Lā maikaʻi i nā mea a pau! Makemake au e hoʻolaʻa i kaʻu ʻatikala mua e pili ana i ka habr i kahi kumuhana hoihoi loa - ʻo ka RIPE Atlas Internet quality control system. ʻO kahi o kaʻu kahua hoihoi e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana i ka Pūnaewele a i ʻole ka cyberspace (kahi huaʻōlelo e ulu wikiwiki nei, ʻoi aku ma nā pōʻai ʻepekema). Nui nā mea ma RIPE Atlas ma ka Pūnaewele, me ka habr, akā ʻaʻole lawa iaʻu. No ka hapa nui, ua hoʻohana ka ʻatikala i ka ʻike mai ka pūnaewele official a me ko'u mau manao ponoi.
Ma kahi o kahi ʻōlelo mua
ʻO ka mea kākau inoa pūnaewele puni honua (RIR), nona nā kuleana e uhi iā ʻEulopa, Central Asia a me ka Middle East, ʻo ia ka RIPE NCC (Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Center). He hui waiwai ʻole ʻo RIPE NCC ma Netherlands. Kākoʻo i ka Pūnaewele. Hāʻawi i nā helu IP a me nā helu ʻōnaehana autonomous i nā mea hoʻolako pūnaewele kūloko a me nā hui nui.
ʻO kekahi o nā papahana poʻokela o ka RIPE NCC i manaʻo ʻia e noiʻi i ka mokuʻāina o ka Pūnaewele ʻo RIPE Atlas (hoʻomaka i ka hopena o 2010), ʻo ia kahi hoʻololi o ka Test Traffic Measurement Service, i hoʻōki i ka hana ma 2014.
ʻO RIPE Atlas kahi pūnaewele puni honua o nā sensor e ana ikaika ana i ke kūlana o ka Pūnaewele. Aia i kēia manawa he mau kaukani mau mea ʻike ma ka pūnaewele RIPE Atlas a ke ulu mau nei kā lākou helu. Hoʻopili ʻo RIPE NCC i ka ʻikepili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia a hoʻolako manuahi ʻia i nā mea hoʻohana ma kahi ʻano kūpono.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pūnaewele ma ke kumu o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā mea ʻike e nā mea hoʻohana i kā lākou ʻoihana, kahi i hoʻopuka ʻia ai nā "hōʻaiʻē", hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i nā ana o ka hoihoi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā sensor ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻo RIPE Atlas:
- e nānā i ka loaʻa o kāu pūnaewele mai nā wahi like ʻole ma ka Pūnaewele;
- e noiʻi a hoʻoponopono i kāu pūnaewele me nā hoʻokolohua hoʻohui wikiwiki a maʻalahi;
- i ka ʻōnaehana nānā o kāu pūnaewele ponoʻī;
- e nānā i ka loaʻa o ka ʻōnaehana DNS;
- Nānā pili IPv6.
RIPE Atlas
E like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo mua ai, ʻo RIPE Atlas kahi ʻōnaehana o nā sensor i loaʻa ma ka Pūnaewele a aia ma lalo o kahi mana hoʻokele hoʻokahi. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea ʻike maʻamau (Probes), aia kekahi mau mea kiʻekiʻe - nā heleuma (Anchors).
Ma ka waena o 2020, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana RIPE Atlas ma mua o 11 tausani mau mea hoʻoikaika ikaika a ʻoi aku ma mua o 650 mau heleuma ikaika, e hui pū ana ma mua o 25 tausani mau ana a loaʻa ma mua o 10 tausani mau hopena i kēlā me kēia kekona.
Hōʻike nā kiʻi ma lalo i ka ulu ʻana o ka nui o nā mea ʻike a me nā heleuma.
A e hōʻike ana nā kiʻi ma lalo nei i kahi palapala honua e hōʻike ana i kahi o nā mea ʻike a me nā heleuma.
ʻOiai ke kūlana kūloko o ka RIPE NCC, ʻo ka RIPE Atlas network e uhi kokoke i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, me Russia ma ka 5 kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano o ka helu o nā sensor i hoʻokomo ʻia (568), me Germany (1562), USA (1440), Farani. (925) a me UK (610).
Nā kikowaena mālama
I ke aʻo ʻana i ka hana ʻana o ka sensor, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia manawa (i kēlā me kēia 4 mau minuke) e nānā i ke kamaʻilio me kekahi mau mea ma ka pūnaewele, kahi i loaʻa ai nā kikowaena DNS root a me nā nodes me nā inoa inoa e like me "ctr-sin02.atlas.ripe.net" , Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au, ʻo ia nā kikowaena mana o ka pūnaewele RIPE Atlas.
ʻAʻole i loaʻa iaʻu ka ʻike e pili ana i nā kikowaena mana ma ka pūnaewele mana, akā hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo kā lākou mau hana e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā sensor, a me ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻikepili. Inā pololei kaʻu kuhi, aia ma ka liʻiliʻi he 6 mau kikowaena mana, aia 2 ma USA, 2 ma Netherlands, 1 ma Kelemānia, 1 ma Singapore. Ua wehe ʻia ʻo Port 443 ma nā kikowaena āpau.
Inā loaʻa kekahi ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā kikowaena mana o ka pūnaewele RIPE Atlas, e ʻoluʻolu e wehewehe i kēia pilikia.
Pūnaewele
ʻO ka sensor RIPE Atlas kahi mea liʻiliʻi (TP-Link 3020) i hoʻohana ʻia e USB a hoʻopili ʻia i ke awa Ethernet o ka mea hoʻohana me ke kelepona pūnaewele. Ma muli o ke kumu hoʻohālike, loaʻa paha i ka sensor kahi chipset Atheros AR9331, 400 MHz, 4 MB flash a me 32 MB RAM a i ʻole MediaNek MT7628NN chipset, 575 MHz, 8 MB flash a me 64 MB RAM.
Heleuma
ʻO ka armature kahi sensor i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia me ka hana ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka hiki ke ana. He mea ia i loko o ka mana 19-inihi maʻamau ma ka APU2C2 a i ʻole APU2E2 lako kahua me ka 4-core 1 GHz kaʻina hana, 2 GB o RAM, 3 mau awa Gigabit Ethernet a me kahi 250 GB SSD drive. .
Hoʻokomo a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka mea ʻike
E like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai, hāʻawi manuahi ʻia nā sensor no ke kumu o ka hoʻokomo ʻana iā lākou i kāu ʻoihana. Ke noi nei i kahi sensor, e hōʻike i ka ʻāina, ke kūlanakauhale a me ka helu o ka ʻōnaehana autonomous kahi e kū ai. I ka pane ʻana i kaʻu noi, ua hoʻouna ka RIPE NCC i kēia memo.
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō kāu noi i kā mākou mau koi no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea ʻike hāmeʻa i kēia manawa. ʻOiai ʻo kā mākou pahuhopu ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā sensor RIPE Atlas e like me ka hiki, ʻike ʻia ua lawa nā mea i pili i loko o ka ASN āu i kuhikuhi ai, ka pūnaewele āu i noi ai, a i ʻole ka ʻāina āu i noi ai.
ʻaʻole pilikia. I kēia hihia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻouka i kahi mea ʻike polokalamu, no ka laʻana, ma kahi mīkini virtual, server home a i ʻole router - ʻaʻohe palena o ka wahi a me ka ʻōnaehana autonomous. Kākoʻo ʻia ʻo CentOS, Debian, Raspbian a me Turris OS. No ka hoʻolaha ʻana, pono ʻoe e hoʻoiho a hoʻokomo i ka polokalamu kūpono, no ka laʻana mai .
He mea maʻalahi loa ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi mea ʻike polokalamu. No ka laʻana, e hoʻokomo ma CentOS 8 pono ʻoe e holo i kēia mau kauoha:
curl -O 'https://ftp.ripe.net/ripe/atlas/software-probe/centos8/noarch/ripe-atlas-repo-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm'yum install ripe-atlas-repo-1-2.el8.noarch.rpm
a hoʻopaʻa inoa i ka sensor, i kēia hihia pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i ke kī SSH, aia i loko /var/atlas-probe/etc/probe_key.pub, a hōʻike pū i ka helu ʻōnaehana autonomous a me kou kūlanakauhale. Hoʻomaopopo ka leka iā mākou i ka pono e hōʻike pololei i kahi o ka sensor.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻokele sensor i ka hiki ke kaʻana like i ka waiwai ana me nā mea hoʻohana ʻē aʻe, hoʻonohonoho i nā hoʻolaha downtime, a me nā hoʻonohonoho pūnaewele maʻamau (address, default gateway, etc.).
Na Mahuika
ʻO ka hope loa mākou e ana i nā ana. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hana ana mai kāu moʻokāki pilikino. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hopena ma laila.
ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi hana ana ʻekolu mau ʻanuʻu: ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻano ana, ke koho ʻana i kahi sensor, ke koho ʻana i kahi manawa ana.
Hiki ke ana i keia mau ano: ping, traceroute, DNS, SSL, HTTP, NTP. ʻO nā hoʻonohonoho kikoʻī no kahi ʻano ana kikoʻī, me ka ʻole o nā mea kikoʻī i kahi kaʻa a i ʻole ka pono ponoʻī, e komo pū me: ka helu kuhi, ka protocol layer network, ka helu o nā ʻeke i ke ana a me ka manawa ma waena o nā ana, ka nui o ka ʻeke a me ka manawa ma waena o nā ʻeke, ke degere o ka neʻe ʻana i loko. ka manawa hoʻomaka o ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā ʻeke.
Hiki ke koho ʻia nā sensor e ko lākou ʻike a i ʻole ka ʻāina o kahi, ʻāina, ʻōnaehana autonomous, tag, etc.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka manawa ana e ka manawa hoʻomaka a me ka manawa pau.
Loaʻa nā hopena ana ma ka pūnaewele i kāu moʻokāki pilikino, hiki ke loaʻa pū ma ka format json. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo nā hualoaʻa ana he mau hōʻailona quantitative e hōʻike ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi node a lawelawe paha.
No ka mea hoʻohana, hōʻike ʻia nā mea hiki ke ana ma kahi ākea akā palena loa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia ka hiki ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻeke o kahi hoʻonohonoho like ʻole, e wehe ana i nā manawa ākea nui no ke ana ʻana i ke kūlana o ka Pūnaewele.
Aia ma lalo kahi laʻana o nā hualoaʻa maka mai kahi ana hoʻokahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻonohonoho paʻamau. Ma nā ana e like me ka ping, traceroute a me SSL, ua koho ʻia ka IP address o habr.com e like me ka pahuhopu, ʻo DNS ka IP address o ka Google DNS server, ʻo NTP ka IP address o ka server NTP ntp1.stratum2.ru. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ana a pau i hoʻokahi sensor aia ma Vladivostok.
ping
[{"fw":4790,"lts":18,"dst_name":"178.248.237.68","af":4,"dst_addr":"178.248.237.68","src_addr":"192.168.0.10","proto":"ICMP","ttl":55,"size":48,"result":[{"rtt":122.062873},{"rtt":121.775641},{"rtt":121.807897}],"dup":0,"rcvd":3,"sent":3,"min":121.775641,"max":122.062873,"avg":121.882137,"msm_id":26273241,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594622562,"msm_name":"Ping","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"ping","group_id":26273241,"step":null,"stored_timestamp":1594622562}]Hoʻomākaukau
[{"fw":4790,"lts":19,"endtime":1594622643,"dst_name":"178.248.237.68","dst_addr":"178.248.237.68","src_addr":"192.168.0.10","proto":"ICMP","af":4,"size":48,"paris_id":1,"result":[{"hop":1,"result":[{"from":"192.168.0.1","ttl":64,"size":76,"rtt":7.49},{"from":"192.168.0.1","ttl":64,"size":76,"rtt":1.216},{"from":"192.168.0.1","ttl":64,"size":76,"rtt":1.169}]},{"hop":2,"result":[{"from":"5.100.98.1","ttl":254,"size":28,"rtt":1.719},{"from":"5.100.98.1","ttl":254,"size":28,"rtt":1.507},{"from":"5.100.98.1","ttl":254,"size":28,"rtt":1.48}]},---DATA OMITED---,{"hop":10,"result":[{"from":"178.248.237.68","ttl":55,"size":48,"rtt":121.891},{"from":"178.248.237.68","ttl":55,"size":48,"rtt":121.873},{"from":"178.248.237.68","ttl":55,"size":48,"rtt":121.923}]}],"msm_id":26273246,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594622637,"msm_name":"Traceroute","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"traceroute","group_id":26273246,"stored_timestamp":1594622649}]pākuʻina kau
[{"fw":4790,"lts":146,"dst_addr":"8.8.8.8","af":4,"src_addr":"192.168.0.10","proto":"UDP","result":{"rt":174.552,"size":42,"abuf":"5BGAgAABAAEAAAAABGhhYnIDY29tAAABAAHADAABAAEAAAcmAASy+O1E","ID":58385,"ANCOUNT":1,"QDCOUNT":1,"NSCOUNT":0,"ARCOUNT":0},"msm_id":26289620,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594747880,"msm_name":"Tdig","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"dns","group_id":26289620,"stored_timestamp":1594747883}]SSL
[{"fw":4790,"lts":63,"dst_name":"178.248.237.68","dst_port":"443","method":"TLS","ver":"1.2","dst_addr":"178.248.237.68","af":4,"src_addr":"192.168.0.10","ttc":106.920213,"rt":219.948332,"cert":["-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----nMIIGJzCCBQ+gAwIBAg ---DATA OMITED--- yd/teRCBaho1+Vn-----END CERTIFICATE-----"],"msm_id":26289611,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594747349,"msm_name":"SSLCert","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"sslcert","group_id":26289611,"stored_timestamp":1594747352}]NTP
[{"fw":4790,"lts":72,"dst_name":"88.147.254.230","dst_addr":"88.147.254.230","src_addr":"192.168.0.10","proto":"UDP","af":4,"li":"no","version":4,"mode":"server","stratum":2,"poll":8,"precision":0.0000076294,"root-delay":0.000518799,"root-dispersion":0.0203094,"ref-id":"5893fee5","ref-ts":3803732581.5476198196,"result":[{"origin-ts":3803733082.3982748985,"receive-ts":3803733082.6698465347,"transmit-ts":3803733082.6698560715,"final-ts":3803733082.5099263191,"rtt":0.111643,"offset":-0.21575},{"origin-ts":3803733082.5133042336,"receive-ts":3803733082.7847337723,"transmit-ts":3803733082.7847442627,"final-ts":3803733082.6246700287,"rtt":0.111355,"offset":-0.215752},{"origin-ts":3803733082.6279149055,"receive-ts":3803733082.899283886,"transmit-ts":3803733082.8992962837,"final-ts":3803733082.7392635345,"rtt":0.111337,"offset":-0.2157}],"msm_id":26289266,"prb_id":4428,"timestamp":1594744282,"msm_name":"Ntp","from":"5.100.99.178","type":"ntp","group_id":26289266,"stored_timestamp":1594744289}]hopena
ʻO ka pūnaewele RIPE Atlas kahi mea hana maʻalahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka loaʻa o nā mea a me nā lawelawe ma ka Pūnaewele ma kahi kokoke i ka manawa maoli.
ʻO ka ʻikepili i hana ʻia e ka RIPE Atlas network hiki ke hoʻohana i nā mea lawelawe kelepona, nā mea noiʻi, ke kaiāulu ʻenehana a me nā mea makemake i ke olakino o ka Pūnaewele a makemake e aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā ʻōnaehana pūnaewele a me nā kahe ʻikepili e kākoʻo ana i ka Pūnaewele ma ka pae honua. .
ʻAʻole wale ʻo PS RIPE Atlas i kāna ʻano, aia nā analogues, no ka laʻana .
Source: www.habr.com