0. Hoʻolauna, a i ʻole kahi offtopicUa hānau ʻia kēia ʻatikala no ka mea paʻakikī loa ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohālikelike o ia polokalamu, a i ʻole he papa inoa wale nō, ma kahi hoʻokahi. Pono mākou e ʻohi i kahi pūʻulu mea e hiki ai i kahi ʻano hopena.
Ma keia manao, au i hoʻoholo e hoola iki manawa a me ka hooikaika ana no ka poe i hoihoi i keia pukana, a ohi ma kahi hookahi i ka loa hiki, heluhelu haku 'ia e aʻu, helu o nā nenoaiu no ka pūnaewele mapping'a ma kahi hookahi.
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻōnaehana i wehewehe ʻia ma kēia ʻatikala ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e aʻu iho. ʻO ka mea nui paha, he mau mana kahiko kēia i kēia manawa. ʻIke au i kekahi o kēia mau mea no ka manawa mua, a ua ʻohi ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana iā lākou ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kēia ʻatikala.
Ma muli o koʻu hoʻopā ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana no ka manawa lōʻihi, a ʻaʻole i hoʻopā i kekahi o lākou, ʻaʻohe oʻu mau screenshots a i ʻole nā hiʻohiʻona. No laila ua hōʻoluʻolu au i koʻu ʻike ma Google, wiki, ma youtube, nā kahua hoʻomohala, ʻeli au i nā screenshots ma laila, a ʻo ka hopena ua loaʻa iaʻu kahi ʻike.
1. Kumumanaʻo
1.1. He aha ke kumu?
E pane i ka nīnau "No ke aha?" Pono mua ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka "Network Map". ʻO ka palapala 'āina - (ʻo ka pinepine) kahi hōʻike logical-graphical-schematic o ka launa pū ʻana o nā hāmeʻa pūnaewele a me kā lākou pili, e wehewehe ana i kā lākou mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi a me nā waiwai. I kēia mau lā, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia me ka nānā ʻana i ke kūlana o nā mea hana a me kahi ʻōnaehana makaʻala. No laila: a laila, i mea e loaʻa ai kahi manaʻo e pili ana i kahi o nā nodes pūnaewele, kā lākou pilina a me nā pilina ma waena o lākou. I ka hui pū ʻana me ka nānā ʻana, loaʻa iā mākou kahi mea hana no ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻano a me ka wānana i ka ʻano o ka pūnaewele.
1.2. L1, L2, L3
ʻO lākou kekahi Layer 1, Layer 2 a me Layer 3 e like me ke kumu hoʻohālike OSI. L1 - pae kino (wires and switching), L2 - physical addressing level (mac-addresses), L3 - logical addressing level (IP-addresses).
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe kumu o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi palapala L1, e hahai pono ana ia mai ka L2 like, koe wale nō paha nā mea hoʻololi media. A laila, i kēia manawa aia nā mea hoʻololi media i hiki ke nānā ʻia.
ʻO ke kūpono - kūkulu ʻo L2 i kahi palapala ʻāina e pili ana i nā mac-addresses o nā nodes, L3 - ma nā helu IP o nā nodes.
1.3. He aha ka ʻikepili e hōʻike ai
Pili ia i nā hana e hoʻoholo ʻia a me nā makemake. No ka laʻana, makemake maoli wau e hoʻomaopopo inā he "ola" ka ʻāpana hao ponoʻī, ma kahi o ke awa e "kau ai" a ma ke ʻano o ke awa i luna a i lalo paha. ʻO L2 paha. A ma ka laulā, ʻike ʻia ʻo L2 iaʻu ʻo ka topology palapala ʻāina e pili ana i ka manaʻo i noi ʻia. Akā, ʻo ka ʻono a me ke kala ...
ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka wikiwiki o ka pilina ma ke awa, akā ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi inā loaʻa kahi mea hoʻopau ma laila - kahi paʻi PC. He mea maikaʻi ke ʻike i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻouka ʻana o ka mea hana, ka nui o ka RAM manuahi a me ka mahana ma ka ʻāpana hao. Akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi kēia, ma aneʻi e pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i kahi ʻōnaehana nānā hiki ke heluhelu i ka SNMP a hōʻike a hōʻike i ka ʻikepili i loaʻa. Nā mea hou aʻe e pili ana i kēia ma hope.
No L3, ua loaʻa iaʻu kēia .
1.4. Pehea?
Hiki ke hana me ka lima, hiki ke hana aunoa. Inā ma ka lima, a laila no ka manawa lōʻihi a pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ke kumu kanaka. Inā maʻalahi, a laila pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo pono e "akamai" nā mea pūnaewele āpau, hiki ke hoʻohana i ka SNMP, a pono e hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia kēia SNMP i hiki i ka ʻōnaehana e hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻikepili mai iā lākou ke heluhelu i kēia ʻikepili.
Me he mea lā ʻaʻole paʻakikī. Akā, aia nā pitfalls. E hoʻomaka ana me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole hiki i kēlā me kēia ʻōnaehana ke heluhelu i nā ʻikepili āpau a mākou e makemake ai e ʻike mai ka hāmeʻa, a ʻaʻole hiki i nā hāmeʻa pūnaewele āpau ke hāʻawi i kēia ʻikepili, a hoʻopau me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole hiki i kēlā me kēia ʻōnaehana ke kūkulu i nā palapala ʻāina i loko. ʻano ʻakomi.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hana palapala ʻāina ma kahi o kēia:
- heluhelu ka ʻōnaehana i ka ʻikepili mai nā lako pūnaewele
- e pili ana i ka ʻikepili, hoʻokumu ia i kahi papa o ka helu wahi e pili ana i nā awa no kēlā me kēia awa o ke alalai
- pili i nā helu wahi a me nā inoa mea hana
- kūkulu i nā pili port-portdevice
- huki i kēia mau mea a pau ma ke ʻano o kahi kiʻi, "intuitive" no ka mea hoʻohana
2. E hoʻomaʻamaʻa
No laila, e kamaʻilio kākou i kēia manawa e pili ana i kāu mea e hoʻohana ai no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka palapala ʻāina. E lawe mākou i wahi hoʻomaka a mākou e makemake ai, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia kaʻina hana e like me ka hiki. ʻAe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ʻo Paint a me MS Visio ... ʻoiai ... ʻAʻole, ʻo lākou.
Aia kekahi polokalamu kūikawā e hoʻonā i ka pilikia o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi palapala ʻāina. Hiki i kekahi mau polokalamu lako polokalamu ke hāʻawi i kahi kaiapuni no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kiʻi me nā waiwai, ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i nā loulou, a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka "mākaʻi" ma kahi ʻano ʻoki loa (inā ola a ʻaʻole pane hou paha ka node). ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea ʻē aʻe ke kahakiʻi wale i ke kiʻikuhi pūnaewele ma o lākou iho, akā heluhelu pū kekahi i kahi pūʻulu o nā ʻāpana mai SNMP, e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea hoʻohana ma o SMS i ka wā o ka haki ʻana, hāʻawi i kahi pūʻulu o ka ʻike ma nā awa o ka lako pūnaewele, a ʻo kēia wale nō. ʻāpana o kā lākou hana (ka NetXMS like).
2.1. Nā huahana
ʻAʻole i piha ka papa inoa, no ka mea he nui nā polokalamu like. Akā ʻo kēia ka mea a Google e hāʻawi ai ma ke kumuhana (me nā pūnaewele ʻōlelo Pelekania):
Nā papahana open source:
LanTopoLog
Nagios
icinga
NeDi
Pandora FMS
PRTG
NetXMS
ʻO Zabbix
Nā papahana i uku ʻia:
Lākana
Hui Pūnaehana Nānā
ʻO Solarwinds Network Topology Mapper
UVexplorer
Auvik
AdRem NetCrunch
2.2.1. polokalamu manuahi
2.2.1.1. LanTopoLog
Hoʻolālā ʻia nā polokalamu e Yuri Volokitin. He maʻalahi ka interface e like me ka hiki. Kākoʻo ʻo Softina, e ʻōlelo kākou, ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pūnaewele semi-aunoa. Pono ʻo ia e "hānai" i nā hoʻonohonoho o nā mea ala āpau (IP, SNMP credentials), a laila e hana nā mea āpau iā ia iho, ʻo ia hoʻi, e kūkulu ʻia nā pilina ma waena o nā mea e hōʻike ana i nā awa.
Loaʻa nā mana uku a manuahi o ka huahana.
2.2.1.2. Nagios
Ua puni ka polokalamu Open Source mai ka makahiki 1999. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka ʻōnaehana no ka nānā ʻana i ka pūnaewele, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki iā ia ke heluhelu i ka ʻikepili ma o SNMP a kūkulu maʻalahi i kahi palapala pūnaewele, akā no ka mea ʻaʻole kēia kāna hana nui, hana ia i kēia ma kahi ʻano ... ʻano ʻē ... hoʻohana ʻia ʻo NagVis. e kukulu palapala aina.
2.2.1.3. Icinga
ʻO Icinga kahi ʻōnaehana Open Source i wili mua ʻia mai Nagios. Hāʻawi ka ʻōnaehana iā ʻoe e kūkulu aunoa i nā palapala ʻāina. ʻO ka pilikia wale nō ke kūkulu ʻana i nā palapala ʻāina me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka NagVis addon, i hoʻomohala ʻia ma lalo o Nagios, no laila e manaʻo mākou he ʻano like kēia mau ʻōnaehana ʻelua i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi palapala pūnaewele.
2.2.1.4. NeDi
Hiki iā ia ke ʻike maʻalahi i nā nodes i ka pūnaewele, a ma muli o kēia ʻikepili, kūkulu i kahi palapala ʻāina. He mea maʻalahi ka interface, aia ka nānā ʻana i ke kūlana ma o SNMP.
Loaʻa nā mana manuahi a uku ʻia o ka huahana.
2.2.1.5. Pandora FMS
Hiki i ka ʻike ʻokoʻa, ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pūnaewele, SNMP. ʻAno maikaʻi.
Loaʻa nā mana manuahi a uku ʻia o ka huahana.
2.2.1.6. PRTG
ʻAʻole ʻike ka polokalamu i ke kūkulu ʻokoʻa ʻana i kahi palapala ʻāina, ʻo ka huki lima wale ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā kiʻi. Akā i ka manawa like, hiki iā ia ke nānā i ke kūlana o nā polokalamu ma o SNMP. Ke waiho nei ka interface i nā mea i makemake ʻia, i koʻu manaʻo kumuhana.
30 lā - hana piha, a laila - "free version".
2.2.1.7. NetXMS
ʻO NetMXS kahi ʻōnaehana nānā Open Source, ʻo ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi palapala pūnaewele he hana ʻaoʻao. Akā, ua hoʻokō pono ʻia. ʻO ka hale ʻakomi e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻokoʻa, ka nānā ʻana i ka node ma o SNMP, hiki ke nānā i ke kūlana o nā awa ala ala a me nā helu ʻē aʻe.
2.2.1.8. ʻO Zabbix
ʻO Zabbix kekahi ʻōnaehana nānā Open Source, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a me ka ikaika ma mua o NetXMS, akā hiki iā ia ke kūkulu i nā palapala pūnaewele ma ke ʻano manual, akā hiki iā ia ke nānā kokoke i nā ʻāpana router, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
2.2.2. lako polokalamu uku
2.2.2..1 Mokuaina Lan
ʻO ka polokalamu uku e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke nānā pono i ka topology pūnaewele a kūkulu i kahi palapala ʻāina e pili ana i nā lako i ʻike ʻia. Hāʻawi iā ʻoe e nānā i ke kūlana o nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka updown o ka node ponoʻī.
2.2.2.2. Hui Pūnaehana Nānā
Ka lako polokalamu uku ʻaʻole i kūkulu ʻakomi i ka palapala ʻāina. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻo ia i ka ʻike ʻana i nā nodes. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kēia ka Visio like, e kālele ana i ka topology network. Hāʻawi iā ʻoe e nānā i ke kūlana o nā mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka updown o ka node ponoʻī.
Puka! Ua kākau wau ma luna nei e hōʻole ana mākou i ka Paint a me Visio ... ʻAe, e ʻae.
ʻAʻole i loaʻa iaʻu kahi puke wikiō, a ʻaʻole pono iaʻu ... ʻO ka papahana ka mea.
2.2.2.3. ʻO Solarwinds Network Topology Mapper
Uku lako polokalamu, aia kahi manawa hoʻokolokolo. Hiki iā ia ke nānā maʻalahi i ka pūnaewele a hana i kahi palapala ʻāina iā ia iho e like me nā ʻāpana i kuhikuhi ʻia. He maʻalahi a ʻoluʻolu ke kikowaena.
2.2.2.4. UVexplorer
Uku lako polokalamu, 15-lā hoao. Hiki iā ia ke ʻike a huki maʻalahi i kahi palapala ʻāina, e nānā i nā hāmeʻa ma ke kūlana piʻi / lalo, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma o ka ping device.
2.2.2.5. Auvik
ʻO ka polokalamu uku maikaʻi loa e hiki ke ʻike a nānā i nā polokalamu pūnaewele.
2.2.2.6. AdRem NetCrunch
Uku lako polokalamu me ka 14-lā hoao. Hiki iā ia ke ʻike auto a kūkulu hou i ka pūnaewele. ʻAʻole i hoʻoulu ʻia ka interface. Hiki ke nānā aku ma SNMP.
3. Papa hoʻohālikelike
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, paʻakikī loa ka loaʻa ʻana o nā palena kūpono a koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana a i ka manawa like e hoʻokomo iā lākou i loko o kahi pā liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia kaʻu i loaʻa:
* ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho "User Friendly" he kumuhana nui a maopopo iaʻu kēlā. Akā pehea e wehewehe ai i ka "clumsiness and unreadability" ʻaʻole wau i hele mai.
** "Ka nānā ʻana ʻaʻole wale i ka pūnaewele" e pili ana i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana ma ke ʻano he "pūnaewele nānā" ma ke ʻano maʻamau o kēia huaʻōlelo, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hiki ke heluhelu i nā metric mai ka OS, virtualization hosts, loaʻa ka ʻikepili mai nā noi i ka malihini. OSes, etc.
4. Manaʻo pilikino
Mai kaʻike pilikino,ʻaʻole au iʻike i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka polokalamu ma kahi kaʻawale no ka nānāʻana i ka pūnaewele. ʻOi aku koʻu hauʻoli i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana nānā no nā mea āpau a me nā mea āpau me ka hiki ke kūkulu i kahi palapala ʻāina. He paʻakikī ko Zabbix me kēia. ʻO Nagios a me Icinga pū kekahi. A ʻo NetXSM wale nō i hauʻoli i kēia mea. ʻOiai, inā huikau ʻoe a hana i kahi palapala ʻāina ma Zabbix, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohiki ma mua o NetXMS. Aia pū kekahi Pandora FMS, PRTG, Solarwinds NTM, AdRem NetCrunch, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i kēia ʻatikala, akā ʻike wau iā lākou i nā kiʻi a me nā wikiō, no laila ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo i kekahi mea e pili ana iā lākou.
Ua kākau ʻia e pili ana iā NetXMS me kahi ʻike liʻiliʻi o nā hiki o ka ʻōnaehana a me kahi liʻiliʻi pehea e.
PS:
Inā wau i hana hewa ma kahi, a ua hewa paha wau, e ʻoluʻolu, e hoʻoponopono iā ia ma nā ʻōlelo, e hoʻoponopono wau i ka ʻatikala i ʻole ka poʻe i ʻike i kēia ʻike pono e hoʻopaʻa pālua i nā mea āpau mai ko lākou ʻike ponoʻī.
Спасибо.
Source: www.habr.com