FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol) He ʻohana ia o nā protocols i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻolako i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka puka paʻamau. ʻO ka manaʻo maʻamau no kēia mau protocols, ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi mau alalai i hoʻokahi mea hoʻokele virtual me kahi helu IP maʻamau. E hāʻawi ʻia kēia IP IP i nā mea hoʻokipa ma ke ʻano he helu ʻīpuka paʻamau. ʻO kahi hoʻokō manuahi o kēia manaʻo ʻo ka VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol). Ma kēiaʻatikala e nānā mākou i nā kumu o ka protocol VRRP.
Hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻokele VRRP i hoʻokahi mea hoʻokele virtual. Loaʻa i nā mea hoʻokele āpau i loko o kahi hui kahi helu IP virtual maʻamau (VIP) a me kahi helu hui maʻamau a i ʻole VRID (Virtual Router Identifier). Hiki i kekahi mea alalai ke lilo i lālā o kekahi mau pūʻulu, pono e loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o ia mau hui ponoʻī VIP/VRID ponoʻī.
I ka hihia o Cisco, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka mea hoʻokele virtual ma ke kikowaena hoihoi iā mākou me ke kauoha:
R1(config-if)# vrrp <group-number> ip <ip-address>Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea ala āpau i ʻelua ʻano: VRRP Master a me VRRP Backup.
Kumu VRRP ʻo ia ka mea alalai e hoʻouna i nā ʻeke no kēia pūʻulu virtual.
Pūnaehana VRRP he alaala e manaʻo nei i kahi ʻeke mai ka Haku. Inā pau ka hōʻea ʻana mai o nā ʻeke mai ka Haku, e hoʻāʻo ʻo Backup e hoʻololi i ka mokuʻāina Master.
Lilo ka mea alalai i Master inā loaʻa iā ia ka mea nui loa. Hoʻouna mau ka Haku i nā leka i ka helu hoʻolaha 224.0.0.18 e haʻi i nā mea hoʻokele Backup e hana ana. Hoʻouna ʻo Master i nā memo e like me ka Adver Timer, e like me 1 kekona ma ke ʻano maʻamau.
In this case, the group address 00:00:5E:00:01:xx ua hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he helu MAC o ka mea hoʻouna, kahi o xx ka VRID ma ke ʻano hexadecimal. Hoʻohana kēia laʻana i ka hui mua.
Inā ʻaʻole loaʻa nā memo i nā mea hoʻokele Backup i loko o ʻekolu Adver Timers (Master Down Timers), a laila ʻo ka mea alalai me ka mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke alalai me ka IP kiʻekiʻe e lilo i Haku hou. I kēia hihia, ʻo ka mea hoʻokele Backup me kahi ʻoi aku ka mea nui e lawe i ka kuleana Master me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ke pio ke ʻano hana mua o Backup, ʻaʻole e lawe ʻo Backup i ke kuleana mai ka Haku.
R1(config-if)# no vrrp <group-number> preemptInā ʻo ka mea hoʻokele VRRP ka mea nona ka helu VIP, a laila lawe mau ʻo ia i ke kuleana Master.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka mea nui VRRP i nā waiwai mai 1 a 254. Ua mālama ʻia ka waiwai 0 no nā hihia inā pono ke Kumu e hoʻokaʻawale e lawe i ke kuleana no ke alahele. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka waiwai 255 i ke alalai nona ka VIP. ʻO 100 ka mea nui ma mua, akā hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ka hoʻokele:
R1(config-if)#vrrp <group-number> priority <priority 1-254>Maanei hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka mea nui o ka mea hoʻokele i ka wā i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano hoʻokele:
A eia kahi hihia kahi o ka mea alalai ka mea nona ka VIP:
Hiki i kahi mea hoʻokele VRRP ke loaʻa ʻekolu mau mokuʻāina: Initialize, Backup, Master. Hoʻololi ka mea alalai i kēia mau mokuʻāina ma ke kaʻina.
Ma ka moku'āina Initialize, ke kali nei ka mea alalai e hoʻomaka i ka hana. Inā ʻo kēia router ka mea nona ka helu VIP (ʻo 255 ka mea nui), a laila hoʻouna ke alalai i nā memo e hōʻike ana ua lilo ia i Master. Hoʻouna pū ʻo ia , kahi e like ai ka helu wahi MAC kumu me ka helu wahi router virtual. A laila hele i ka moku'āina Master. Inā ʻaʻole ka mea alalai ka mea nona ka VIP, a laila hele ia i ka mokuʻāina Backup.
Ma ka moku'āina Backup, kali ka mea alalai no nā ʻeke mai ka Haku. ʻAʻole pane ka mea alalai ma kēia mokuʻāina i nā noi ARP mai ka helu VIP. ʻAʻole ia e ʻae i nā ʻeke i loaʻa ka helu MAC o ka router virtual e like me kā lākou wahi e hele ai.
Inā ʻaʻole loaʻa ʻo Backup i kahi leka mai ka Haku i ka wā o ka Master Down Timer, a laila hoʻouna ʻo ia i kahi leka VRRP e hōʻike ana ua kokoke ia e lilo i Haku. A laila hoʻouna i kahi leka hoʻolaha VRRP kahi e like ai ka helu MAC kumu me ka helu o kēia router virtual. Ma kēia memo, hōʻike ka mea alalai i kāna mea nui.
Ma ka moku'āina Master, hoʻoponopono ka mea alalai i nā ʻeke i hoʻouna ʻia i ka router virtual. E pane pū ana i nā noi ARP i ka VIP. Hoʻouna ka Haku i nā leka VRRP i kēlā me kēia Adver Timer e hōʻoia i ka hana.
*May 13 19:52:18.531: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Et1/0 Grp 1 state Init -> Backup
*May 13 19:52:21.751: %VRRP-6-STATECHANGE: Et1/0 Grp 1 state Backup -> MasterʻAe ʻo VRRP i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka ukana ma waena o nā mea ala. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua hana ʻia ʻelua mau pūʻulu VRRP ma hoʻokahi interface. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kekahi hui ma mua o kekahi. I kēia hihia, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka mea nui ma ke ala ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēlā mau mea. Inā ma kahi alalai ka mea nui o ka hui mua he 100, a ʻo ka hui ʻelua he 200, a laila ma kahi alalai ʻē aʻe ka mea nui o ka hui mua he 200, a ʻo ka lua 100.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, pono i kēlā me kēia hui ke loaʻa i kāna VIP ponoʻī. ʻO ka hopena, loaʻa iā mākou ʻelua mau helu IP i lawelawe ʻia e ʻelua mau mea ala, hiki i kēlā me kēia mea ke lilo i ʻīpuka paʻamau.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka hapalua o nā kamepiula i hoʻokahi helu helu puka paʻamau, ʻo kekahi hapa. No laila, e hele ka hapalua o ke kaʻa ma kekahi alalai, a ʻo ka hapalua ma kekahi. Inā hāʻule kekahi o nā mea ala, lawe ka lua i ka hana a nā VIP ʻelua.
No laila, ʻae ʻo VRRP iā ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i ka hoʻomanawanui hewa o ka ʻīpuka paʻamau, e hoʻonui ana i ka hilinaʻi o ka pūnaewele. A i ka hihia o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau mea hoʻokele virtual, hiki iā ʻoe ke kaulike i ka ukana ma waena o nā mea ala maoli. Hiki ke hōʻemi ʻia ka wikiwiki o ka pane ʻole ma ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā manawa.
Source: www.habr.com