Nā polokalamu polokalamu, hele i nā nīnauele

Lawe ʻia ke kiʻi mai kahi wikiō mai ke kahawai "Nā ʻAmethyst Koa»

Ua hana au ma ke ʻano he polokalamu polokalamu no Linux ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki. ʻO kēia nā modula kernel (kernel space), nā daemons like ʻole a me ka hana pū ʻana me nā lako mai kahi mea hoʻohana (space user), nā bootloaders like ʻole (u-boot, etc.), controller firmware a me nā mea hou aku. ʻOiai i kekahi manawa ua ʻoki ʻia ke kikowaena pūnaewele. Akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa e noho au me ka hao hao a launa pū me nā mea hoʻolālā papa kaapuni paʻi. ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia me ia hana, ʻo ia ka paʻakikī o ka nānā ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o kou mākaukau, no ka mea, ʻike hohonu paha ʻoe i kekahi hana, akā ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻike i kekahi. ʻO ke ala kūpono wale nō e hoʻomaopopo ai i kahi e hele ai a me ke ʻano o nā au i kēia manawa, ʻo ia ke hele i nā nīnauele.

Ma kēia ʻatikala makemake wau e hōʻuluʻulu i koʻu ʻike no ka nīnauele no kahi hakahaka ma ke ʻano he polokalamu polokalamu Linux, nā kikoʻī o ka nīnauele, ka hana, a pehea e loiloi ai i kou pae pilikino o ka ʻike ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kahi mea hana i ka wā e hiki mai ana a me nā mea āu e pono ʻole ai. manaʻo mai ia mea.

E komo ka ʻatikala i kahi hoʻokūkū liʻiliʻi me nā makana.

Nāʻano o kaʻoihana

ʻO kahi polokalamu polokalamu ʻōnaehana, ma ke kahua kikoʻī aʻu i hana ai, he loea piha piha: Pono wau e kākau i ka code a me ka debug hardware. A pinepine ka pono e kūʻai aku iā ʻoe iho. I kēlā me kēia manawa, ua hoʻololi ʻia kaʻu hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻenehana i nā mea hoʻomohala. No laila, no ka hana ʻana ma kēia wahi pono ʻoe i kahi kumu maikaʻi o ka ʻike, ma ke kahua o ka circuitry digital a me ka papahana. Ma muli o kēia, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā nīnauele no kahi kūlana polokalamu polokalamu me kahi ʻimi no ka loea uila.

He kahua hana maʻamau no ka mea polokalamu polokalamu.

Hōʻike ke kiʻi ma luna nei i kaʻu wahi hana maʻamau i ka wā e hoʻopau ana i nā mea hoʻokele. Hōʻike ka loiloi loiloi i ka pololei o nā leka i hoʻouna ʻia, nānā ka oscilloscope i ke ʻano o nā ʻaoʻao hōʻailona. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ka jtag debugger i loko o ke kiʻi, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā mea hana debugging maʻamau. A pono ʻoe e hiki ke hana me kēia mau mea hana a pau.

ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki a maʻalahi hoʻi e kūʻai hou i kekahi mau mea a hoʻoponopono i nā hewa topology iā ʻoe iho ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i ka huahana i kahi mea hoʻonohonoho. A laila noho pū kekahi hale kūʻai kūʻai ma kāu wahi hana.

ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma ka pae hoʻokele a me ka ʻenehana ʻaʻole kōkua ʻo Google. Pono ʻoe e ʻimi pinepine i ka ʻike e pili ana i kāu pilikia, a aia ʻekolu loulou, ʻelua o ia mau nīnau ponoʻī ma kekahi ʻaha kūkā. A i ʻole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ke loaʻa ʻoe i kahi nīnau mai ke kanaka ʻilihune i nīnau iā ia i 5 mau makahiki i hala ma ka papa inoa leka uila a ʻaʻole loaʻa kahi pane. Ma kēia hana, ma kahi o nā hewa i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā lako a me nā polokalamu, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā hewa palapala - ʻo ia paha nā pilikia koʻikoʻi a maikaʻi ʻole. I kekahi manawa ua wehewehe pololei ʻia nā papa inoa, a i ʻole ʻaʻohe wehewehe no lākou. Hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ia mau pilikia ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā helu maʻamau i kekahi mau papa inoa (he ʻano hoʻohuli). Loaʻa pinepine ka mea hana i kekahi mau hana, akā ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ke hoʻokō nei ʻoe i kēia hana (ʻoiai inā he mea hou ke kaʻina hana). A ʻo ia hoʻi ka hele ʻana ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ke kula me kahi rake, 70% o ia mea no nā keiki. Akā inā loaʻa nā palapala, ʻoiai me nā hewa, ua holomua kēia. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻaʻohe palapala, a ʻo ia ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka hele ʻana ma waena o nā minefield i ka wā e ʻā ana ka hao. A ʻae, ua hoʻoponopono maikaʻi au i ia mau pilikia.

Nīnauele

ʻO koʻu manaʻo, pono ʻoe e hele i nā nīnauele ma kahi o hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia ʻeono mahina, ʻoiai inā makemake ʻoe i kāu hana a ʻaʻole makemake ʻoe e hoʻololi. Hiki i kahi nīnauele ke hoʻomaopopo i kou pae ma ke ʻano he loea. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au ʻo nā nīnauele waiwai nui nā mea i hāʻule. ʻO lākou ka mea nāna e hōʻike pololei i nā bottlenecks i kou ʻike e pono e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia.

ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi ka maikaʻi o nā nīnauele. ʻO kēia kaʻu ʻike, ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke ʻae nei au ua laki wale wau. Inā hele ka nīnauele e like me ke kūlana:

• e haʻi mai iā mākou e pili ana iā ʻoe iho;
• He mau hana ko makou;
• makemake ʻoe?

A inā ma hope o kēia kamaʻilio makemake ʻoe i kekahi i kekahi, hele ʻoe i ka hana, a laila, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua ʻoluʻolu loa ka hui a me nā hana. Inā like ka ninaninau me ka hele ʻana i nā pōʻai 12 o Gehena: ʻo ka nīnauele mua me HR, a laila he nīnauele me kahi hui o nā mea papahana, a laila ke alakaʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā haʻawina home, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. no ka loihi loa. Eia hou, he nānā pilikino kēia, akā ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka bureaucracy a me kahi kaʻina hana hoʻolimalima e hōʻike ana i nā kaʻina hana like i loko o ka hui. Hana ʻia nā hoʻoholo me ka lohi a me ka maikaʻi ʻole. Aia kekahi mau kūlana kū'ē, i ka wā i loaʻa ai nā pōʻai o ka nīnauele hell, a ua lilo ka hui i mea nui, a i ka wā, ma hope o ka paʻi ʻana i ka lima, ua lilo ka hui i kahi puʻu, akā kakaikahi kēia.

Inā manaʻo ʻoe ʻo ke ʻano: hālāwai, haʻi e pili ana iā ʻoe iho a hoʻolimalima ʻia, aia wale nō i nā hui liʻiliʻi, a laila ʻaʻole. Ua ʻike au i kēia ma nā hui nui loa e hoʻohana ana ma mua o nā haneli o ka poʻe a ua pani ʻia ma nā mākeke honua. He hana maʻamau kēia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi mooolelo waiwai a loaʻa iā ʻoe ka manawa e kāhea aku i kāu mau mea hana ma mua a nīnau e pili ana iā ʻoe.

Noʻu, he hōʻailona maikaʻi loa ia o kahi hui ke noi lākou e hōʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona o kā lākou papahana a me nā code. Hōʻike kokeʻia ka pae o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka mea noi. A ʻo wau hoʻi, mai ka manaʻo o ke koho ʻana i nā moho, ʻo ia ke ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke koho ʻana ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā nīnauele. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻule i kahi hālāwai ninaninau mai ka hauʻoli, a i ʻole, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, e hele i waho i ka adrenaline. Akā i ka hana maoli, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō i nā hana maoli. A ua hālāwai pū wau me kēia i koʻu nīnauele ʻana i nā kānaka iaʻu iho. Hele mai kahi loea, hōʻike iā ia iho he maikaʻi loa, makemake wau iā ia, makemake ʻo ia iā mākou. A ua paʻakikī wau me ka pilikia maʻalahi no hoʻokahi mahina, a ma muli o ka hopena, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia kekahi mea papahana i loko o kekahi mau lā. Pono wau e kaʻawale me kēlā mea polokalamu.

Mahalo nui au i nā hana hoʻolālā ma nā nīnauele. A ʻo nā mea pono e hoʻoholo pono i ka wā o ka hālāwai, ma lalo o ke kaumaha, a me nā haʻawina home. Hōʻike ka mea mua i kou mākaukau e hoʻoponopono wikiwiki a pololei i nā pilikia i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi a me ka pilikia. Hōʻike ka lua i kou pae o ka mākaukau a me ka hiki ke ʻimi i ka ʻike a hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia o kēia manawa.

ʻO nā hana hoihoi loa i loaʻa iaʻu ma ka hale pale o ko mākou ʻāina. I ke kaʻina hana, pono iaʻu e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia maikaʻi ʻole i moeʻuhane ʻole ʻia e ka poʻe papahana pāʻoihana. Supercomputers, hoʻolālā i nā ala ala, nā ʻōnaehana hakakā node - he mea hoihoi loa kēia. I ka wā o ka parade ʻike ʻoe i kahi paʻakikī e mālama i kāu code, maikaʻi loa ia. ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ʻo nā nīnauele me ia mau hui he mea maʻalahi loa, hele maoli mai, e like me ia, ʻae ʻia (ʻo ia paha nā kikoʻī o ka pūʻali koa, ʻaʻole makemake e kamaʻilio nui), ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻO nā pilikia aʻu i kū ai ma laila he hoihoi a paʻakikī. Me ka ʻike, ua ʻike ʻia ua maikaʻi lākou no ke aʻo ʻana e lilo i mea papahana ʻōnaehana kiʻekiʻe. He mau hemahema kekahi, ʻaʻole kēia he uku haʻahaʻa. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka uku o ka hale pale, me nā bonus a me nā pōmaikaʻi. E like me ke kānāwai, he nui nā bureaucracy, nā hola hana lōʻihi, nā hana wikiwiki ʻole, a me ka hana ma lalo o ke kaumaha nui. I kekahi mau hihia, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hūnā, kahi e hoʻohui ai i kekahi mau pilikia no ka hele ʻana i waho. Eia kekahi, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hana ʻino o nā luna, a ʻo kēia, auwe, hiki pū kekahi. ʻOiai ʻoluʻolu loa koʻu ʻike i ka hana ʻana me kahi mea kūʻai aku. He manaʻo hui kēia o ʻekolu mau keʻena noiʻi a me nā hui e pili ana i nā kauoha pale moku'āina.

Nā hana ninaninau

I mea e pale aku ai i nā kuhi hewa ʻole a i ʻole e hōʻike i nā hui aʻu i nīnauele ai, ʻaʻole wau e hoʻowalewale i ka hopena a hōʻike i kā lākou kikoʻī. Akā, mahalo wau no kēlā me kēia nīnauele, no ka manawa a nā kānaka i hoʻohana ai iaʻu, no ka manawa kūpono e nānā iaʻu iho mai waho. Hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo wale aku ʻo nā hana no nā hui honua nui i hōʻike ʻia ma nā ʻāina like ʻole.

E haʻi aku wau iā ʻoe i ka mea hoihoi loa: he aha nā hana i hāʻawi ʻia i ka wā ninaninau. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo nā nīnau maʻamau no ka hakahaka o kahi polokalamu polokalamu a me microcontroller programmer he mau hana liʻiliʻi, ma nā ʻano like ʻole. No laila, e hoʻomākaukau maikaʻi iā ʻoe iho ma kēia wahi.

ʻO ka lua o ka polarizing kumuhana he signposts, e lele maoli kēia mai kou mau niho. No laila e hoʻāla lākou iā ʻoe i ke aumoe a hiki iā ʻoe ke haʻi a hōʻike i nā mea āpau.

Ua ʻaihue au i nā nīnau mai nā nīnauele he nui i loko o koʻu poʻo, a e hōʻike wau iā lākou ma ʻaneʻi, no ka mea, ʻike wau he mea hoihoi loa ia. ʻAʻole wau e hāʻawi i nā pane i kēia mau nīnau i hiki i ka poʻe heluhelu ke pane iā lākou iho i kēia mau nīnau ma nā ʻōlelo a loaʻa kahi pauda liʻiliʻi i ka wā e ninaninau maoli ai.

Nīnau Helu 1

I. Ka ike o SI. He aha ka manaʻo o kēia mau mea komo:

const char * str;

char const * str;

const * char str;

char * const str;

const char const * str;

Ua pololei anei nā mea kākau a pau?

II. No ke aha e hoʻolei ai kēia polokalamu i kahi hewa ʻāpana?

int main ()
{
       fprintf(0,"hellon");
       fork();
       return(0);
}

III. No ke akamai.

He lāʻau hoʻokahi mika ka lōʻihi. He ʻumi ʻanuʻu e hāʻule ma luna ona, e kolo ana ma nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole. He 1 m/s ka māmā holo o ka neʻe ʻana o kekahi ant. Inā hālāwai kekahi ʻanoano i kekahi ʻanoanu ʻē aʻe, huli aʻela ia a kolo ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe. He aha ka manawa lōʻihi e pono ai ʻoe e kali no ka hāʻule ʻana o nā ʻona a pau mai ka lāʻau?

ʻO ka nīnauele hou aʻe he hemahema iaʻu, a ke manaʻo nei au he mea pono loa ia i kaʻu hana hoʻolālā. Ua hōʻike i ka hohonu o koʻu hemahema. Ma mua o kēia nīnauele, ua kamaʻāina wau i kēlā me kēia nīnau a hele mau lākou i kaʻu hoʻomaʻamaʻa, akā naʻe ʻaʻole wau i hoʻopili nui iā lākou, a no laila, ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu. No laila, ua hāʻule au i kēia hoʻokolokolo me ka hilahila. A ke mahalo nui nei au i ka hiki ʻana mai o ia hemahema; ua loaʻa iaʻu ka hopena koʻikoʻi loa iaʻu. Manaʻo ʻoe he loea maikaʻi ʻoe, ʻike ʻoe i ka hoʻolālā kaapuni, nā pilina, a me ka hana pū me ka kernel. A laila he mau nīnau maoli kāu a lana ʻoe. No laila e nānā kāua.

Nīnau nīnau #2

Pilikia lako.

• Pehea e hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai nā kelepona ʻōnaehana linux ma ka ʻōlelo hui ma kahi kaʻina hana ARM, ma x86. He aha ka ʻokoʻa?
• He aha nā mea hana hoʻonohonoho? ʻO wai nā mea hana hoʻonohonoho hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kahi pōʻaiapili, ʻaʻole hiki, a no ke aha?
• He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o i2c bus a me spi bus?
• No ke aha he mau terminator ma ka pahi i2c a he aha ko lākou waiwai?
• Hiki i ka RS-232 ke hana WALE ma nā uea ʻelua: RX a me TX? Eia wau e hāʻawi i ka pane: Ua ʻike ʻia he hewa, ma 9600, akā hiki !!!
• A i kēia manawa ka nīnau ʻelua: no ke aha?
• He aha ke ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻonohonoho ai i nā laina hōʻailona a me ka mana ma nā papa multilayer a no ke aha? Mana i loko o nā papa, a i ʻole nā ​​laina hōʻailona i loko o nā papa? (ʻO ka nīnau maʻamau e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā kaapuni).
• No ke aha i loaʻa ai i nā laina ʻokoʻa nā ala hele i nā wahi a pau?
• kaʻa pahi RS-485. ʻO ka maʻamau, aia nā terminator ma ia laina. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa iā mākou kahi kaapuni hōkū, me kahi helu hoʻololi o nā modula plug-in. He aha ke ʻano e pale aku ai i ka hui ʻana a me ke keakea e hoʻohana ʻia?
• He aha nā lāʻau ʻulaʻula a me nā lāʻau binary?
• Pehea e hana ai me cmake?
• Nā nīnau e pili ana i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka yocto Linux.

Nā Pahuhopu no kēia nīnauele:

1. Kākau i kahi hana e hoʻohuli i uint32_t nā ʻāpana a pau. (He mea kaulana loa ka hana ʻana me nā bits ma nā nīnauele, paipai wau iā ia)
2.

int32_t a = -200;
uint32_t b = 200;
return *(uint32_t) * (&a)) > b;

He aha ka mea e hoʻi ai kēia hana? (ka hopena ma ka pepa, me ka ʻole o ke kamepiula)

3. Hana no ka helu ʻana i ka helu helu o nā helu ʻelua int32_t.

4. He aha nā hana hoʻopuka i nā papahana, me. i ke kahawai o na hewa.

ʻO ke kolu o ke koho ʻana he mea hou loa ia, a ʻaʻole wau e kāhāhā inā he nīnau nīnau ma laila, no laila ʻaʻole wau e hōʻike i ka hui i ʻole e hōʻike iā lākou ... o nā nīnau hiki, a inā ʻike ʻoe i kāu mau nīnau, a laila ke aloha aku nei au :).

Nīnau nīnau #3

1. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi laʻana o ke code traversal lāʻau; pono e haʻi i ka mea e hana ʻia nei ma kēia code a kuhikuhi i nā hewa.
2. E kākau i kekahi laʻana o ka pono ls. Me ka koho maʻalahi "-l".
3. E hāʻawi i kahi laʻana o ka hana ʻana i ka loulou static a dynamic. He aha ka ʻokoʻa?
4. Pehea e hana ai ka RS-232? He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o RS-485 a me RS-232? He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o RS-232 a me RS-485 mai ka manaʻo o ka mea polokalamu?
5. Pehea ka hana ʻana o USB (mai ka manaʻo o ka mea papahana)?
6. Ka unuhi ʻana o nā kikokikona ʻenehana mai ka Lūkini i ka ʻōlelo Pelekania.

ʻAʻole hōʻoia ka hālāwai ninaninau maikaʻi i ka hana holomua

ʻAʻole paha kēia mokuna no nā polokalamu polokalamu (ʻoiai no lākou pū kekahi), akā ʻoi aku ka nui no HR. ʻAʻole nānā pono nā ʻoihana kūpono i nā hopena o nā nīnauele. He mea maʻamau ka hana hewa; ʻike pinepine lākou i ka ʻike o ke kanaka pehea e hoʻoponopono ai i nā pilikia a me ke kumu.

ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi ʻo ka hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻana o kahi moho i nā pilikia i ka wā o nā nīnauele, hōʻike iā ia iho he loea maikaʻi loa, akā hāʻule i ka hana maoli mua. ʻAʻole wau e wahaheʻe, ua loaʻa iaʻu kēia. Ua hele maikaʻi wau ma nā pōʻai āpau o Gehena, hoʻoponopono i nā hana hoʻāʻo a pau, akā i nā kūlana maoli ua lilo ka hana i mea paʻakikī loa ma muli o ka ʻike maʻalahi. ʻAʻole ʻo ke kau ʻana ma luna o ka moku ka hana paʻakikī loa. ʻO ka mea paʻakikī ke noho ma luna o kēia hui.

No laila, ke hilinaʻi nei au i nā hui hou aku e hana i nā nīnauele maʻalahi me ka moho a ʻōlelo: ma hope o ka mahina mua o ka hana, e maopopo inā kūpono ʻoe iā mākou a ʻaʻole paha. ʻO kēia ke ala kūpono loa, ʻae, he pipiʻi iki paha, akā maopopo koke ʻo wai.

Aia kekahi koho ʻē aʻe no nā nīnauele: i ka wā e hoʻokō pono ai ʻoe, akā ma muli o nā hopena o ka hālāwai ninaninau ʻike ʻoe ʻaʻole lawa ka mea hana. Hōʻole koke wau i ka hana inā hāʻawi ʻia iaʻu e hana ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana hoʻokahi, e hoʻohiki ana i nā loaʻa kālā nui. He ʻano pale ʻauhau kēia no kahi hui hana, a no ke aha e hopohopo ai nā pilikia o ka mea hana iaʻu ma ke ʻano he polokalamu? ʻO kekahi koho ʻē aʻe nā keʻena aupuni. Ua loaʻa iaʻu kahi hālāwai ninaninau, no laila ua hāʻawi ʻia iaʻu kahi uku maikaʻi, akā ua ʻōlelo lākou ua haʻalele ka mea papahana mua, ua maʻi, ua make, ua hele i ka pānaʻi ma muli o ka hana, a hoʻomaka kāu lā hana ma ka hola 8 kakahiaka. . Mai ia wahi mai, holo aku la oia i olinolino kona mau ku'e wawae. ʻAe, HR, e ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomaopopo ua mākaukau nā mea polokalamu e hōʻole i ka hana ʻono loa inā pono e hoʻomaka ka lā hana i ke kakahiaka nui.

I ka hopena, e hāʻawi wau i kahi wikiō maikaʻi loa o ka koho programmer, kahi kiʻi i hāʻawi ʻia ma ka hoʻomaka o kēia ʻatikala. Ua loaʻa iaʻu kahi hālāwai ninaninau like ʻole ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa. Inā ʻike ʻoe i ka hoʻomāinoino ma ke kahua o nā nīnau, a laila e mahalo iā ʻoe iho, e ala aʻe, e lawe i kāu mau mea a haʻalele - he mea maʻamau kēia. Inā ʻōlelo ʻo HR a me ka manakia iā lākou iho i kāu kālā i ka wā o ka nīnauele, hōʻike kēia he mea ʻawaʻawa ka ʻoihana a ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hana ma laila ke ʻole ʻoe makemake i nā luna kūpono ʻole.

haʻina

E nā polokalamu polokalamu, e hele i nā nīnauele! A e ho'āʻo mau e hoʻokiʻekiʻe. E ʻōlelo mākou inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ke kālā N, a laila e hele i kahi ninaninau no ka liʻiliʻi loa N*1,2, a i ʻole N*1,5 ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻoe e lawe koke i kēia hakahaka, e hoʻomaopopo ʻoe i ka mea e pono ai no kēia pae o ka uku.
Ua hōʻike kaʻu mau ʻike i ka ʻike maikaʻi o ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, lawa ka ʻike waiwai i ka ʻoihana a me ka hilinaʻi ponoʻī e hoʻoholo. ʻO ka hope ka mea nui, e like me nā wahi āpau o ke ola. Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, hiki i kahi moho hilinaʻi ke hana maikaʻi i ka hālāwai ninaninau, ʻoiai me ka nui o nā hewa, ma mua o ka mea noi maikaʻi loa, akā ʻoi aku ka hilahila a me ka wikiwiki. Laki maikaʻi me kāu mau nīnauele!

P/S Competition

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o nā pilikia a HR i hoʻouka ai iā ʻoe, a laila e hoʻokipa i nā ʻōlelo. Ua hoʻomākaukau mākou i kahi hoʻokūkū liʻiliʻi - maʻalahi nā kūlana: kākau ʻoe i ka hana maʻamau i loaʻa iā ʻoe i ka wā o ka ninaninau, loiloi ka poʻe heluhelu (hoʻohui), a ma hope o hoʻokahi pule e hōʻuluʻulu mākou i nā hopena a uku i ka mea lanakila me nā mea leʻaleʻa.

Source: www.habr.com