ʻO ka hilinaʻi hoʻomanaʻo flash: i manaʻo ʻia a i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. Mahele 2. XIV ʻaha kūkā o ka hui USENIX. Nā ʻenehana mālama waihona

ʻO ka hilinaʻi hoʻomanaʻo flash: i manaʻo ʻia a i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. Mahele 1. XIV ʻaha kūkā o ka hui USENIX. Nā ʻenehana mālama waihona

4.2.2. ʻO RBER a me ka makahiki diski (koe nā pōʻai PE).

Hōʻike ka Figure 1 i kahi pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o RBER a me ka makahiki, ʻo ia ka helu o nā mahina i noho ai ka disk i ke kula. Eia nō naʻe, he hoʻoponopono hoʻopunipuni paha kēia no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o nā PE i nā drive kahiko a no laila ʻoi aku ka pili ʻana o RBER me nā pōʻai PE.

No ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hopena o ka makahiki ma ka ʻaʻahu i hana ʻia e nā pōʻai PE, ua hui mākou i nā mahina o ka lawelawe ʻana i loko o nā pahu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā decile o ka puʻupuʻu PE ma ke ʻano he ʻoki ma waena o nā ipu, no ka laʻana, aia ka pahu mua i nā mahina āpau o ke ola disk a hiki i ka decile mua o ka puunaue kaapuni PE, a pela aku. Ua hōʻoia mākou i loko o kēlā me kēia pahu he liʻiliʻi loa ka pilina ma waena o nā pōʻai PE a me RBER (no ka mea, uhi wale kēlā me kēia pahu i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā pōʻai PE), a laila helu ʻia ka coefficient correlation ma waena o RBER a me ka makahiki diski no kēlā me kēia pahu.

Ua hoʻokaʻawale mākou i kēia loiloi no kēlā me kēia kumu hoʻohālike no ka mea, ʻaʻole ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōpio a me nā mea kahiko, akā ma muli wale nō o ka makahiki o nā hoʻokele o ka hoʻohālike like. Ua ʻike mākou ʻoiai ma hope o ka kaupalena ʻana i ka hopena o nā pōʻai PE ma ke ʻano i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei, no nā ʻano hoʻohālike a pau, aia nō ka pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka helu o nā mahina o kahi kaʻa i loko o ke kahua a me kāna RBER (nā helu hoʻohālikelike mai 0,2 a 0,4. ).

ʻO ka hilinaʻi hoʻomanaʻo flash: i manaʻo ʻia a i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. Mahele 2. XIV ʻaha kūkā o ka hui USENIX. Nā ʻenehana mālama waihona
Laiki. 3. ʻO ka pilina ma waena o RBER a me ka helu o nā pōʻaiapili PE no nā diski hou a me nā diski kahiko e hōʻike ana i ka makahiki o ka diski e pili ana i ka waiwai RBER me ka nānā ʻole i nā pōʻai PE i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka lole.

Ua ʻike pū mākou i ka hopena o ka makahiki kaʻa ma ka puʻunaue ʻana i nā lā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻa i ka makahiki "'ōpiopio" a hiki i ka makahiki 1 a me nā lā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻa ma luna o nā makahiki 4, a laila hoʻolālā i ka RBER o kēlā me kēia. hui e kū'ē i ka helu o nā pōʻai PE. Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 3 i kēia mau hopena no ke kumu hoʻohālike kaʻa MLC-D. ʻIke mākou i kahi ʻokoʻa i ʻike ʻia i nā waiwai RBER ma waena o nā pūʻulu o nā disks kahiko a me nā disks hou i nā pōkā PE āpau.

Mai kēia mea mākou e hoʻoholo ai i ka makahiki, i ana ʻia e nā lā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka disk ma ke kahua, he hopena koʻikoʻi ma RBER, kūʻokoʻa i ka lole kelepona hoʻomanaʻo ma muli o ka ʻike ʻana i nā pōʻai PE. ʻO ia ke ʻano o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ka ʻelemakule silicon, e pāʻani nui i ka ʻaʻahu kino o ka disk.

4.2.3. RBER a me ka hana.

Manaʻo ʻia nā hewa bit e kekahi o nā hana ʻehā:

  1. nā hewa hoʻopaʻa ʻana Nā hewa hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ke nalowale ka ʻikepili i ka cell memory i ka manawa
    E heluhelu i nā hewa hoʻopilikia, kahi e hoʻopōʻino ai ka hana heluhelu i nā ʻike o ke kelepona pili;
  2. Kākau i nā hewa hoʻopilikia, kahi e hoʻopōʻino ai ka hana heluhelu i ka ʻike o ke kelepona pili;
  3. ʻAʻole i pau ka holoi ʻana i nā hewa, ke hoʻopau ʻole ka hana holoi i nā ʻike o ke kelepona.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā hewa o nā ʻano ʻekolu hope loa (heluhelu hoʻopilikia, kākau hoʻopilikia, holoi ʻole ʻia) me ka haʻahaʻa hana, no laila ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o RBER a me ka haʻahaʻa hana e kōkua iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ka laha o nā ʻano hana hewa like ʻole. I loko o kahi noiʻi hou, "He noiʻi nui o nā hemahema flash memory i ke kula" (MEZA, J., WU, Q., KUMAR, S., MUTLU, O. "He haʻawina nui o nā hemahema flash memory in ke kahua." In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGMETRICS International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems, New York, 2015, SIGMETRICS '15, ACM, pp. 177–190) concluded that storage errors predominate in the field, while Reading errors he mea liilii loa.

Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 1 i kahi pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka waiwai RBER i ka mahina i hāʻawi ʻia o ke ola disk a me ka helu o nā heluhelu, kākau, a holoi ʻia i ka mahina hoʻokahi no kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona (no ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka coefficient correlation ma mua o 0,2 no ka MLC - B. kumu hoʻohālike a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 0,6 no ka SLC-B). Eia nō naʻe, he hoʻopili hoʻopunipuni kēia, no ka mea, pili paha ka haʻahaʻa hana o kēlā me kēia mahina i ka huina o nā pōʻai PE.

Ua hoʻohana mākou i ke ʻano hana like i wehewehe ʻia ma ka Pauku 4.2.2 e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hopena o ka hana mai nā hopena o nā pōʻai PE ma o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mahina o ka hana kaʻa ma muli o nā pōʻai PE mua, a laila e hoʻoholo kaʻawale i nā coefficient correlation no kēlā me kēia pahu.

Ua ʻike mākou i ka hoʻopili ʻana ma waena o ka helu o nā heluhelu i loko o ka mahina i hāʻawi ʻia o ke ola disk a me ka waiwai RBER i kēlā mahina i mau no nā hiʻohiʻona MLC-B a me SLC-B, ʻoiai ke kaupalena ʻana i nā pōʻai PE. Ua hana hou mākou i kahi loiloi like kahi i kāpae ʻia ai ka hopena o ka heluhelu ʻana i ka helu o nā kākau like ʻana a me ka holoi ʻana, a hoʻoholo i ka pilina ma waena o RBER a me ka helu o nā heluhelu e paʻa ana no ke kumu hoʻohālike SLC-B.

Hōʻike pū ka Figure 1 i ka pilina ma waena o RBER a kākau a holoi i nā hana, no laila ua hana hou mākou i ka loiloi like no ka heluhelu, kākau, a me ka holoi ʻana i nā hana. Hoʻoholo mākou ma ka palena ʻana i ka hopena o nā pōʻai PE a me ka heluhelu ʻana, ʻaʻohe pilina ma waena o ka waiwai RBER a me ka helu o nā kākau a me nā holoi.

No laila, aia nā hiʻohiʻona disk kahi i loaʻa ai ka hopena koʻikoʻi o nā hewa hewa heluhelu i ka RBER. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe mea hōʻike e pili ana iā RBER e nā hewa hewa kākau a me nā hewa holoi ʻole.

4.2.4 RBER a me ka lithography.

Hiki i nā ʻokoʻa o ka nui o nā mea ke wehewehe i nā ʻokoʻa o nā waiwai RBER ma waena o nā hoʻohālike kaʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana like, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo MLC a i ʻole SLC. (E nānā i ka Papa 1 no ka ʻike ʻana i ka lithography o nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole i loko o kēia haʻawina).

No ka laʻana, 2 SLC kükohu me 34nm lithography (model SLC-A a me SLC-D) loaʻa i ka RBER he kauoha o ka nui ma mua o ko 2 kükohu me 50nm microelectronic lithography (model SLC-B a me SLC-C). I ka hihia o nā hiʻohiʻona MLC, ʻo ka 43nm model (MLC-B) wale nō ka median RBER he 50% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā kumu hoʻohālike 3 ʻē aʻe me 50nm lithography. Eia kekahi, hoʻonui kēia ʻokoʻa i ka RBER ma kahi helu o 4 i ka pau ʻana o nā drive, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 2. ʻO ka hope, hiki i ka lithography thinner ke wehewehe i ka RBER kiʻekiʻe o nā eMLC drive e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā drive MLC. Ma ka holoʻokoʻa, loaʻa iā mākou nā hōʻike maopopo e pili ana ka lithography iā RBER.

4.2.5. Loaʻa i nā hewa ʻē aʻe.

Ua noiʻi mākou i ka pilina ma waena o RBER a me nā ʻano hewa ʻē aʻe, e like me nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia, nā hewa manawa manawa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, inā paha e piʻi aʻe ka waiwai RBER ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina o ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano hewa ʻē aʻe.

Hōʻike ka Figure 1 ʻoiai ʻo ka RBER o ka mahina i hala aku nei e wānana ana i nā waiwai RBER e hiki mai ana (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka correlation coefficient ma mua o 0,8), ʻaʻohe pilina koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia a me RBER (hui ʻākau loa o nā mea i ke Kiʻi 1). No nā ʻano hewa ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka coefficient correlation (ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi). Ua ʻimi hou mākou i ka pilina ma waena o RBER a me nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ma ka Pauku 5.2 o kēia pepa.

4.2.6. Ka hopena o nā kumu ʻē aʻe.

Ua loaʻa iā mākou nā hōʻike e loaʻa ana nā kumu i koʻikoʻi i ka RBER i hiki ʻole i kā mākou ʻikepili ke helu. Ma keʻano kūikawā, ua ʻike mākou he ʻokoʻa ka RBER no kahi ʻano disk i hāʻawi ʻia ma muli o ka pūʻulu kahi i kau ʻia ai ka disk. ʻO kahi laʻana maikaʻi ʻo ke Kiʻi 4, e hōʻike ana i ka RBER ma ke ʻano he hana o nā pōʻai PE no nā kaʻa MLC-D i ʻekolu mau pūʻulu like ʻole (laina dashed) a hoʻohālikelike ʻia me RBER no kēia kumu hoʻohālike e pili ana i ka huina o nā drive (laina paʻa). ʻIke mākou e mau ana kēia mau ʻokoʻa ʻoiai ke kaupalena mākou i ka mana o nā mea e like me ka makahiki disk a i ʻole ka helu o nā heluhelu.

ʻO kekahi wehewehe ʻana no kēia, ʻo ia ka ʻokoʻa o ke ʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma waena o nā pūʻulu, ʻoiai mākou e ʻike nei ʻo nā puʻupuʻu nona nā haʻahaʻa hana ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka heluhelu / kākau ʻana i ka RBER kiʻekiʻe loa.

ʻO ka hilinaʻi hoʻomanaʻo flash: i manaʻo ʻia a i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. Mahele 2. XIV ʻaha kūkā o ka hui USENIX. Nā ʻenehana mālama waihona
Laiki. 4 a), b). ʻO nā waiwai RBER Median ma ke ʻano he hana o nā pōʻai PE no ʻekolu mau puʻupuʻu like ʻole a me ka hilinaʻi o ka helu heluhelu / kākau i ka helu o nā pōʻai PE no ʻekolu mau pūʻulu like ʻole.

No ka laʻana, hōʻike ka Figure 4(b) i ka helu heluhelu/kākau o nā pūʻulu like ʻole no ke kumu hoʻohālike MLC-D. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole wehewehe ka ratio heluhelu/kākau i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā pūʻulu no nā hiʻohiʻona a pau, no laila aia kekahi mau kumu ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻole ʻia e kā mākou ʻikepili, e like me nā kumu kaiapuni a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana hana o waho.

4.3. RBER i ka ho'āʻo lōʻihi wikiwiki.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hana ʻepekema, a me nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia i ke kūʻai ʻana i ka media ma ke ʻano ʻenehana, wānana i ka hilinaʻi o nā mea hana ma ke kula e pili ana i nā hopena o nā hoʻokolohua lōʻihi wikiwiki. Ua hoʻoholo mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka maikaʻi o nā hopena o ia mau hoʻokolohua e pili ana i ka ʻike kūpono i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka media mālama paʻa.
ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā hopena hoʻāʻo i hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hoʻāʻo holo wikiwiki no nā lako i hāʻawi ʻia i nā kikowaena data Google i hōʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā waiwai RBER kahua ma mua o ka wānana. No ka laʻana, no ka eMLC-a kumu hoʻohālike, ʻo ka RBER waena no nā disks i hana ʻia ma ke kahua (i ka hopena o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka helu o nā pōʻai PE i hiki i 600) ʻo 1e-05, ʻoiai e like me nā hopena o ka hoʻāʻo wikiwiki ʻana, ʻo kēia RBER. pono e like ka waiwai ma mua o 4000 PE. Hōʻike kēia he paʻakikī loa ka wānana pololei i ka waiwai RBER ma ke kahua ma muli o nā koho RBER i loaʻa mai nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua.

Ua ʻike pū mākou he paʻakikī loa ka hana hou ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano hewa i ka wā hoʻāʻo wikiwiki. No ka laʻana, i ka hihia o ka MLC-B model, kokoke 60% o nā drive ma ke kahua e ʻike i nā hewa uncorrectable a kokoke 80% o nā drive e hoʻomohala i nā poloka maikaʻi ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hoʻomanawanui, ʻaʻohe o nā mea ʻeono i ʻike i nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia a hiki i ka holo ʻana i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu manawa o ka palena pōʻai PE. No nā hiʻohiʻona eMLC, ua loaʻa nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ma mua o 80% o nā kaʻa i ke kula, ʻoiai i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo wikiwiki ʻana ua loaʻa nā hewa ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i 15000 PE cycles.

Ua nānā pū mākou i ka RBER i hōʻike ʻia ma ka hana noiʻi mua, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā hoʻokolohua ma kahi kaiapuni i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a hoʻoholo i ka laulā o nā waiwai. No ka laʻana, ʻo L.M. ʻO Grupp a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i kā lākou hana 2009 -2012 hōʻike i nā waiwai RBER no nā kaʻa e kokoke ana e hiki i nā palena pōʻai PE. No ka laʻana, no nā polokalamu SLC a me MLC me nā nui lithography e like me nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i kā mākou hana (25-50nm), ka helu RBER mai 1e-08 a i 1e-03, me ka hapa nui o nā hoʻohālike kaʻa i hoʻāʻo ʻia me kahi waiwai RBER kokoke i 1e- 06.

Ma kā mākou noiʻi ʻana, ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona kaʻa ʻekolu i hiki i ka palena pōʻai PE he RBERs mai 3e-08 a i 8e-08. ʻOiai e noʻonoʻo ana he palena haʻahaʻa kā mākou helu a hiki ke 16 mau manawa nui i ka hihia ʻino loa, a i ʻole e noʻonoʻo i ka 95th percentile o RBER, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kā mākou waiwai.

ʻO ka holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā waiwai RBER ma mua o nā waiwai i wānana ʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hapa nui o nā RBER no nā mea like i hōʻike ʻia ma nā pepa noiʻi a helu ʻia mai nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua. ʻO ke ʻano kēia ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hilinaʻi i nā waiwai RBER kahua i loaʻa mai i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka durability wikiwiki.

5. Nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia.

Ma muli o ka laha nui ʻana o nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia (UE), i kūkākūkā ʻia ma ka Pauku 3 o kēia pepa, ma kēia ʻāpana mākou e ʻimi ai i ko lākou mau ʻano me nā kikoʻī. Hoʻomaka mākou ma ke kūkākūkā ʻana i ka metric e hoʻohana ai no ke ana ʻana i ka UE, pehea ka pili ʻana iā RBER, a pehea ka hopena o UE e nā kumu like ʻole.

5.1. No ke aha i kūpono ʻole ai ka ratio UBER.

ʻO ka metric maʻamau e hōʻike ana i nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia, ʻo ia ka UBER uncorrectable bit error rate, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ratio o ka helu o nā hewa bit uncorrectable i ka huina o nā bits heluhelu.

Ke manaʻo nei kēia metric i pili ʻia ka helu o nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia i ka helu o nā bits i heluhelu ʻia, a no laila pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia e kēia helu.

He kūpono kēia manaʻo no nā hewa i hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ka nui o nā hewa i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka mahina i hāʻawi ʻia me ka helu o nā heluhelu i ka manawa like (Spearman correlation coefficient ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.9). ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻopili ikaika ʻana, ʻo ka hoʻokahi ʻāpana maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoiai e hoʻoponopono ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ECC, e hoʻomau i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka helu o nā hewa me kēlā me kēia hana heluhelu i loaʻa iā ia, ʻoiai ʻo ka loiloi o ka cell i loaʻa ka bit bad. ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono koke ʻia ke ʻike ʻia kahi hewa (nā disks wale nō e kākau hou i nā ʻaoʻao me nā ʻāpana pōʻino).

ʻAʻole pili ka manaʻo like i nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hewa i ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i ka poloka i hōʻino ʻia, no laila ke ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole e pili kēlā poloka i ka helu o nā hewa i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

No ka hōʻoia ʻana i kēia manaʻo, ua hoʻohana mākou i nā metric like ʻole e ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka helu o nā heluhelu i loko o ka mahina i hāʻawi ʻia o ke ola disk a me ka helu o nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia i ka manawa like, me nā coefficients correlation like ʻole (Pearson, Spearman, Kendall) , a me ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi . Ma waho aʻe o ka helu o nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia, ua nānā pū mākou i ke alapine o nā hanana hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia (ʻo ia hoʻi.
ʻAʻole mākou i ʻike i kahi hōʻike o ka pilina ma waena o ka helu o nā heluhelu a me ka helu o nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia. No nā kŘkohu kaʻa a pau, aia ka heluna hoʻopili ma lalo o 0.02, a ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka UE i nā kiʻi i ka piʻi ʻana o ka helu o nā heluhelu.

Ma ka Paukū 5.4 o kēia pepa, kūkākūkā mākou ʻaʻohe pili o nā hana kākau a holoi ʻana me nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia, no laila, ʻaʻohe manaʻo o ka wehewehe ʻokoʻa o UBER, i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e ka kākau a holoi ʻana i nā hana ma mua o nā hana heluhelu.

No laila ke manaʻo nei mākou ʻaʻole he metric koʻikoʻi ʻo UBER, koe wale nō paha ke hoʻāʻo ʻia ma nā wahi i hoʻomalu ʻia kahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai ka helu o nā heluhelu e ka mea hoʻokolohua. Inā hoʻohana ʻia ʻo UBER ma ke ʻano he metric i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa maoli ia i ka helu kuhi no nā drive me ka helu heluhelu kiʻekiʻe a hoʻonui i ka helu hewa no nā drive me ka helu heluhelu haʻahaʻa, no ka mea, hiki mai nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻole me ka nānā ʻole i ka helu o nā heluhelu.

5.2. Nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia a me RBER.

Ua wehewehe ʻia ka pili o RBER ma ke ʻano he ana ia o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hilinaʻi holoʻokoʻa o ke kaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, e pili ana i ka likelihood o nā hewa uncorrectable. I kā lākou hana, ʻo N. Mielke et al ma 2008 ka mea mua i manaʻo e wehewehe i ka helu kuhi hewa ʻole i manaʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano he hana o RBER. Mai ia manawa, nui nā mea hoʻomohala pūnaewele i hoʻohana i nā ʻano like, e like me ka helu ʻana i ka helu kuhi hewa ʻole i manaʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano he hana o ke ʻano RBER a me ECC.

ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻāpana ke ʻike i ka maikaʻi o ka wānana ʻana o RBER i nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia. E hoʻomaka kākou me ka Figure 5a, e hoʻolālā ana i ka RBER median no kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kaʻa hana mua me ka pākēneka o nā lā a lākou i hoʻohana ai i ʻike i nā hewa UE hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona 16 i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pakuhi ma ka Papa 1 ma muli o ka nele o ka ʻike loiloi.

ʻO ka hilinaʻi hoʻomanaʻo flash: i manaʻo ʻia a i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. Mahele 2. XIV ʻaha kūkā o ka hui USENIX. Nā ʻenehana mālama waihona
Laiki. 5a. Ka pilina ma waena o RBER median a me nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia no nā ʻano hoʻohālike like ʻole.

ʻO ka hilinaʻi hoʻomanaʻo flash: i manaʻo ʻia a i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. Mahele 2. XIV ʻaha kūkā o ka hui USENIX. Nā ʻenehana mālama waihona
Laiki. 5b. ʻO ka pilina ma waena o RBER waena a me nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia no nā pahu like ʻole o ke ʻano hoʻohālike.

E hoʻomanaʻo i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona a pau i loko o ka hanauna hoʻokahi i ka mīkini ECC like, no laila kūʻokoʻa nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hiʻohiʻona i nā ʻokoʻa ECC. ʻAʻole mākou i ʻike i ka pilina ma waena o nā hanana RBER a me UE. Ua hana mākou i ka ʻāpana like no ka 95th percentile RBER versus UE probability a ʻaʻole i ʻike hou i ka pilina.

Ma hope aʻe, ua hana hou mākou i ka nānā ʻana ma kahi granularity o nā disks pākahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻāʻo mākou e ʻike inā aia nā disks kahi e pili ana ka waiwai RBER kiʻekiʻe i kahi alapine UE kiʻekiʻe. No ka laʻana, hoʻolālā ka Figure 5b i ka RBER median no kēlā me kēia kaʻa o ke kŘkohu MLC-c me ka helu o nā UE (nā hopena e like me nā mea i loaʻa no ka 95th percentile RBER). Eia hou, ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike i ka pilina ma waena o RBER a me UE.

ʻO ka hope, ua hana mākou i ka nānā ʻana i ka manawa kūpono e nānā ai inā pili paha nā mahina hana o nā kaʻa me RBER kiʻekiʻe i nā mahina i loaʻa ai nā UE. Ua hōʻike mua ka Figure 1 he haʻahaʻa loa ka coefficient correlation ma waena o nā hewa uncorrectable a me RBER. Ua hoʻāʻo pū mākou me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka likelika o ka UE ma ke ʻano he hana o RBER a ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi hōʻike o ka pilina.

No laila, manaʻo mākou he metric hilinaʻi ʻole ʻo RBER no ka wānana UE. ʻOkoʻa paha nā ʻano hana hemahema e alakaʻi ai iā RBER mai nā hana e alakaʻi ai i nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia (e laʻa.

5.3. Nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia.

No ka mea, ʻo ka luhi kekahi o nā pilikia nui o ka hoʻomanaʻo uila, hōʻike ʻo Figure 6 i ka hiki i kēlā me kēia lā o nā hewa kalaiwa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ma ke ʻano he hana o nā pōʻai PE.

ʻO ka hilinaʻi hoʻomanaʻo flash: i manaʻo ʻia a i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. Mahele 2. XIV ʻaha kūkā o ka hui USENIX. Nā ʻenehana mālama waihona
Kiʻi 6. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia lā nā hewa kaʻa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ma muli o nā pōʻai PE.

Hoʻomaopopo mākou e piʻi mau ana ka nui o ka UE me ka makahiki o ke kaʻa. Eia naʻe, e like me RBER, ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka piʻi ʻana ma mua o ka manaʻo maʻamau: hōʻike nā kiʻi i ka ulu ʻana o UE ma ka laina laina ma mua o ka exponentially me nā pōʻai PE.

ʻElua mau manaʻo hoʻoholo a mākou i hana ai no RBER pili pū i nā UE: ʻo ka mua, ʻaʻohe piʻi aʻe o ka hiki ke hala ke hiki i ka palena pōʻai PE, e like me ke Kiʻi 6 no ke kumu hoʻohālike MLC-D nona ka palena pōʻai PE he 3000. ʻO ka lua, ʻElua. , ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka hewa ma waena o nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole, ʻoiai i loko o ka papa like. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole like ka nui o kēia mau ʻokoʻa e like me RBER.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, ma ke kākoʻo ʻana i kā mākou ʻike ma ka Pauku 5.2, ua ʻike mākou i loko o kahi papa hoʻohālike hoʻokahi (MLC vs. SLC), ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona me nā koina RBER haʻahaʻa no kekahi helu o nā pōʻai PE ʻaʻole pono nā mea me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. hiki mai o UE. No ka laʻana, ma mua o 3000 PE, ua loaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona MLC-D nā waiwai RBER 4 mau manawa haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā hiʻohiʻona MLC-B, akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka UE no ka helu like o nā pōʻai PE no nā hiʻohiʻona MLC-D ma mua o MLC-B. nā hiʻohiʻona.

ʻO ka hilinaʻi hoʻomanaʻo flash: i manaʻo ʻia a i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. Mahele 2. XIV ʻaha kūkā o ka hui USENIX. Nā ʻenehana mālama waihona
Kiʻi 7. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mahina ka hiki ʻana o nā hewa kaʻa uncorrectable ma ke ʻano he hana o ka hiki ʻana o nā hewa mua o nā ʻano like ʻole.

5.4. Nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia.

No nā kumu like e hiki ai i ka haʻahaʻa hana ke hoʻopilikia i ka RBER (e nānā i ka Pauku 4.2.3), hiki ke manaʻo ʻia e pili pū i ka UE. No ka laʻana, no ka mea, ʻike mākou e pili ana nā hewa hewa heluhelu iā RBER, hiki i nā hana heluhelu ke hoʻonui i ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻole ʻia.

Ua hana mākou i kahi noiʻi kikoʻī e pili ana i ka hopena o ka hana ma ka UE. Eia naʻe, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Pauku 5.1, ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike i kahi pilina ma waena o UE a me ka helu o nā heluhelu. Ua hana hou mākou i ka loiloi like no ka kākau ʻana a me ka holoi ʻana i nā hana a ʻike hou ʻole i ka pilina.
E hoʻomaopopo i ka nānā mua ʻana, ʻike ʻia kēia e kūʻē i kā mākou ʻike mua ʻana e pili ana nā hewa uncorrectable me nā pōʻai PE. No laila, manaʻo paha kekahi i ka pilina me ka helu o nā hana kākau a holoi.

Eia nō naʻe, i kā mākou nānā ʻana i ka hopena o nā pōʻai PE, ua hoʻohālikelike mākou i ka helu o nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia i loko o ka mahina i hāʻawi ʻia me ka huina o nā pōʻai PE i ʻike ʻia e ka huakaʻi i kona ola a hiki i kēia lā i mea e ana i ka hopena o ka lole. I ke aʻo ʻana i ka hopena o ka hana, ua nānā mākou i nā mahina o ka hana kaʻa i loaʻa ka helu kiʻekiʻe o ka heluhelu / kākau / holoi ʻana i nā hana i loko o kekahi mahina, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa e hana ai i nā hewa uncorrectable, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole mākou i lawe i loko. e helu i ka huina o nā hana heluhelu/kākau/ holoi.

ʻO ka hopena, ua hōʻea mākou i ka hopena ʻo ka heluhelu ʻana i nā hewa hewa, kākau i nā hewa hewa, a me nā hewa holoi ʻole ʻana ʻaʻole ia nā kumu nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hewa hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono.

Mahalo no kou noho pū ʻana me mākou. Makemake ʻoe i kā mākou ʻatikala? Makemake ʻoe e ʻike i nā mea hoihoi hou aʻe? E kākoʻo iā mākou ma ke kau ʻana i kahi kauoha a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo ʻana i nā hoaaloha, 30% ho'ēmi no nā mea hoʻohana Habr ma kahi kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa o nā kikowaena helu komo, i hana ʻia e mākou no ʻoe: ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo holoʻokoʻa e pili ana iā VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 Cores) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps mai $ 20 a pehea e kaʻana like ai i kahi kikowaena? (loaʻa me RAID1 a me RAID10, a hiki i 24 cores a hiki i 40GB DDR4).

ʻO Dell R730xd 2 mau manawa maʻalahi? Eia wale nō 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TV mai $199 ma Netherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - mai $99! Heluhelu e pili ana Pehea e kūkulu ai i ka ʻoihana ʻoihana. papa me ka hoʻohana 'ana o Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 kikowaena waiwai 9000 euros no ka peni?

Source: www.habr.com

Pākuʻi i ka manaʻo hoʻopuka