Ua kūkākūkā ʻia ma nā ʻatikala i hala e pili ana , и , e hoʻomau mākou i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻōnaehana pono a me nā lawelawe i hiki ke kau ʻia ma kēia mau OS.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua lilo kēia ʻatikala i ka hapa nui o ka theoretical. ʻO ka pilikia, ʻaʻohe mea hou a kumu i loko o nā ʻōnaehana "domestic". A e kākau hou i ka mea like no ka haneli manawa, me ka hoʻohui ʻole i kekahi mea hou, ʻaʻole wau ʻike i ke kiko. No laila e hui ʻia ka ʻikepili e pili ana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokomo-substituting.
Hoʻohui, wale nō Viola, Astra и Rosa... Loaʻa OS ʻulaʻula ka mea (ʻano haʻahaʻa loa no koʻu ʻono). Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻatikala Rosa ma kēia Wiki he mea kahiko a kahiko ʻia, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 2013-2014 a pili i nā māhele kahiko ... Akā no nā ʻōnaehana Wiki ʻē aʻe, e noʻonoʻo ʻaʻole lākou i loaʻa. No laila, no nā māhele ʻaʻohe KB a i ʻole Wiki, manaʻo mākou he pono ʻoe e nānā i ka Wiki a i ʻole KB o kā lākou mahele makua. No ka mea ʻĀʻOLIE CentOS (Pāleʻa ʻulaʻula) ʻO'Astra — Debian E helu - Gentoo OS ʻulaʻula — Papale Ulaula, AlterOS - openSUSE, Axis CentOS (Pāleʻa ʻulaʻula) Ulyanovsk.BSD - FreeBSD QP OC - ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka home (e like me nā ʻōlelo a nā mea hana, ʻaʻole kēia ʻo Linux).
Eia kekahi, i kēia manawa, e hoʻokuʻu wau i ka helu e haʻalele wau i ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa e pili ana iā Microsoft, a hoʻomaka me nā kumu - DNS, ka lawelawe papa kuhikuhi, ka mea kikowaena proxy. A laila e loaʻa nā ʻōnaehana a me nā lawelawe e pili ana i ka mea hoʻohana, e like me ke kikowaena leka uila, ke keʻena, kamaʻilio, etc.
1. ʻOihana
1.1.DNS
pākuʻina kauHōʻike ʻia ka server ma nā ʻōnaehana hana "home" āpau ma ke ʻano BIND9. ʻAʻohe mea hou. A ʻaʻohe mea paʻakikī i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana. ʻAʻole loaʻa iā Calculate i loko o ka waihona BIND.
DDNS - ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, akā ʻaʻohe mea o ka maʻamau ma aneʻi.
Loaʻa iā ROSA's Wiki kēia , ʻaʻohe mea pili i ke kūlana maoli. No laila e manaʻo mākou e ʻimi ʻia nā ʻōkuhi no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i DDNS no ROSA e pili ana i CentOS.
1.2. DHCP
Eia hou, ʻaʻohe mea hou, ʻaʻohe mea paʻakikī.
1.3. Oihana Papa kuhikuhi
1.3.1. Papa kuhikuhi Astra Linux (ALD)
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokomo i kahi mīkini Microsft Windows OS i kahi kikowaena ALD me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana maʻamau o Microsft Windows OS.
I ka manawa like, ma ke ʻano he mea kūʻai aku AD, ua komo ʻo Astra i loko o ka waihona maoli .
Eia kekahi, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokele domain ma Astra Linux hiki ke hana SAMBA 4. ʻAʻole kēia he loiloi o Astra, ʻo SAMDA kēia ma kona ʻano kumu. .
1.3.2.ED OS hui o ka IPA, kahi i wehewehe pono ʻia ai nā mea a pau.
1.3.3. Papa kuhikuhi ROSAAia nā ʻōlelo ma ka Pūnaewele ua loaʻa iā ROSA kāna hoʻomohala ponoʻī o ROSA Directory Server. Loaʻa i kā lākou wiki ma keia mooolelo. Ka lā 28 Pepeluali 2013. Aia kekahi mau ʻōlelo no kahi mea hana hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho ʻo Rosa Server. A hoʻomaka wau e ʻeli, hoihoi ke hoʻopā.
Ma keʻano laulā, i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana o R7, uaʻokiʻia kēia mau mea a pau. E like me kaʻu i hoʻomaopopo ai, no ka mea ua kūkulu hou ʻia ʻo Rosa ma muli o CentOS ma mua o Mandriva, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia kā lākou Papa kuhikuhi. Kahua Papa kuhikuhi Mandriva, a ʻaʻole kūpono i CentOS.
No laila, e like me nā ʻōnaehana hana ʻē aʻe, ʻĀʻOLIE hiki ke hoʻouka SAMBA, a hoʻohana iā ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokele domain.
1.3.4. Alt FreeIPA
Aneane hiki i nā ʻōnaehana hana "domestic" ma ka mākeke ke hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokele domain e pili ana SAMBA. Akā, he palena koʻikoʻi ko SAMBA i ka hana ʻana me nā mea kūʻai mai Windows:
Hana ʻo Samba AD DC ma ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi mea hoʻokele domain Windows 2008 R2. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokomo iā ia i loko o kahi kikowaena Windows 2012 ma ke ʻano he mea kūʻai aku, akā ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokele domain.
No laila, no ka hana maʻamau o nā kikowaena Windows a me nā keʻena hana, inā pono mākou iā lākou, a pono mākou iā lākou, no ka mea aia nā lako polokalamu ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ma lalo o Linux (nā ʻāpana CAD like ʻole a i ʻole nā polokalamu polokalamu kahiko no nā mea hana ʻole, koe wale nō. Win XP, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokomo), pono mākou e kau i kahi kikowaena e pili ana Windows ai ole ia, FreeIPA. He hana koʻikoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana iā FreeIPA, ʻoiai ke kau ʻia nei kahi kikowaena Windows i loko o ʻelua mau hola. I koʻu hihia, ʻaʻohe kumu kūʻai manawa, no ka mea, loaʻa iaʻu kahi kikowaena Windows. Ma ka manawa like, hiki iā Linux ke hoʻopaʻa inoa me AD. Ma ka pololei, ʻike wau hiki iā Windows ke komo ma o FreeIPA.
ʻO kēia kaʻu e hoʻopuka ai i ke kumu no ke kumu ʻaʻole wau makemake e haʻalele i nā mea hoʻokele kikowaena Microsoft Windows. Ua loaʻa iaʻu. ʻAʻole au i ʻike i ke kumu e hoʻolilo ai i ka manawa a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻana i nā luna hoʻomalu i hoʻohana ʻia i ka maʻalahi o ka Windows graphical interface e hana me nā faila kikokikona ma nā ʻōnaehana Linux. ʻAe, loaʻa i ka IPA kahi kikowaena pūnaewele, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻololi maoli i nā mea. (Malia paha e hāʻawi mai ʻo Linux iaʻu i nā wahi no kēia mau ʻōlelo, akā ma ke ʻano he luna Windows i hana pū me Linux, ʻike wau i kaʻu e kamaʻilio nei. o nā laina o ke code , makaʻu i ka sila ʻana i ka wā e hoʻololi ai. ʻOiai ʻo ke kiʻi kiʻi ponoʻī e hōʻike iā ʻoe i nā mea āpau, wikiwiki, wehewehe, kaomi wale i ke pihi a hoʻokomo i nā ʻāpana kūpono. ʻO ia nō. Ua ʻōlelo wau. Pana!)
Pono ma ka hihia, e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i kahi kikowaena IPA. Hiki koke mai e lilo kekahi i mea pono.
1.4. Kahua hoʻolaha
Mākaʻi hiki ke loaʻa i loko o nā waihona o nā ʻōnaehana hana "domestic". ʻAʻole au i ʻike i kekahi, akā ua hoʻokau ʻia ka Squid no ka manawa lōʻihi. Makemake au.
ʻAʻohe ʻatikala like ʻo ROSA ma ka Wiki. Akā he nui nā palapala e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana iā Squiid ma ka Pūnaewele. A e ʻokoʻa ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ke kauoha hoʻonohonoho i ka luna pūʻulu a, aia paha, ma kahi o nā faila config.
1.5. Nānā
ʻO Zabbix aia i loko o nā waihona Astra, ROSA, Viola, Red OS. ʻAʻohe pilikia me kēia, pono wale ʻoe e hoʻokuʻu aku i nā ʻike pono āpau mai ka kikowaena huahana, a laila e hoʻokomo i loko o ka kikowaena hou. ʻAe, e nalowale mākou i ka mōʻaukala, akā ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi kēia i ka nui o nā hihia. I nā hihia koʻikoʻi kēia, hiki iā ʻoe ke waiho i nā kikowaena ʻelua e holo ana a hiki i ka wā e pau ai ka ʻike ma ka server kahiko a ʻaʻole pono hou. A hoʻokahi manawa. , e hoʻoholo ana, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo e hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ʻo Maria DB a e ʻoki ʻia i waho o nā waihona o nā ʻōnaehana hana "domestic".
2.User oriented system
2.1. E like me ka olelo ma , aia iā mākou Manu ahi 1.5 he ʻōnaehana i kapa ʻia ʻo TEKTON hana. No laila, i ka wā o ka hoʻokomo ʻana, pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia kēia ʻoihana i kahi ʻoihana hou. Loaʻa iā Firebird nā mana no Linux, akā ʻaʻole ka mana 1.5 i loko o nā waihona o "home" OSes. A ʻaʻohe ala e hoʻololi ai i kahi mana hope, ʻoiai ma ka hui ʻana o nā mana 1 a me 2 o Firebird, ua loli ke kumu o ka hana o nā kaʻina hana i mālama ʻia, ʻaʻohe mea e kākau hou iā lākou ... a ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou. i ... a ʻaʻohe kumu, no ka mea, pono e hoʻololi ʻia kēia ʻōnaehana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. No laila "no ka manawa mua" hiki ke hoʻoiho i ka pā a hoʻokomo ʻaʻole ia mai ka waihona.
2.2. Pūnaehana hōʻike uila OASIS ʻaʻole hana ma lalo o Linux. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole holo ʻo OASIS ma kahi mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o MSSQL Server. No laila, pono mākou i kahi mīkini virtual me Windows a me MSSQL Server. Ua lawa ka mana Express, no ka mea, liʻiliʻi ka waihona. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻalele i kēia, ʻoiai ʻo ka hōʻike ʻana i ka FIU a me ka ʻauhau e pili ana i kēia.
2.3. I a kikowaena pūnaewele ʻO MS IIS, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole e hana, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā mea i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā waihona Apache ai ole ia, Nginx (ʻo ka hope i loko o nā waihona o ROSA, Alt, Calculate).
ʻO wai ka maikaʻi? Hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻāina me hoa
loulou iā Wiki:
aia wale nō nā kauoha hoʻonohonoho, pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho e like me nā palapala ʻē aʻe. ʻo kahi laʻana, . A i ʻole paha .
2.4. Kūkākūkā hui me ka ʻae ʻia ma o AD. OpenFire a i ʻole ejabberd. Maʻalahi a manuahi.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kekahi mea ma ke ʻano he kamaʻilio kamaʻilio, mai Pidgin и Miranda, aia i loko o nā hui OS, a hoʻopau me kahi mea i kākau ponoʻī.
2.5. Mea lawelawe leka uila. E like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo pinepine ai, makemake wau iā Zimbra. Hiki ke kau ʻia ma ke kumu o RELS.
Aia kekahi pūʻolo i loko o nā waihona waihona OS postfix/exim/dovecot.
E pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho Rosa. Loaʻa i kā lākou wiki , i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma Pepeluali 28, 2013. ʻO ka pilikia wale nō ka wehewehe ʻana i kahi ala e hoʻohana ai i ka RSS (ROSA Server Setup), e like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai ma luna nei, ua wehe ʻia mai ka mana o kēia manawa o ka hoʻolaha. No laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ke kikowaena leka uila me ka ʻole o ka nakinaki ʻia i ka OS. ʻo kahi laʻana, .
Hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo i ke koho o ka polokalamu proprietary ma ke ʻano o "Kaʻu kikowaena kikowaena"a i ʻole"CommuniGate Pro". Akā ʻaʻole wau makemake i kēia koho. Ma ka liʻiliʻi no ka mea ua uku ʻia. Ma kekahiʻaoʻao, maikaʻi ke kākoʻo, he mea hōʻoia. Akā i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka aneane hiki i nā luna āpau ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ke olakino o ka leka uila, pono ke kākoʻo. A inā he polokalamu i hōʻoia ʻia ʻo CommuniGate, a laila ua hana ʻia ʻo MyOffice ma 2014, a loaʻa iaʻu nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka nui o nā pōpoki i hiki ke hopu ʻia i kēia ʻōnaehana. Me kēia mau mea a pau, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana ʻelua, i koʻu manaʻo, he kiʻekiʻe ʻole.
2.6. Pūnana ma na puunaue i hoikeia bakula. ʻO ka hoʻopilikino ʻana i kēia monster he epic holoʻokoʻa. Nui nā mea e pili ana i kēia pilikia, akā naʻe he hana holoʻokoʻa. Akā ʻo Bacula kahi mea ikaika a hoʻohana nui loa i nā mea hana multi-platform.
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Alt ka hoa pili o Bacula ma Rūsia, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻolana e ʻike ʻia nā mana hou o kēia māhele i kā lākou waihona.
2.7. maluna o mea kūʻai leka uila Kaukoki, i hōʻike ʻia mai nā ʻōnaehana hana "domestic", ʻaʻole wau e ʻōlelo i kekahi mea.
2.8. E pili ana i nā polokalamu kele pūnaewele Mozilla Firefox, i hōʻike ʻia ma nā ʻōnaehana hana "home" āpau a me Yandex.Browser, hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ma nā ʻōnaehana hana "home" āpau, e noho mālie hoʻi au.
2.9. keena keʻena. komo i loko o nā ʻōnaehana hana "domestic". Loaʻa iā ia he 2 mau koho uku - ʻo ia ka ""A"". Loaʻa iā P-7 kahi mana hoʻāʻo o ka pahu hāʻawi "e hoʻāʻo". Hiki . ʻO "MyOffice", e waiho wale wau ma ʻaneʻi и (Aʻo wau iā ʻoe e nānā kūikawā i nā manaʻo).
2.10. 1C: HUI. Eia kekahi laʻana
Ua loaʻa iā Wiki Astra e pili ana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana iā 1c i nā ʻāpana kūʻai a me nā kikowaena.
Aia ka ROSA Wiki . He mea kupanaha ʻaʻohe ʻatikala e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ke kikowaena, no ka mea, piʻi ka esque ma CentOS. Eia kekahi laʻana .
Aia ka Alt Wiki hoʻonohonoho a hoʻonohonoho, aia pū kekahi i nā loulou pono.
3. Panina
ʻAe, he aha kaʻu e ʻōlelo ai ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka hoʻololi? He olelo hoino keia a pau. ʻAʻole kēia e hoʻopau i ka lawe ʻana mai, ʻaʻole ia e kāpae i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā mea hoʻomohala haole. Hoʻololi wale ia i kekahi me kekahi, e ʻae iā ʻoe e hānai ʻaʻole i nā ʻanakala haole, akā i kā mākou ʻohana. E hele aku nā ʻauhau kūʻai i ka waihona kālā o ka mokuʻāina, he mea hoʻohui kēia. Akā ʻo ka hapa nui o ke kālā e pau i ka lima o nā "ʻanakala a me nā ʻanakē" waiwai nui, a ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i nā kālā hilinaʻi, he hapa kēia. ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻoihana e like me "New Cloud Technologies" e haʻi ana "ʻaʻole kā lākou pahuhopu e waiwai i ka papahana hoʻololi hoʻokomo ..." e ʻimi maoli i kēia pahuhopu, inā ʻaʻole ʻaʻohe ʻōlelo like, ʻaʻohe hihia i nā ʻaha. a me nā ʻōlelo i ka Federal Antimonopoly Service. ʻAʻole lākou e lawe i kahi ʻāpana o LibreOffice a pena hou ma lalo o "OwnOffice".
No ka lawe ʻana i kahi huahana manuahi, ua hana mua ʻia e kekahi, e hoʻopau liʻiliʻi a kūʻai aku ma lalo o ke ʻano o kāu iho, i koʻu manaʻo, ma ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nae ... swindle. ʻAʻole, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hana lākou i nā ʻōnaehana pale, aia ka encryption, ʻo ia wale nō, lawe lākou i nā mea āpau ma lalo o ka palapala hōʻoia FSTEC ... Akā ʻaʻole kēia mau huahana i hana ʻia e lākou. Me ka ʻokoʻa o QP OS, ua hana ʻo Cryptosoft i nā mea āpau iā ia iho. A ma muli o kēia, e loaʻa iā lākou nā pilikia pili, me ka nele o ka lako polokalamu no kā lākou OS, nā pōpoki ʻaʻole i hopu ʻia, etc. a laila. Akā, ua hana lākou. Ua hana mua ʻo Alt ma mua o ka hype me ka hoʻokomo ʻana mai, ua nui nō hoʻi lākou, ʻaʻole lākou i hana no ka loaʻa kālā o ka manawa, me ka manaʻo maikaʻi, no ka mea ua loaʻa iā lākou ke kālā ma ka mea ʻaʻole ke kahawai nui.
ʻAʻole wale wau i kākau i ka huaʻōlelo "domestic" ma nā kaha puanaʻi, ʻoiai aia hoʻokahi a ʻelua wale nō ʻōnaehana home. Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻōnaehana hana. ʻO ke ʻano o ka "hoʻokomo hoʻokomo" a mākou e kamaʻilio nei he mea pohihihi.
ʻAʻole, ma ka laulā, inā makemake ʻoe a hoʻolilo i ka manawa a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui i ka ʻōnaehana a me ka hapa nui o nā lawelawe ma Linux. Akā no kēia pono ʻoe e aʻo hou a hoʻololi paha i nā luna hoʻoponopono windows, a hoʻolilo iā lākou i ʻulaʻula i loko o nā faila hoʻonohonoho noi. Akā ʻo 90% o kēia mau ʻōnaehana ʻaʻole ia i loko o ka home, e manuahi lākou a, i nā hihia liʻiliʻi, paʻi hou ʻia. Me nā kiʻi kiʻi ʻoluʻolu. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻike ʻia kēia haunaele āpau me he mea lapuwale pipiʻi. Ina a laila he aha kā mākou e ʻōlelo ai? Ua pau ka hua leo i loko o kēia papahana holoʻokoʻa i ka pae manaʻo, i ka wā i ʻōlelo ʻia ai e hoʻoili ʻia ka mea huna i kā mākou mau ʻōnaehana palekana i "ʻike ʻole ka ʻenemi i kekahi mea." A i ka hopena, ua loaʻa i nā manaʻo maʻamau a pau i ninini ʻia i loko o mākou. ʻAe, kūkulu ʻia ka ʻoihana ma ko mākou ʻāina e like me kēia - ka loaʻa kālā ma ka uku liʻiliʻi.
4. He aha ka hana?
E uē a hoʻokomo ... Aia kahi kauoha - pono ʻoe e hana, i ʻole e hoʻopaʻi lākou iā ʻoe. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia pehea e hoʻopaʻi ʻia ai lākou. ʻO ka pilikia, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike pehea e nānā ʻia ai nā hopena o ka papahana hoʻokomo hoʻokomo, me ka poʻe e nānā. ʻAʻohe ʻikepili e pili ana i ka hiki ke hoʻohana i nā polokalamu mai nā waihona waihona OS. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia? Ua kapu? Hoʻohana nā kānaka a pau - no laila hiki iā ʻoe? Akā ʻaʻole ia ma ka papa inoa o ke Kuhina Telecom a me Mass Communications - no laila hiki ʻole? ʻAʻohe pane i kēia mau nīnau. Akā ua hōʻike kekahi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka LibreOffice like, ʻo ia kahi ʻāpana o ka OS. Holo. Pehea ʻo Zabbix? ʻO ka mea i komo i loko o ka waihona - hiki iā ʻoe, akā inā ʻoe e hoʻoiho i ka mana like mai nā luna - ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe? Etc. a laila. A ma hea ka manaʻo ma ʻaneʻi?
ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ia wale nō ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻāpana o ka polokalamu i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hōʻailona i hoʻokumu ʻia, e hoʻolilo i ka nui o ke kālā ma kāna kūʻai ʻana a me ke kākoʻo, a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā limahana e hana me nā polokalamu hou no lākou. Aia kekahi manaʻo "ua uku ʻia ke koʻikoʻi o nā kānāwai Lūkini e ke koho o kā lākou hoʻokō", akā ke manaʻolana nei he mea ia ...
5.PS:
I koʻu kākau ʻana i kēia mau ʻatikala, pono wau e ʻohi i nā ʻike he nui a noʻonoʻo wau pehea wau e mālama ai i nā mea āpau i koʻu poʻo. A hauʻoli wau i ka pau ʻana o nā ʻatikala. He ʻatikala wale nō e pili ana iā QP OC, aʻu i hoʻohiki ai e kākau i ko lākou ʻelele no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka manawa e hoʻopā ai i ka hāʻawi ʻana. Malia paha ma hope aku he mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hao ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi hoʻoili like ʻana, akā i kēia manawa he ʻuala kēia ma ka wai.
Manaʻo wau e kōkua ka ʻike i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e aʻu i ka hana paʻakikī o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka polokalamu "home". Mahalo iā ʻoukou a pau a hui hou.
Source: www.habr.com