routing dynamic.
Pono e hoʻokomo ʻia ka OS hou ma luna o nā mea i loaʻa (Android a i ʻole iOS), ʻo ia hoʻi, e lilo ia i superstructure ma luna o ka Pūnaewele (overlay network).
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo kēia OS, a me nā ʻike e hoʻololi ʻia ma waena o nā mea komo pūnaewele, pono e manuahi.
ʻAe, ikaika nā monopolies pūnaewele, ma ke kālā a me ka naʻauao. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pale aku i nā hana hui a nā piliona kānaka. ʻAʻole hiki i nā hui ikaika ke hoʻopau i ka loiloi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kaiāulu kanaka, me ka Pūnaewele, ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ia mea, e kuhikuhi ana i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ke kūʻokoʻa o kēlā me kēia kanaka, hoʻonui i ka pilikino a me ka palekana. ʻO ka loina like ke kuhikuhi i ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana hana interstellar hou. He kūʻokoʻa nā hōkū ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻopuka lākou i ka māmā a hoʻopaʻa i ka mea. A, i ka manawa like, ua hoʻopili ʻia lākou e kahi māla hoʻokahi. Hāʻawi mai iaʻu i kahi OS interstellar!
- Honey, ua loaʻa iaʻu kekahi leka ʻakaʻaka mai Google. Manaʻo lākou e wehe mākou. E like me, ua hana lākou i ka makemakika a ua hoʻoholo mākou ʻaʻole kūpono kekahi i kekahi. Ua loaʻa iā lākou kekahi moho no kaʻu kāne hou.
"ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaha." E hoʻolei i kēia ʻāpana pepa i ka spam.
- Makemake au e pāpā iā Google. Luhi wau i kāna hoʻolaha a me nā ʻano hāʻawi hoʻopiʻi āpau.
- Pela paha. Ua poina iaʻu ka manawa hope aʻu i wehe ai.
Source: www.habr.com