ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hana DNS ua hoʻopā pinepine ʻia e ka mea kākau i nā helu paʻi ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka blog. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka manaʻo nui i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka palekana o kēia lawelawe pūnaewele koʻikoʻi.
A hiki i keia manawa, me ka maopopo vulnerability o DNS traffic, ka mea, no ka hapa nui, i hoʻouna 'ia i loko o ka maopopo, i malicious hana ma ka aoao o ka mea hoʻolako 'imi e hoʻonui i kā lākou loaʻa kālā ma ka hoʻokomo 'ana i ka hoʻolaha i loko o ka maʻiʻo, aupuni palekana oihana a me ka censorship. a me nā lawehala wale nō, ke kaʻina hana , ʻoiai ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻenehana like ʻole e like me DNSSEC/DANE, DNScrypt, DNS-over-TLS a me DNS-over-HTTPS, ua paʻa. A inā i ʻike nui ʻia a loaʻa nā ʻōnaehana kikowaena, a ua lōʻihi kekahi o lākou, ʻo kā lākou kākoʻo mai nā polokalamu mea kūʻai aku e waiho nui i ka makemake.
ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ke loli nei ke kūlana. ʻO ka mea kūikawā, nā mea hoʻomohala o ka polokalamu Firefox kaulana e pili ana i nā hoʻolālā e hiki ai i ke ʻano kākoʻo ma ke ʻano paʻamau (DoH) koke. E kōkua kēia i ka pale ʻana i ka lele DNS o ka mea hoʻohana WWW mai nā mea hoʻoweliweli ma luna, akā hiki ke hoʻokomo i nā mea hou.
1. Nā pilikia DNS-over-HTTPS
I ka nānā mua ʻana, ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o DNS-over-HTTPS i loko o ka polokalamu Pūnaewele ke kumu wale nō i ka hopena maikaʻi. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka diabolo, e like me kā lākou e ʻōlelo nei, aia i nā kikoʻī.
ʻO ka pilikia mua e kaupalena ana i ka laulā o ka hoʻohana laha ʻana o DoH, ʻo ia wale nō ka nānā ʻana i ka holo pūnaewele. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka protocol HTTP a me kāna mana HTTP/2 i kēia manawa, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ʻo DoH, ke kumu o ka WWW. Akā ʻaʻole ʻo ka Pūnaewele ka pūnaewele wale nō. Nui nā lawelawe kaulana, e like me ka leka uila, nā ʻelele wikiwiki, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoili faila, multimedia streaming, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana iā HTTP. No laila, ʻoiai ka manaʻo o ka nui o DoH ma ke ʻano he panacea, ua lilo ia i mea kūpono ʻole me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana (a ʻaʻole pono) no kekahi mea ʻē aʻe ma waho o nā ʻenehana polokalamu kele pūnaewele. Ma ke ala, ʻike ʻia ʻo DNS-over-TLS he moho kūpono loa no kēia kuleana, e hoʻokō ana i ka encapsulation o ke kaʻa DNS maʻamau i ka protocol TLS maʻamau.
ʻO ka pilikia ʻelua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea nui ma mua o ka mea mua, ʻo ka haʻalele maoli ʻana i ka decentralization inherent o DNS ma o ka hoʻolālā ʻana no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kikowaena DoH hoʻokahi i kuhikuhi ʻia i nā hoʻonohonoho polokalamu. Ma keʻano kūikawā, manaʻo ʻo Mozilla e hoʻohana i kahi lawelawe mai Cloudflare. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia kekahi lawelawe like e nā kiʻi pūnaewele kaulana ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Google. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ka hoʻokō ʻana o DNS-over-HTTPS ma ke ʻano i manaʻo ʻia i kēia manawa e hoʻonui wale i ka hilinaʻi o nā mea hoʻohana hope i nā lawelawe nui loa. ʻAʻole ia he mea huna e hiki i ka ʻike e hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā nīnau nīnau DNS ke hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻikepili hou aʻe e pili ana iā ia, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i kona pololei a me ka pili.
Ma kēia mea, ua kākoʻo ka mea kākau i ka hoʻokō nui ʻaʻole o DNS-over-HTTPS, akā ʻo DNS-over-TLS me DNSSEC / DANE ma ke ʻano he ākea, paʻa a ʻaʻole kūpono i ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o ka pūnaewele. no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka palekana o ka lele DNS. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, no nā kumu maopopo, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke manaʻo i ka hoʻokomo wikiwiki ʻana i ke kākoʻo lehulehu no nā mea ʻē aʻe o DoH i loko o nā polokalamu mea kūʻai aku, a ʻo ia nō ke kahua o ka poʻe ʻenehana palekana.
Akā, ʻoiai ua loaʻa iā mākou ka DoH, no ke aha e hoʻohana ʻole ai ma hope o ka pakele ʻana i ka nānā ʻana e nā hui ma o kā lākou mau kikowaena i kā mākou kikowaena DNS-over-HTTPS?
2. DNS-over-HTTPS protocol
Inā ʻoe e nānā i ka maʻamau e wehewehe ana i ka protocol DNS-over-HTTPS, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike he ʻoiaʻiʻo, he API pūnaewele e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻopili i kahi pūʻulu DNS maʻamau i ka protocol HTTP/2. Hoʻokō ʻia kēia ma o nā poʻomanaʻo HTTP kūikawā, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka format binary o ka ʻikepili DNS i hoʻouna ʻia (e ʻike. a me nā palapala hope) i kahi palapala e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻouna a loaʻa iā lākou, a me ka hana pū me ka metadata pono.
Wahi a ka maʻamau, kākoʻo wale ʻia ʻo HTTP/2 a me kahi pilina TLS paʻa.
Hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia kahi noi DNS me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ala GET a me POST maʻamau. I ka hihia mua, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka noi i kahi string base64URL-encoded, a ma ka lua, ma o ke kino o ka noi POST ma ke ʻano binary. I kēia hihia, hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano ʻikepili MIME kūikawā i ka wā o ka noi a me ka pane DNS palapala noi/dns-message.
root@eprove:~ # curl -H 'accept: application/dns-message' 'https://my.domaint/dns-query?dns=q80BAAABAAAAAAAAB2V4YW1wbGUDY29tAAABAAE' -v
* Trying 2001:100:200:300::400:443...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to eprove.net (2001:100:200:300::400) port 443 (#0)
* ALPN, offering h2
* ALPN, offering http/1.1
* successfully set certificate verify locations:
* CAfile: /usr/local/share/certs/ca-root-nss.crt
CApath: none
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Encrypted Extensions (8):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, CERT verify (15):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Change cipher spec (1):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* SSL connection using TLSv1.3 / TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
* ALPN, server accepted to use h2
* Server certificate:
* subject: CN=my.domain
* start date: Jul 22 00:07:13 2019 GMT
* expire date: Oct 20 00:07:13 2019 GMT
* subjectAltName: host "my.domain" matched cert's "my.domain"
* issuer: C=US; O=Let's Encrypt; CN=Let's Encrypt Authority X3
* SSL certificate verify ok.
* Using HTTP2, server supports multi-use
* Connection state changed (HTTP/2 confirmed)
* Copying HTTP/2 data in stream buffer to connection buffer after upgrade: len=0
* Using Stream ID: 1 (easy handle 0x801441000)
> GET /dns-query?dns=q80BAAABAAAAAAAAB2V4YW1wbGUDY29tAAABAAE HTTP/2
> Host: eprove.net
> User-Agent: curl/7.65.3
> accept: application/dns-message
>
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Newsession Ticket (4):
* Connection state changed (MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS == 100)!
< HTTP/2 200
< server: h2o/2.3.0-beta2
< content-type: application/dns-message
< cache-control: max-age=86274
< date: Thu, 12 Sep 2019 13:07:25 GMT
< strict-transport-security: max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload
< content-length: 45
<
Warning: Binary output can mess up your terminal. Use "--output -" to tell
Warning: curl to output it to your terminal anyway, or consider "--output
Warning: <FILE>" to save to a file.
* Failed writing body (0 != 45)
* stopped the pause stream!
* Connection #0 to host eprove.net left intactE nānā pū i ke poʻo inoa ka mālama huna: i ka pane mai ke kikowaena pūnaewele. Ma ka palena max-makahiki Aia ka waiwai TTL no ka mooolelo DNS e hoʻihoʻi ʻia (a i ʻole ka waiwai liʻiliʻi inā e hoʻihoʻi ʻia ana kahi pūʻulu o ia mau mea).
Ma muli o ka mea i luna, ʻo ka hana ʻana o kahi kikowaena DoH he mau pae.
- Loaʻa i kahi noi HTTP. Inā he GET kēia, a laila e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻeke mai ka hoʻopili ʻana o base64URL.
- E hoʻouna i kēia ʻeke i ke kikowaena DNS.
- Loaʻa i kahi pane mai ka kikowaena DNS
- E huli i ka waiwai TTL liʻiliʻi ma nā moʻolelo i loaʻa.
- E hoʻihoʻi i kahi pane i ka mea kūʻai aku ma o HTTP.
3. ʻO kāu kikowaena DNS-over-HTTPS ponoʻī
ʻO ke ala maʻalahi, wikiwiki a maikaʻi loa e holo i kāu kikowaena DNS-over-HTTPS ponoʻī e hoʻohana i kahi kikowaena pūnaewele HTTP/2. , kahi i kākau pōkole ai ka mea kākau (e nānā i ka "").
Kākoʻo ʻia kēia koho e ka hiki ke hoʻokō piha ʻia nā code āpau o kāu kikowaena DoH ponoʻī me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka unuhi ʻōlelo i hoʻohui ʻia i H2O ponoʻī. . Ma waho aʻe o nā hale waihona puke maʻamau, e hoʻololi i ka ʻikepili me ka server DNS, pono ʻoe i ka (mrbgem) Socket waihona, ka mea, pōmaikaʻi, ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka mana hoʻomohala o kēia manawa o H2O 2.3.0-beta2 i nā awa FreeBSD. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke hoʻohui iā ia i kekahi mana o mua ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka waihona i ka papa helu /deps mamua o ka houluulu ana.
root@beta:~ # uname -v
FreeBSD 12.0-RELEASE-p10 GENERIC
root@beta:~ # cd /usr/ports/www/h2o
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o # make extract
===> License MIT BSD2CLAUSE accepted by the user
===> h2o-2.2.6 depends on file: /usr/local/sbin/pkg - found
===> Fetching all distfiles required by h2o-2.2.6 for building
===> Extracting for h2o-2.2.6.
=> SHA256 Checksum OK for h2o-h2o-v2.2.6_GH0.tar.gz.
===> h2o-2.2.6 depends on file: /usr/local/bin/ruby26 - found
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o # cd work/h2o-2.2.6/deps/
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o/work/h2o-2.2.6/deps # git clone https://github.com/iij/mruby-socket.git
Клонирование в «mruby-socket»…
remote: Enumerating objects: 385, done.
remote: Total 385 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 385
Получение объектов: 100% (385/385), 98.02 KiB | 647.00 KiB/s, готово.
Определение изменений: 100% (208/208), готово.
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o/work/h2o-2.2.6/deps # ll
total 181
drwxr-xr-x 9 root wheel 18 12 авг. 16:09 brotli/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 4 12 авг. 16:09 cloexec/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 5 12 авг. 16:09 golombset/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 35 12 авг. 16:09 klib/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 5 12 авг. 16:09 libgkc/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 26 12 авг. 16:09 libyrmcds/
drwxr-xr-x 13 root wheel 32 12 авг. 16:09 mruby/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 11 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-digest/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 10 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-dir/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 10 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-env/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 9 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-errno/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 14 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-file-stat/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 10 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-iijson/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 11 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-input-stream/
drwxr-xr-x 6 root wheel 11 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-io/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 10 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-onig-regexp/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 10 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-pack/
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 10 12 авг. 16:09 mruby-require/
drwxr-xr-x 6 root wheel 10 12 сент. 16:10 mruby-socket/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 9 12 авг. 16:09 neverbleed/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 13 12 авг. 16:09 picohttpparser/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 4 12 авг. 16:09 picotest/
drwxr-xr-x 9 root wheel 16 12 авг. 16:09 picotls/
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 8 12 авг. 16:09 ssl-conservatory/
drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 18 12 авг. 16:09 yaml/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 8 12 авг. 16:09 yoml/
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o/work/h2o-2.2.6/deps # cd ../../..
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o # make install clean
...He kūlana maʻamau ka hoʻonohonoho kikowaena pūnaewele.
root@beta:/usr/ports/www/h2o # cd /usr/local/etc/h2o/
root@beta:/usr/local/etc/h2o # cat h2o.conf
# this sample config gives you a feel for how h2o can be used
# and a high-security configuration for TLS and HTTP headers
# see https://h2o.examp1e.net/ for detailed documentation
# and h2o --help for command-line options and settings
# v.20180207 (c)2018 by Max Kostikov http://kostikov.co e-mail: [email protected]
user: www
pid-file: /var/run/h2o.pid
access-log:
path: /var/log/h2o/h2o-access.log
format: "%h %v %l %u %t "%r" %s %b "%{Referer}i" "%{User-agent}i""
error-log: /var/log/h2o/h2o-error.log
expires: off
compress: on
file.dirlisting: off
file.send-compressed: on
file.index: [ 'index.html', 'index.php' ]
listen:
port: 80
listen:
port: 443
ssl:
cipher-suite: ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:!DSS
cipher-preference: server
dh-file: /etc/ssl/dhparams.pem
certificate-file: /usr/local/etc/letsencrypt/live/eprove.net/fullchain.pem
key-file: /usr/local/etc/letsencrypt/live/my.domain/privkey.pem
hosts:
"*.my.domain":
paths: &go_tls
"/":
redirect:
status: 301
url: https://my.domain/
"my.domain:80":
paths: *go_tls
"my.domain:443":
header.add: "Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload"
paths:
"/dns-query":
mruby.handler-file: /usr/local/etc/h2o/h2odoh.rbʻO ka mea ʻokoʻa wale nō ka mea mālama URL /dns-query nona kā mākou kikowaena DNS-over-HTTPS, i kākau ʻia ma ka mruby a kāhea ʻia ma o ke koho handler, ke kuleana maoli. mruby.handler-file.
root@beta:/usr/local/etc/h2o # cat h2odoh.rb
# H2O HTTP/2 web server as DNS-over-HTTP service
# v.20190908 (c)2018-2019 Max Kostikov https://kostikov.co e-mail: [email protected]
proc {|env|
if env['HTTP_ACCEPT'] == "application/dns-message"
case env['REQUEST_METHOD']
when "GET"
req = env['QUERY_STRING'].gsub(/^dns=/,'')
# base64URL decode
req = req.tr("-_", "+/")
if !req.end_with?("=") && req.length % 4 != 0
req = req.ljust((req.length + 3) & ~3, "=")
end
req = req.unpack1("m")
when "POST"
req = env['rack.input'].read
else
req = ""
end
if req.empty?
[400, { 'content-type' => 'text/plain' }, [ "Bad Request" ]]
else
# --- ask DNS server
sock = UDPSocket.new
sock.connect("localhost", 53)
sock.send(req, 0)
str = sock.recv(4096)
sock.close
# --- find lowest TTL in response
nans = str[6, 2].unpack1('n') # number of answers
if nans > 0 # no DNS failure
shift = 12
ttl = 0
while nans > 0
# process domain name compression
if str[shift].unpack1("C") < 192
shift = str.index("x00", shift) + 5
if ttl == 0 # skip question section
next
end
end
shift += 6
curttl = str[shift, 4].unpack1('N')
shift += str[shift + 4, 2].unpack1('n') + 6 # responce data size
if ttl == 0 or ttl > curttl
ttl = curttl
end
nans -= 1
end
cc = 'max-age=' + ttl.to_s
else
cc = 'no-cache'
end
[200, { 'content-type' => 'application/dns-message', 'content-length' => str.size, 'cache-control' => cc }, [ str ] ]
end
else
[415, { 'content-type' => 'text/plain' }, [ "Unsupported Media Type" ]]
end
}E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo ʻo ke kikowaena caching kūloko ke kuleana no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻeke DNS, i kēia hihia mai ka puunaue FreeBSD maʻamau. Mai kahi manaʻo palekana, ʻo kēia ka hopena maikaʻi loa. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea e pale iā ʻoe mai ka hoʻololi localhost i kahi helu DNS ʻē aʻe āu i manaʻo ai e hoʻohana.
root@beta:/usr/local/etc/h2o # local-unbound verison
usage: local-unbound [options]
start unbound daemon DNS resolver.
-h this help
-c file config file to read instead of /var/unbound/unbound.conf
file format is described in unbound.conf(5).
-d do not fork into the background.
-p do not create a pidfile.
-v verbose (more times to increase verbosity)
Version 1.8.1
linked libs: mini-event internal (it uses select), OpenSSL 1.1.1a-freebsd 20 Nov 2018
linked modules: dns64 respip validator iterator
BSD licensed, see LICENSE in source package for details.
Report bugs to [email protected]
root@eprove:/usr/local/etc/h2o # sockstat -46 | grep unbound
unbound local-unbo 69749 3 udp6 ::1:53 *:*
unbound local-unbo 69749 4 tcp6 ::1:53 *:*
unbound local-unbo 69749 5 udp4 127.0.0.1:53 *:*
unbound local-unbo 69749 6 tcp4 127.0.0.1:53 *:*ʻO ka mea i koe e hoʻomaka hou i ka H2O a ʻike i ka mea e hiki mai ana.
root@beta:/usr/local/etc/h2o # service h2o restart
Stopping h2o.
Waiting for PIDS: 69871.
Starting h2o.
start_server (pid:70532) starting now...4. Hoao
No laila, e nānā i nā hopena ma ka hoʻouna hou ʻana i kahi noi hoʻāʻo a nānā i ka ʻoihana pūnaewele me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pono tcpdump.
root@beta/usr/local/etc/h2o # curl -H 'accept: application/dns-message' 'https://my.domain/dns-query?dns=q80BAAABAAAAAAAAB2V4YW1wbGUDY29tAAABAAE'
Warning: Binary output can mess up your terminal. Use "--output -" to tell
Warning: curl to output it to your terminal anyway, or consider "--output
Warning: <FILE>" to save to a file.
...
root@beta:~ # tcpdump -n -i lo0 udp port 53 -xx -XX -vv
tcpdump: listening on lo0, link-type NULL (BSD loopback), capture size 262144 bytes
16:32:40.420831 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 37575, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 57, bad cksum 0 (->e9ea)!)
127.0.0.1.21070 > 127.0.0.1.53: [bad udp cksum 0xfe38 -> 0x33e3!] 43981+ A? example.com. (29)
0x0000: 0200 0000 4500 0039 92c7 0000 4011 0000 ....E..9....@...
0x0010: 7f00 0001 7f00 0001 524e 0035 0025 fe38 ........RN.5.%.8
0x0020: abcd 0100 0001 0000 0000 0000 0765 7861 .............exa
0x0030: 6d70 6c65 0363 6f6d 0000 0100 01 mple.com.....
16:32:40.796507 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 37590, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 73, bad cksum 0 (->e9cb)!)
127.0.0.1.53 > 127.0.0.1.21070: [bad udp cksum 0xfe48 -> 0x43fa!] 43981 q: A? example.com. 1/0/0 example.com. A 93.184.216.34 (45)
0x0000: 0200 0000 4500 0049 92d6 0000 4011 0000 ....E..I....@...
0x0010: 7f00 0001 7f00 0001 0035 524e 0035 fe48 .........5RN.5.H
0x0020: abcd 8180 0001 0001 0000 0000 0765 7861 .............exa
0x0030: 6d70 6c65 0363 6f6d 0000 0100 01c0 0c00 mple.com........
0x0040: 0100 0100 0151 8000 045d b8d8 22 .....Q...].."
^C
2 packets captured
23 packets received by filter
0 packets dropped by kernelHōʻike ka hopena i ke ʻano o ka noi e hoʻonā i ka helu wahi example.com ua loaʻa a hoʻokō pono ʻia e ka server DNS.
ʻO nā mea a pau i koe, ʻo ka hoʻāla ʻana i kā mākou kikowaena ma ka polokalamu kele Firefox. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono ʻoe e hoʻololi i kekahi mau hoʻonohonoho ma nā ʻaoʻao hoʻonohonoho e pili ana i: config.
ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka helu o kā mākou API kahi e noi ai ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele i ka ʻike DNS network.trr.uri. Manaʻo ʻia hoʻi e kuhikuhi i ka IP domain mai kēia URL no ka hoʻonā IP palekana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele ponoʻī me ka ʻole e komo i ka DNS network.trr.bootstrapAddress. A ʻo ka hope, ʻo ka ʻāpana ponoʻī network.trr.mode me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā DoH. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka waiwai i "3" e koi ai i ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele e hoʻohana wale iā DNS-over-HTTPS no ka hoʻonā inoa, ʻoiai ʻo ka "2" hilinaʻi a paʻa e hāʻawi i ka mea nui iā DoH, e waiho ana i ka huli DNS maʻamau ma ke ʻano he koho fallback.
5. Pomaikai!
Ua kōkua anei ka ʻatikala? A laila, mai hilahila a kākoʻo me ke kālā ma o ka palapala hāʻawi (lalo).
Source: www.habr.com