ʻO wau, e like me nā mea hoʻohana ʻē aʻe MacBook Pro, ua kū i ka pilikia o ka lawa ʻole o ka hoʻomanaʻo kūloko. No ka pololei loa, ua lako ʻia ka rMBP aʻu i hoʻohana ai i kēlā me kēia lā me kahi SSD me ka mana o 256GB wale nō, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole lawa no ka manawa lōʻihi.
A i koʻu hoʻomaka ʻana e hoʻopaʻa wikiō i kaʻu mau huakaʻi, ua ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ke kūlana. ʻO ka nui o nā kiʻi ma hope o ia mau mokulele ʻo 50+ GB, a ua hoʻopiha koke kaʻu mea pōʻino 256GB SSD, e koi ana iaʻu e kūʻai i kahi kaʻa waho 1TB. Eia naʻe, ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻomau i ka nui o ka ʻikepili aʻu e hana nei, ʻaʻole e haʻi i ka nele o ka redundancy a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i kūpono ʻole no ka hoʻokipa ʻana i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi.
No laila, i kekahi manawa, ua hoʻoholo wau e kūkulu i kahi NAS mana nui me ka manaʻolana e mau kēia ʻōnaehana ma kahi o ʻelua mau makahiki me ka ʻole o ka hoʻonui hou ʻana.
Ua kākau mua wau i kēia ʻatikala i mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai i ka mea a me kaʻu i hana ai inā pono wau e hana hou. Manaʻo wau e pono ia iā ʻoe inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e hana like.
He maʻalahi paha ke kūʻai?
No laila, ʻike mākou i ka mea a mākou e makemake ai e loaʻa, e mau ana ka nīnau pehea?
Ua nānā mua au i nā hoʻonā pāʻoihana a nānā pono iā Synology, i manaʻo ʻia e hāʻawi i nā ʻōnaehana NAS mea kūʻai maikaʻi loa ma ka mākeke. Eia naʻe, ua kiʻekiʻe loa ke kumukūʻai o kēia lawelawe. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana 4-bay liʻiliʻi loa he $300+ a ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo i nā pahu paʻakikī. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana o ia kit, kahi e nīnau ai i kāna hana maoli.
A laila, manaʻo wau: no ke aha e kūkulu ʻole ai i kahi kikowaena NAS iā ʻoe iho?
Ke ʻimi nei i ke kikowaena kūpono
Inā ʻoe e kūkulu i kahi kikowaena, a laila pono ʻoe e ʻimi i ka lako pono. Pono kahi kikowaena i hoʻohana ʻia no kēia kūkulu ʻana, no ka mea ʻaʻole pono mākou i ka hana nui no nā hana mālama. Ma waena o nā mea e pono ai, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo i ka nui o ka RAM, nā mea hoʻohui SATA a me nā kāleka pūnaewele maikaʻi. No ka mea e hana ana ka'u kikowaena ma ko'u wahi noho mau, he mea nui no hoi ka leo.
Ua hoʻomaka wau i kaʻu ʻimi ma eBay. ʻOiai ua loaʻa iaʻu he nui nā Dell PowerEdge R410/R210s i hoʻohana ʻia ma lalo o $100 ma laila, ua hana wau i loko o kahi lumi kikowaena, ua ʻike wau he walaʻau loa kēia mau ʻāpana 1U a ʻaʻole kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole nui ka walaʻau ʻana o nā kikowaena hale kiaʻi, akā, ʻo ka mea pōʻino, he kakaikahi o lākou i helu ʻia ma eBay, a he kumukūʻai lākou a pau ʻole.
ʻO kahi aʻe e nānā ai ʻo Craiglist, kahi i loaʻa ai iaʻu kahi kanaka e kūʻai aku ana i HP ProLiant N40L i hoʻohana ʻia no $75 wale nō! Ua kamaʻāina wau i kēia mau kikowaena, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau ma kahi o $300 i hoʻohana ʻia, no laila ua leka uila au i ka mea kūʻai aku me ka manaʻo e piʻi mau ana ka papa inoa. Ma hope o koʻu aʻo ʻana ʻo ia ka hihia, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole ʻelua, hele wau i San Mateo e kiʻi i kēia kikowaena, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻoluʻolu loa iaʻu. He liʻiliʻi kona ʻaʻahu a, ma waho aʻe o kahi lepo lepo, maikaʻi nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Kiʻi o ke kikowaena, ma hope koke o ke kūʻai ʻana
A eia ka kikoʻī o ka pahu aʻu i kūʻai ai:
- CPU: AMD Turion(tm) II Neo N40L Kaʻina Hana ʻElua (64-bit)
- hipa kāne: 8 GB non-ECC RAM (hoʻokomo ʻia e ka mea nona mua)
- Flash: 4GB USB Drive
- Nā mea hoʻohui SATA:4+1
- NIC: 1 Gbps ma ka papa NIC
ʻAʻole pono e ʻōlelo, ʻoiai he mau makahiki he nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka kikoʻī o kēia kikowaena i ka hapa nui o nā koho NAS ma ka mākeke, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka RAM. Ma hope iki aku, ua hoʻonui au i ka 16 GB ECC me ka nui o ka wahi buffer a me ka pale ʻikepili ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Ke koho ʻana i nā pahu paʻakikī
I kēia manawa, loaʻa iā mākou kahi ʻōnaehana hana maikaʻi loa a ke hoʻomau nei ke koho ʻana i nā paʻakikī paʻakikī no ia. ʻIke loa, no kēlā $ 75 i loaʻa iaʻu ka server ponoʻī me ka ʻole o ka HDD, ʻaʻole ia i kāhāhā iaʻu.
Ma hope o ka hana ʻana i kahi noiʻi, ʻike wau ua kūpono nā drive 24/7 NAS no WD Red HDDs. No ke kūʻai ʻana iā lākou, huli au i Amazon, kahi aʻu i kūʻai ai i 4 kope o 3 TB i kēlā me kēia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i kahi HDD makemake, akā e hōʻoia i ka nui like a me ka wikiwiki. E kōkua kēia iā ʻoe e pale i nā pilikia hana RAID i ka wā lōʻihi.
Hoʻonohonoho Pūnaewele
Manaʻo wau he nui ka poʻe e hoʻohana i ka ʻōnaehana no kā lākou kūkulu NAS. , a ʻaʻohe hewa o kēlā. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ka hiki ke hoʻokomo i kēia ʻōnaehana ma kaʻu kikowaena, makemake wau e hoʻohana i ka CentOS, ʻoiai ua hoʻomākaukau mua ʻia ka ZFS ma Linux no kahi ʻenehana hana, a ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻoi aku koʻu kamaʻāina i ka mālama ʻana i kahi kikowaena Linux. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻaʻole wau i hoihoi i ka interface nani a me nā hiʻohiʻona i hāʻawi ʻia ʻo FreeNAS - Ua ʻoluʻolu wau i ka RAIDZ array a me AFP kaʻana like.
He mea maʻalahi ka hoʻokomo ʻana iā CentOS ma USB - e kuhikuhi wale i ka USB ma ke ʻano he kumu boot, a ke hoʻomaka ʻoe e alakaʻi ka wizard hoʻonohonoho iā ʻoe i nā ala āpau.
Hui RAID
Ma hope o ka hoʻokomo pono ʻana iā CentOS, ua hoʻokomo pū wau iā ZFS ma Linux ma ka hahai ʻana i ka papa inoa .
Me kēia kaʻina hana, ua hoʻouka au i ka module ZFS Kernel:
$ sudo modprobe zfs
A hana i ka RAIDZ1 array me ke kauoha zpool:
$ sudo zpool create data raidz1 ata-WDC_WD30EFRX-68AX9N0_WD-WMC1T0609145 ata-WDC_WD30EFRX-68AX9N0_WD-WMC1T0609146 ata-WDC_WD30EFRX-68AX9N0_WD-WMC1T0609147 ata-WDC_WD30EFRX-68AX9N0_WD-WMC1T0609148
$ sudo zpool add data log ata-SanDisk_Ultra_II_240GB_174204A06001-part5
$ sudo zpool add data cache ata-SanDisk_Ultra_II_240GB_174204A06001-part6
E ʻoluʻolu, eia wau e hoʻohana nei i nā ID o nā paʻakikī paʻakikī ma mua o ko lākou mau inoa hōʻike (sdx) e hōʻemi i ka hiki ʻole o lākou e kau ma hope o ka boot ma muli o kahi hoʻololi leka.
Ua hoʻohui pū wau iā ZIL a me L2ARC cache e holo ana ma kahi SSD ʻokoʻa, e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia SSD i ʻelua ʻāpana: 5GB no ZIL a me ke koena no L2ARC.
ʻO RAIDZ1, hiki iā ia ke pale i ka hemahema o ka disk. He nui ka poʻe e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia kēia koho pooling ma muli o ka hiki ʻole o ka lua o ka disk i ka wā o ke kūkulu hou ʻana o RAID, kahi i piha i ka nalowale o ka ʻikepili. Ua haʻalele wau i kēia ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo, no ka mea, kākoʻo mau wau i nā ʻikepili koʻikoʻi ma kahi mea mamao, a ʻo ka hiki ʻole o ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa ke hoʻopilikia wale i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻikepili, akā ʻaʻole ko lākou palekana. Inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā backup, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻonā e like me RAIDZ1 a i ʻole RAID2.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia ua hana maikaʻi ʻia ka loko ma ka holo ʻana:
$ sudo zpool statusи
$ sudo zfs list
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
data 510G 7.16T 140K /mnt/data
Ma ka maʻamau, kau pololei ʻo ZFS i ka wai hou i hana ʻia /he mea makemake ole ia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i kēia ma ka hana ʻana:
zfs set mountpoint=/mnt/data dataMai ʻaneʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke koho e hana i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha ka ʻikepili e mālama i kāu ʻikepili. Ua hana au i ʻelua, hoʻokahi no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka Time Machine a hoʻokahi no ka waihona waihona waihona. Ua kaupalena au i ka nui o ka ʻikepili Time Machine i kahi quota o 512 GB e pale aku ai i ka ulu mau ʻana.
Hoʻomaikaʻi
zfs set compression=on dataHāʻawi kēia kauoha i ke kākoʻo kōmike ZFS. Hoʻohana ka hoʻoemi i ka mana CPU liʻiliʻi, akā hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka throughput I/O, no laila e ʻōlelo mau ʻia.
zfs set relatime=on data
Me kēia kauoha, hoʻemi mākou i ka helu o nā mea hou i atimee hōʻemi i ka hanauna IOPS ke komo i nā faila.
Ma ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻo ZFS ma Linux i ka 50% o ka hoʻomanaʻo kino no ARC. I koʻu hihia, inā liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā faila, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia kēia nui i ka 90%, no ka mea ʻaʻole e holo nā noi ʻē aʻe ma ke kikowaena.
$ cat /etc/modprobe.d/zfs.conf
options zfs zfs_arc_max=14378074112A laila me ke kōkua Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia ua paʻa nā hoʻololi:
$ python arc_summary.py
...
ARC Size: 100.05% 11.55 GiB
Target Size: (Adaptive) 100.00% 11.54 GiB
Min Size (Hard Limit): 0.27% 32.00 MiB
Max Size (High Water): 369:1 11.54 GiB
...Hoʻonohonoho i nā hana hou
Ua hoʻohana au e hoʻonohonoho i nā timers systemd e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule, a e hana ʻakomi i nā paʻi kiʻi i kēlā me kēia 15 minuke, 1 hola a me 1 lā.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Netatalk
he hoʻokō open source o AFP (). Ke hahai nei S, loaʻa iaʻu ka pūʻolo RPM i kūkulu ʻia a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ʻelua mau minuke.
Hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho
$ cat /etc/netatalk/afp.conf
[datong@Titan ~]$ cat /etc/netatalk/afp.conf
;
; Netatalk 3.x configuration file
;
[Global]
; Global server settings
mimic model = TimeCapsule6,106
; [Homes]
; basedir regex = /home
; [My AFP Volume]
; path = /path/to/volume
; [My Time Machine Volume]
; path = /path/to/backup
; time machine = yes
[Datong's Files]
path = /mnt/data/datong
valid users = datong
[Datong's Time Machine Backups]
path = /mnt/data/datong_time_machine_backups
time machine = yes
valid users = datong
kahakaha i vol dbnest ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻana i kaʻu hihia, e like me ka mea maʻamau, kākau ʻo Netatalk i ka waihona CNID i ke kumu o ka ʻōnaehana faila, ʻaʻole i makemake ʻia ʻoiai ʻo kaʻu ʻōnaehana faila nui ma USB, a no laila ua lohi. Huli like vol dbnest ke alakaʻi nei i ka mālama ʻana i ka waihona ma ke kumu Volume, i kēia hihia no ka ZFS pool a ua ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka nui.
E ho'ā ana i nā awa ma ka pā ahi
$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=mdns
$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=afpovertcp/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone = lehulehu --add-port=afpovertcp/tcp
Inā hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā mea a pau, a laila e hōʻike ʻia kāu mīkini i ka Finder, a pono pū ka Time Machine.
Nā hoʻonohonoho hou
Nānā SMART
Manaʻo ʻia e nānā i ke kūlana o kāu mau disks i mea e pale ʻole ai iā lākou.
$ sudo yum install smartmontools
$ sudo systemctl start smartdDaemon no UPS
Mālama i ka hoʻopiʻi o ka APC UPS a pani i ka ʻōnaehana ke emi loa ka uku.
$ sudo yum install epel-release
$ sudo yum install apcupsd
$ sudo systemctl enable apcupsdHoʻonui paʻa
I hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana, hoʻomaka wau e hopohopo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻomanaʻo non-ECC i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka kikowaena. Eia kekahi, i ka hihia o ZFS, e hoʻohana nui ʻia ka hoʻomanaʻo hou no ka buffering. No laila ua huli hou au i Amazon, kahi aʻu i kūʻai ai iā 2x Kingston DDR3 8GB ECC RAM no $80 i kēlā me kēia a ua hoʻololi i ka pākaukau RAM i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka mea nona mua. Hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana i ka manawa mua me ka pilikia ʻole, a ua hōʻoia wau ua hoʻāla ʻia ke kākoʻo ECC:
$ dmesg | grep ECC
[ 10.492367] EDAC amd64: DRAM ECC enabled.hopena
Ua hauʻoli loa wau i ka hopena. I kēia manawa hiki iaʻu ke hoʻouka mau i ka pilina 1Gbps LAN o ke kikowaena ma ke kope ʻana i nā faila, a hana hewa ʻole ka Time Machine. No laila, ma ka laulā, hauʻoli wau i ka hoʻonohonoho.
Ka huina kālā:
- 1 * HP ProLiant N40L = $75
- 2 * 8 GB ECC RAM = $174
- 4*WD ʻulaʻula 3TB HDD = $440
Hōʻuluʻulu = $ 689
I kēia manawa hiki iaʻu ke ʻōlelo ua kūpono ke kumukūʻai.
Hana ʻoe i kāu mau kikowaena NAS ponoʻī?
Source: www.habr.com