Hiki i ka nūnū lawe lawe ʻia me nā kāleka microSD ke hoʻololi i ka nui o ka ʻikepili me ka wikiwiki a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe.
Nānā transl.: ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻia ke kumu o kēia ʻatikala ma ka pūnaewele IEEE Spectrum ma ʻApelila 1, ʻo nā ʻike āpau i helu ʻia i loko o ia mea he hilinaʻi loa.
Ma ka mahina o Pepeluali e pili ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka kāleka flash microSD mua o ka honua me ka hiki o 1 terabyte. ʻO ia, e like me nā kāleka ʻē aʻe ma kēia ʻano, he liʻiliʻi, ʻo 15 x 11 x 1 mm wale nō ke ana, a he 250 mg kona kaumaha. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokomo i ka nui o ka ʻikepili i loko o kahi wahi kino liʻiliʻi, a hiki ke kūʻai ʻia no $550. E like me kou hoʻomaopopo ʻana, ʻike ʻia nā kāleka microSD mua 512 GB i hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua, i Pepeluali 2018.
Ua maʻa loa mākou i ka wikiwiki o ka holomua ʻana i ka helu ʻana a ʻaʻole i ʻike nui ʻia kēia mau piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka mālama ʻana, i kekahi manawa e loaʻa ana kahi leka paʻi a me kahi pou blog a ʻelua paha. ʻO ka mea hoihoi loa (a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hopena) ʻo ia ka wikiwiki o kā mākou hiki ke hana a mālama i ka ʻikepili e ulu ana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ko mākou hiki ke hoʻouna iā ia ma nā pūnaewele hiki ke loaʻa i ka hapa nui o ka poʻe.
ʻAʻole hou kēia pilikia, a no nā makahiki i kēia manawa ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano "cunnets" like ʻole e lawe kino i ka ʻikepili mai kahi wahi a i kahi ʻē aʻe - ma ka wāwae, ma ka leka uila, a i ʻole ma nā ʻano exotic. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻikepili i hoʻohana ikaika ʻia no nā makahiki he tausani i hala, ʻo ia nā manu nūnū lawe, hiki ke hele i nā haneli a i ʻole mau tausani mau kilomita ka lōʻihi, hoʻi i ka home, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana hoʻokele, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ia mea. i ao pono ia. ʻIke ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka throughput (ka nui o ka ʻikepili i hoʻoili ʻia ma kahi mamao i hāʻawi ʻia i ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka Peronet e pili ana i ka nūnū ma mua o nā pūnaewele maʻamau.
Mai ka "IP Datagram Transmission Standard for Air Carriers"
Ma ʻApelila 1, 1990, ua noi ʻo David Weitzman Noi no ka Manaʻo (RFC) i kapa ʻia "", i kēia manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo IPoAC. Hōʻike ʻo RFC 1149 i "kahi ʻano hoʻokolohua no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā datagrams IP i nā mea lawe ea", a ua loaʻa iā ia nā mea hou e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka lawelawe a me ka neʻe ʻana i IPv6 (i paʻi ʻia ʻApelila 1, 1999 a me ʻApelila 1, 2011).
ʻO ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi RFC ma ka lā ʻApelila Fool he kuʻuna i hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1978 me RFC 748, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻouna i ke kauoha IAC DONT RANDOMLY-LOSE i kahi kikowaena telnet e hoʻōki i ka nalowale o ka ʻikepili. He manaʻo maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻole anei? A ʻo kēia kekahi o nā waiwai o ka April Fool's RFC, wehewehe , nāna i alakaʻi i ka Pūʻulu Hana Pūnaewele ma CERN mai 1985 a i 1996, i alakaʻi i ka IETF mai 2005 a i 2007, a ke noho nei i New Zealand. "Pono ʻo ia e hiki ke hana ʻenehana (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e uhaʻi i nā kānāwai o ka physics) a pono ʻoe e heluhelu i kahi ʻaoʻao ma mua o kou ʻike ʻana he ʻakaʻaka ia," wahi āna. "A, ʻoiaʻiʻo, he mea lapuwale ia."
ʻO Carpenter, a me kāna hoa hana ʻo Bob Hinden, lākou i kākau i ka April Fool's RFC, i wehewehe ʻia , i ka makahiki 2011. A i ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope o kona hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻike ʻia ʻo IPoAC. "Ua ʻike nā kānaka a pau e pili ana i nā mea lawe mokulele," i ʻōlelo mai ai ʻo Carpenter iā mākou. "Ke kamaʻilio nei māua ʻo Bob i kekahi lā ma kahi hālāwai IETF e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana o IPv6, a ʻo ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohui ʻana iā IPoAC i hele maoli mai."
, ka mea i wehewehe mua ʻia ʻo IPoAC, wehewehe i nā pono he nui o ka maʻamau hou:
Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā lawelawe like ʻole ma o ka pecking prioritization. Eia kekahi, aia ka ʻike a me ka luku ʻana i nā ilo. No ka mea ʻaʻole hōʻoia ʻo IP i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka packet 100%, hiki ke ʻae ʻia ka nalowale o kahi mea lawe. I ka wā lōʻihi, hoʻihoʻi nā mea lawe iā lākou iho. ʻAʻole i wehewehe ʻia ka hoʻolaha a hiki i ka ʻino ke hopena i ka nalowale ʻikepili. Hiki ke ho'āʻo mau i ka lawe ʻana a hiki i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka mea lawe. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ala hoʻokele a hiki ke loaʻa pinepine ma nā pā uwea a ma nā lāʻau [Pelekania ʻO ka log ke ʻano o ka "log" a me ka "log for writing" / approx. unuhi].
Hoʻohui ka hōʻano hou (RFC 2549) i nā kikoʻī koʻikoʻi:
ʻO ka multicasting, ʻoiai ua kākoʻo ʻia, pono ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi hāmeʻa cloning. Hiki ke nalo nā mea halihali inā hoʻonoho lākou iā lākou iho ma luna o kahi lāʻau e ʻoki ʻia ana. Māhele ʻia nā mea lawe ma ka lāʻau hoʻoilina. Loaʻa i nā mea lawe kaʻa he TTL awelika o 15 mau makahiki, no laila ua kaupalena ʻia kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻimi apo.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ostriches ma ke ʻano he mau mea lawe ʻē aʻe, me ka nui o ka hiki ke hoʻoili i ka nui o ka ʻike, akā hāʻawi lohi i ka lawe ʻana a koi i nā alahaka ma waena o nā wahi like ʻole.
Hiki ke loaʻa nā kūkākūkā hou no ka maikaʻi o ka lawelawe ma .
mai Carpenter, e wehewehe ana i ka IPv6 no IPoAC, e ʻōlelo ana, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā pilikia e pili ana i ka hoʻokele packet:
ʻO ka hele ʻana o nā mea lawe ma ka ʻāina o nā mea lawe e like me lākou, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻaelike e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻike o nā hoa, hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi hoʻololi koʻikoʻi i ke ala, ka looping package a me ka lawe ʻana i waho. ʻO ka hele ʻana o nā mea lawe ma ka ʻāina o nā predator hiki ke alakaʻi i ka nalowale nui o nā pōʻai. Manaʻo ʻia e noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia mau mea i ka algorithm design table routing design. ʻO ka poʻe e hoʻokō i kēia mau ala, i mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka lawe ʻana i ka hilinaʻi, pono e noʻonoʻo i ke alahele e pili ana i nā kulekele e pale aku i nā wahi kahi e hoʻokele nui ai nā mea lawe kaʻa.
Aia nā hōʻike e ʻai ana kekahi mau mea lawe i nā mea lawe ʻē aʻe a laila lawe i ka ukana i ʻai ʻia. Hiki i kēia ke hāʻawi i kahi ala hou no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻeke IPv4 i loko o nā ʻeke IPv6, a i ʻole.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ke kūlana IPoAC i ka makahiki 1990, akā ua hoʻouna ʻia nā leka e nā nūnū halihali no ka lōʻihi loa: hōʻike ke kiʻi i kahi manu nūnū lawe lawe ʻia e hoʻouna ʻia ana ma Switzerland, ma waena o 1914 a me 1918.
He kūpono ka manaʻo mai kahi maʻamau, ʻo ka manaʻo i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1990, ʻo ke ʻano kumu no ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻikepili ma o ka protocol IPoAC i pili me ka paʻi ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo hexadecimal ma ka pepa. Mai ia manawa, ua loli ka nui, a ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o ka ʻikepili i kūpono i ka leo kino a me ke kaumaha, ʻoiai ua mau ka nui o ka uku o ka manu nūnū. Hiki i nā nūnū ke lawe i ka ukana he hapa nui o ko lākou kaumaha o ke kino - ʻo ke kaumaha o ka manu nūnū homing ma kahi o 500 grams, a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 75 hiki iā lākou ke lawe i nā kāmela XNUMX gram no ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻāina ʻenemi.
Ua kamaʻilio mākou me , he mea hauʻoli heihei nūnū mai Maryland, ua hōʻoia e hiki i nā nūnū ke lawe maʻalahi i ka 75 grams (a ʻoi aʻe paha) "ma kahi mamao a puni ka lā." I ka manawa like, hiki iā lākou ke lele i kahi mamao loa - mālama ʻia ka moʻolelo honua no ka nūnū homing e kahi manu makaʻu ʻole, nāna i lele mai Arras i Farani a i kona home ma Ho Chi Minh City ma Vietnam, e uhi ana i kahi huakaʻi o 11. km i 500 lā. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā nūnū homing, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke lele i kēlā mamao. ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o kahi papa heihei lōʻihi, e like me ka Lesofsky, ma kahi o 24 km, a uhi nā manu iā ia ma kahi awelika wikiwiki o 1000 km / h. Ma nā mamao pōkole, hiki i nā sprinters ke piʻi i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 70 km / h.
Hoʻohui pū i kēia mau mea a pau, hiki iā mākou ke helu inā mākou e hoʻouka i kahi nūnū lawe a hiki i kona hiki ke lawe i ka nui o 75 grams me nā kāleka microSD 1 TB, ʻo kēlā me kēia kaumaha he 250 mg, a laila hiki i ka nūnū ke lawe i 300 TB o ka ʻikepili. ʻO ka huakaʻi mai Kapalakiko a hiki i New York (4130 km) me ka māmā holo kiʻekiʻe, e loaʻa iā ia ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoili ʻikepili o 12 TB/hola, a i ʻole 28 Gbit/s, ʻo ia ka nui o nā kauoha o ka nui ma mua o ka hapa nui o nā pilina pūnaewele. Ma US, no ka laʻana, ʻike ʻia ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoiho ʻana ma Kansas City, kahi e hoʻoili ai ʻo Google Fiber i ka ʻikepili ma ka wikiwiki o 127 Mbps. Ma kēia wikiwiki, he 300 mau lā e hoʻoiho ai i ka 240 TB - a i kēlā manawa hiki i kā mākou nūnū ke lele a puni ka honua i 25 mau manawa.
E ʻōlelo kākou ʻaʻole ʻike maoli kēia hiʻohiʻona no ka mea e wehewehe ana i kekahi ʻano manu nūnū nui, no laila e lohi kākou. E lawe kākou i ka māmā holo awelika o 70 km/h, a hoʻouka i ka manu me ka hapalua o ka ukana nui loa i nā kāleka hoʻomanaʻo terabyte - 37,5 grams. Eia nō naʻe, inā mākou e hoʻohālikelike i kēia ʻano me kahi pilina gigabit wikiwiki loa, lanakila ka nūnū. Hiki i ka manu nūnū ke hoʻopuni i ka hapalua o ka honua i ka manawa e pau ai kā mākou hoʻoili faila, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻikepili e ka nūnū ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Pūnaewele no ka hoʻoili ʻana.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, he hoʻohālikelike kēia o ka throughput maʻemaʻe. ʻAʻole mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka manawa a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana e kope i ka ʻikepili ma nā kāleka microSD, e hoʻouka iā lākou ma luna o ka nūnū, a heluhelu i ka ʻikepili ke hiki aku ka manu i kona wahi e hele ai. He kiʻekiʻe loa nā latencies, no laila, ʻaʻole kūpono nā mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana i hoʻokahi ala. ʻO ka palena nui loa, ʻo ka lele ʻana o ka manu nūnū homing i kahi ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi a i hoʻokahi wahi, no laila ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i ka wahi no ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻikepili, a pono ʻoe e lawe i nā nūnū i kahi āu e makemake ai e hoʻouna aku iā lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi ka palena. kā lākou hoʻohana pono ʻana.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai me nā manaʻo maoli o ka uku a me ka wikiwiki o ka nūnū, a me kāna pili pūnaewele, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka paʻi ʻana o ka nūnū.
Me kēia mau mea a pau, pono e haʻi aku ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ke kamaʻilio nūnū ma ke ao maoli, a he hana maikaʻi loa ia. ʻO ka hui hoʻohana ʻo Bergen Linux mai Norewai ma 2001 , e hoʻouna ana i hoʻokahi ping me kēlā me kēia nūnū ma kahi mamao o 5 km:
Ua hoʻouna ʻia ka ping ma kahi o 12:15 p.m. Ua hoʻoholo mākou e hana i kahi manawa o 7,5 mau minuke ma waena o nā ʻeke, ʻo ia ka mea i hopena i ʻelua mau ʻeke i pane ʻole ʻia. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i hele like nā mea. He mau manu nūnū kā ko mākou hoalauna e lele ana ma luna o kona waiwai. A ʻaʻole makemake kā mākou mau nūnū e lele pololei i ka home, makemake mua lākou e lele pū me nā manu nūnū ʻē aʻe. A ʻo wai ka mea hiki ke hoʻohewa iā lākou, no ka mea, ʻo ka manawa mua ka puka ʻana o ka lā ma hope o kekahi mau lā ao?
Ua lanakila naʻe ko lākou manaʻo, a ua ʻike mākou pehea, ma hope o ka leʻaleʻa ʻana no hoʻokahi hola, ua haʻalele kekahi mau manu nūnū mai ka ʻohana a hele i ke ala pololei. Ua hauʻoli mākou. A ʻo kā mākou mau nūnū nō ia, no ka mea, ma hope koke iho o kēia, ua loaʻa mai ka lono mai kahi ʻē aʻe, ua pae ka nūnū ma luna o ka hale.
ʻO ka hope, hiki mai ka manu nūnū mua. Wehe ʻia ka ʻeke ʻikepili mai kona wāwae, wehe ʻia a nānā ʻia. Ma hope o ka nānā lima ʻana i ka OCR a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hewa ʻelua, ua ʻae ʻia ka pūʻolo i kūpono a hoʻomau kā mākou hauʻoli.
No ka nui maoli o ka ʻikepili (e like me ka nui o nā nūnū i paʻakikī i ka lawelawe ʻana), pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana kino. Hāʻawi ʻo Amazon i ka lawelawe – 45-kapuai pahu lawe ma luna o ke kalaka. Hiki i kekahi Snowmobile ke lawe i ka 100 PB (100 TB) o ka ʻikepili. ʻAʻole e neʻe wikiwiki e like me ka ʻohana like o nā haneli he nui, akā e maʻalahi ka hana pū me.
Me he mea lā ua māʻona ka hapa nui o nā poʻe me nā hoʻoiho ʻoluʻolu loa, a ʻaʻohe hoihoi nui i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kā lākou mau nūnū lawe. He ʻoiaʻiʻo he nui ka hana, wahi a Drew Lesofsky, a ʻaʻole maʻamau ka ʻano o nā nūnū e like me nā ʻeke ʻikepili:
Ke kōkua nui nei ka ʻenehana GPS i ka poʻe hauʻoli heihei nūnū a ke hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi nei mākou i ka lele ʻana o kā mākou mau nūnū a me ke kumu e lele wikiwiki ai kekahi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka laina pōkole loa ma waena o nā kiko ʻelua he laina pololei, akā ʻaʻole lele nā manu nūnū i kahi laina pololei. He zigzag pinepine lākou, lele lele ma ka ʻaoʻao i makemake ʻia a hoʻololi i ke ala i ko lākou hoʻokokoke ʻana i ko lākou wahi e hele ai. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ke kino a lele wikiwiki aku kekahi o lākou, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nūnū, ʻaʻohe pilikia olakino a hoʻomaʻamaʻa kino ʻia e hiki ke holo i mua o ka manu nūnū lele wikiwiki me kahi panana pōʻino.
He nui ka hilinaʻi o Lesofsky i nā manu nūnū ma ke ʻano he mea lawe ʻikepili: "E manaʻo nui wau i ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻike me kaʻu mau nūnū," wahi āna, ʻoiai e hopohopo nei no ka hoʻoponopono hewa. "E hoʻokuʻu wau i ʻekolu i ka manawa e hōʻoia inā inā he pōā hewa kekahi o lākou, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka panana ʻelua, a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka wikiwiki o nā mea ʻekolu."
ʻO nā pilikia me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka IPoAC a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hilinaʻi o nā pūnaewele wikiwiki (a pinepine ʻole ʻole) i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hapa nui o nā lawelawe i hilinaʻi ʻia i nā nūnū (a he nui ka nui o lākou) ua hoʻololi i nā ʻano hoʻoili ʻikepili maʻamau i nā makahiki i hala.
A ma muli o nā hoʻomākaukau mua a pau e pono ai e hoʻonohonoho i kahi ʻōnaehana data pigeon, hiki ke ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā koho like ʻole (e like me nā drones paʻa ʻēheu). Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i nā nūnū kekahi mau mea maikaʻi: maikaʻi lākou, hana no nā hua, ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi, loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻōnaehana pale pale paʻakikī i kūkulu ʻia i loko o lākou ma ka pae lako polokalamu a me nā lako, a hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonui iā lākou iho.
Pehea e pili ai kēia mau mea i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka maʻamau IPoAC? Aia kahi maʻamau, hiki ke loaʻa i nā mea a pau, ʻoiai inā he mea lapuwale. Ua nīnau mākou iā Brian Carpenter inā e hoʻomākaukau ana ʻo ia i kahi mea hou i ka maʻamau, a ʻōlelo ʻo ia e noʻonoʻo ana ʻo ia inā hiki i nā nūnū ke lawe i nā qubits. Akā inā he paʻakikī iki ka IPoAC (a he naʻaupō hoʻi) no kāu pono e hoʻoili i ka ʻikepili pilikino, e mau ana nā ʻano pūnaewele kamaʻilio maʻamau ʻole no ka wā e hiki mai ana, a ʻo kā mākou hiki ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ka ʻikepili e ulu wikiwiki ana. ma mua o ko mākou hiki ke hoʻouna aku.
Mahalo i ka mea hoʻohana iā AyrA_ch no ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka ʻike i kāna , a no ka oluolu , e kōkua ana i ka helu ʻana i ka mamao o nā nūnū ma mua o nā ʻano hana hoʻoili ʻikepili ʻē aʻe.
Source: www.habr.com