ʻO ka hōʻoia maʻamau ka hōʻoia ʻana o kahi papahana a i ʻole algorithm e hoʻohana ana i kekahi.
ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ala ikaika loa e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā nāwaliwali āpau i kahi papahana a hōʻoia paha ʻaʻole lākou.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi wehewehe kikoʻī o ka hōʻoia kūhelu ma ka laʻana o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pilikia o ma kaʻu ʻatikala mua.
Ma kēia ʻatikala e neʻe au mai ka hōʻoia ʻokoʻa o nā pilikia i nā papahana a wehewehe pehea
pehea e hiki ai ke hoʻololi ʻia i mau ʻōnaehana kānāwai maʻamau.
No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua kākau wau i kaʻu analogue ponoʻī o kahi mīkini virtual, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā loina hōʻailona.
Hoʻokaʻawale ia i ka code program a unuhi i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻohālikelike (SMT), hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ma ka papahana.
No ka mea, hōʻike ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i nā helu hōʻailona ma ka Pūnaewele ma kahi ʻāpana,
E wehewehe pōkole au i ia mea.
ʻO ka helu hōʻailona kahi ala e hoʻokō ai i kahi papahana ma kahi ākea o ka ʻikepili a ʻo ia ka mea hana nui no ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka papahana.
No ka laʻana, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻonohonoho i nā kūlana hoʻokomo kahi e hiki ai i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa mua ke lawe i nā waiwai maikaʻi, ʻo ka lua ʻino, ke kolu ʻole, a me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa hoʻopuka, no ka laʻana, 42.
ʻO nā helu hōʻailona ma ka holo hoʻokahi e hāʻawi iā mākou i ka pane inā hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa ka hopena i makemake ʻia a me kahi laʻana o kahi hoʻonohonoho o ia mau ʻāpana hoʻokomo. A i ʻole ka hōʻoia ʻana ʻaʻohe mau ʻāpana like.
Eia kekahi, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻonohonoho i nā manaʻo hoʻokomo i nā mea hiki, a koho wale i nā mea hoʻopuka, no ka laʻana, ka ʻōlelo huna luna.
I kēia hihia, e ʻike mākou i nā nāwaliwali a pau o ka papahana a i ʻole e loaʻa ka hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka ʻōlelo huna a ka luna.
Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻokō maʻamau o kahi papahana me ka ʻikepili hoʻokomo kikoʻī he hihia kūikawā o ka hoʻokō hōʻailona.
No laila, hiki i koʻu ʻano VM ke hana ma ke ʻano emulation o kahi mīkini virtual maʻamau.
Ma nā ʻōlelo i ka ʻatikala ma mua hiki ke loaʻa i ka hoʻohewa kūpono o ka hōʻoia maʻamau me ke kūkākūkā o kona mau nāwaliwali.
ʻO nā pilikia nui:
- Pahū huipuʻu, ʻoiai ʻo ka hōʻoia maʻamau e iho mai i ka P=NP
- ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā kelepona i ka ʻōnaehana faila, nā pūnaewele a me nā waihona waho ʻē aʻe
- Bugs i loko o ka kikoʻī, i ka mea kūʻai a programmer manaʻo hoʻokahi mea, akā, ʻaʻole i wehewehe pono ia i loko o ka ʻenehana kikoʻī.
ʻO ka hopena, e hōʻoia ʻia ka papahana a hoʻokō i nā kikoʻī, akā e hana i kahi mea ʻokoʻa loa mai ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e nā mea hana.
No ka mea ma kēia ʻatikala ke noʻonoʻo nui nei au i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hōʻoia maʻamau i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ʻaʻole wau e kuʻi i koʻu poʻo i ka pā i kēia manawa, a e koho i kahi ʻōnaehana kahi liʻiliʻi o ka paʻakikī algorithmic a me ka helu o nā kelepona waho.
No ka mea ua kūpono nā ʻaelike akamai i kēia mau koi, ua hāʻule ka koho i nā ʻaelike RIDE mai ka platform Waves: ʻaʻole lākou Turing piha, a ua kaupalena ʻia ko lākou paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe.
Akā e noʻonoʻo mākou iā lākou mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻenehana.
Ma waho aʻe o nā mea a pau, e koi nui ʻia ka hōʻoia maʻamau no nā ʻaelike: ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono i kahi hewa ʻaelike ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana.
A hiki ke kiʻekiʻe loa ke kumukūʻai o ia mau hewa, no ka mea, mālama pinepine ʻia nā kālā nui ma nā ʻaelike akamai.
Ua kākau ʻia kaʻu mīkini virtual hōʻailona ma PHP a me Python, a hoʻohana iā Z3Prover mai Microsoft Research e hoʻoponopono i nā kumu SMT hopena.
Ma kāna kumu he hulina multi-transactional ikaika, ʻo ia
hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i nā hoʻonā a i ʻole nā nāwaliwali, ʻoiai inā makemake ia i nā kālepa he nui.
Naau , ʻO kekahi o nā papa hana hōʻailona ikaika loa no ka ʻike ʻana i nā nāwaliwali o Ethereum, ua hoʻohui wale i kēia hiki i kekahi mau mahina i hala.
Akā he mea pono e hoʻomaopopo he ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā ʻaelike ether a ua hoʻopau ʻo Turing.
Ua unuhi ʻo PHP i ka code kumu o ka RIDE smart contract i loko o kahi palapala python, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai ka papahana ma ke ʻano he Z3 SMT-kūpono ʻōnaehana o nā mokuʻāina a me nā kūlana no kā lākou hoʻololi.
I kēia manawa e wehewehe au i nā mea e hana nei i loko i nā kikoʻī hou aku.
Akā ʻo ka mea mua, he mau huaʻōlelo e pili ana i ka ʻōlelo aelike akamai RIDE.
He ʻōlelo hoʻolālā hana a me ka hōʻike ʻana i palaualelo ma ka hoʻolālā ʻana.
Holo kaʻawale ʻo RIDE i loko o ka blockchain a hiki ke kiʻi a kākau i ka ʻike mai kahi waihona i hoʻopili ʻia i ka ʻeke kālā o ka mea hoʻohana.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopili i kahi ʻaelike RIDE i kēlā me kēia ʻeke, a ʻo ka hopena o ka hoʻokō ʻana he TRUE a FALSE wale nō.
ʻO TRUE ʻo ia ka ʻae ʻana o ka ʻaelike akamai i ke kālepa, a ʻo FALSE ʻo ia ka pāpā ʻana.
ʻO kahi laʻana maʻalahi: hiki i kahi palapala ke pāpā i ka hoʻololi ʻana inā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke koena o ka ʻeke ma mua o 100.
Ma keʻano he laʻana, e lawe wau i ka Wolf, Goat, a me Cabbage, akā ua hōʻike mua ʻia ma ke ʻano o kahi ʻaelike akamai.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka mea hoʻohana ke hoʻokuʻu i ke kālā mai ka ʻeke kālā kahi i kau ʻia ai ka ʻaelike a hiki i kona hoʻouna ʻana i nā mea āpau i kēlā ʻaoʻao.
#Извлекаем положение всех объектов из блокчейна
let contract = tx.sender
let human= extract(getInteger(contract,"human"))
let wolf= extract(getInteger(contract,"wolf"))
let goat= extract(getInteger(contract,"goat"))
let cabbage= extract(getInteger(contract,"cabbage"))
#Это так называемая дата-транзакция, в которой пользователь присылает новые 4 переменные.
#Контракт разрешит её только в случае если все объекты останутся в сохранности.
match tx {
case t:DataTransaction =>
#Извлекаем будущее положение всех объектов из транзакции
let newHuman= extract(getInteger(t.data,"human"))
let newWolf= extract(getInteger(t.data,"wolf"))
let newGoat= extract(getInteger(t.data,"goat"))
let newCabbage= extract(getInteger(t.data,"cabbage"))
#0 обозначает, что объект на левом берегу, а 1 что на правом
let humanSide= human == 0 || human == 1
let wolfSide= wolf == 0 || wolf == 1
let goatSide= goat == 0 || goat == 1
let cabbageSide= cabbage == 0 || cabbage == 1
let side= humanSide && wolfSide && goatSide && cabbageSide
#Будут разрешены только те транзакции, где с козой никого нет в отсутствии фермера.
let safeAlone= newGoat != newWolf && newGoat != newCabbage
let safe= safeAlone || newGoat == newHuman
let humanTravel= human != newHuman
#Способы путешествия фермера туда и обратно, с кем-то либо в одиночку.
let t1= humanTravel && newWolf == wolf + 1 && newGoat == goat && newCabbage == cabbage
let t2= humanTravel && newWolf == wolf && newGoat == goat + 1 && newCabbage == cabbage
let t3= humanTravel && newWolf == wolf && newGoat == goat && newCabbage == cabbage + 1
let t4= humanTravel && newWolf == wolf - 1 && newGoat == goat && newCabbage == cabbage
let t5= humanTravel && newWolf == wolf && newGoat == goat - 1 && newCabbage == cabbage
let t6= humanTravel && newWolf == wolf && newGoat == goat && newCabbage == cabbage - 1
let t7= humanTravel && newWolf == wolf && newGoat == goat && newCabbage == cabbage
let objectTravel = t1 || t2 || t3 || t4 || t5 || t6 || t7
#Последняя строка в разделе транзакции описывает разрешающее транзакцию условие.
#Переменные транзакции должны иметь значения 1 или 0, все объекты должны
#быть в безопасности, а фермер должен переплывать реку в одиночку
#или с кем-то на каждом шагу
side && safe && humanTravel && objectTravel
case s:TransferTransaction =>
#Транзакция вывода средств разрешена только в случае если все переплыли на другой берег
human == 1 && wolf == 1 && goat == 1 && cabbage == 1
#Все прочие типы транзакций запрещены
case _ => false
}
Hoʻokaʻawale mua ʻo PHP i nā ʻano like ʻole mai ka ʻaelike akamai ma ke ʻano o kā lākou mau kī a me ka hoʻololi ʻōlelo Boolean e pili ana.
cabbage: extract ( getInteger ( contract , "cabbage" ) )
goat: extract ( getInteger ( contract , "goat" ) )
human: extract ( getInteger ( contract , "human" ) )
wolf: extract ( getInteger ( contract , "wolf" ) )
fState: human== 1 && wolf== 1 && goat== 1 && cabbage== 1
fState:
wolf:
goat:
cabbage:
cabbageSide: cabbage== 0 || cabbage== 1
human: extract ( getInteger ( contract , "human" ) )
newGoat: extract ( getInteger ( t.data , "goat" ) )
newHuman: extract ( getInteger ( t.data , "human" ) )
goatSide: goat== 0 || goat== 1
humanSide: human== 0 || human== 1
t7: humanTravel && newWolf== wolf && newGoat== goat && newCabbage== cabbage
t3: humanTravel && newWolf== wolf && newGoat== goat && newCabbage== cabbage + 1
t6: humanTravel && newWolf== wolf && newGoat== goat && newCabbage== cabbage - 1
t2: humanTravel && newWolf== wolf && newGoat== goat + 1 && newCabbage== cabbage
t5: humanTravel && newWolf== wolf && newGoat== goat - 1 && newCabbage== cabbage
t1: humanTravel && newWolf== wolf + 1 && newGoat== goat && newCabbage== cabbage
t4: humanTravel && newWolf== wolf - 1 && newGoat== goat && newCabbage== cabbage
safeAlone: newGoat != newWolf && newGoat != newCabbage
wolfSide: wolf== 0 || wolf== 1
humanTravel: human != newHuman
side: humanSide && wolfSide && goatSide && cabbageSide
safe: safeAlone || newGoat== newHuman
objectTravel: t1 || t2 || t3 || t4 || t5 || t6 || t7
A laila hoʻololi ʻo PHP iā lākou i kahi wehewehe ʻōnaehana Z3Prover SMT-kūpono ma Python.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻikepili i loko o kahi loop, kahi e loaʻa ai i nā mea hoʻololi waihona i ka index i, nā mea hoʻololi kālepa index i + 1, a me nā mea hoʻololi me nā hōʻike e hoʻonohonoho i nā lula no ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka mokuʻāina ma mua a i kahi aʻe.
ʻO kēia ka puʻuwai o kā mākou mīkini uila, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ʻenekini hulina multi-transactional.
fState: And( And( And( human[Steps] == 1 , wolf[Steps] == 1 ) , goat[Steps] == 1 ) , cabbage[Steps] == 1 )
final: fState[Steps]
fState:
wolf:
goat:
cabbage:
cabbageSide: Or( cabbage[i] == 0 , cabbage[i] == 1 )
goatSide: Or( goat[i] == 0 , goat[i] == 1 )
humanSide: Or( human[i] == 0 , human[i] == 1 )
t7: And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage == cabbage[i] )
t3: And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage == cabbage[i] + 1 )
t6: And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage == cabbage[i] - 1 )
t2: And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] + 1 ) , cabbage == cabbage[i] )
t5: And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] - 1 ) , cabbage == cabbage[i] )
t1: And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf == wolf[i] + 1 ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage == cabbage[i] )
t4: And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf == wolf[i] - 1 ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage == cabbage[i] )
safeAlone: And( goat[i+1] != wolf , goat[i+1] != cabbage )
wolfSide: Or( wolf[i] == 0 , wolf[i] == 1 )
humanTravel: human[i] != human[i+1]
side: And( And( And( humanSide[i] , wolfSide[i] ) , goatSide[i] ) , cabbageSide[i] )
safe: Or( safeAlone[i] , goat[i+1] == human[i+1] )
objectTravel: Or( Or( Or( Or( Or( Or( t1[i] , t2[i] ) , t3[i] ) , t4[i] ) , t5[i] ) , t6[i] ) , t7[i] )
data: And( And( And( side[i] , safe[i] ) , humanTravel[i] ) , objectTravel[i] )
Hoʻopili ʻia nā kūlana a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona i hoʻolālā ʻia e wehewehe i ka ʻōnaehana SMT ma Python.
Lakoʻo hakahaka
import json
from z3 import *
s = Solver()
Steps=7
Num= Steps+1
$code$
#template, only start rest
s.add(data + start)
#template
s.add(final)
ind = 0
f = open("/var/www/html/all/bin/python/log.txt", "a")
while s.check() == sat:
ind = ind +1
print ind
m = s.model()
print m
print "traversing model..."
#for d in m.decls():
#print "%s = %s" % (d.name(), m[d])
f.write(str(m))
f.write("nn")
exit()
#s.add(Or(goat[0] != s.model()[data[0]] )) # prevent next model from using the same assignment as a previous model
print "Total solution number: "
print ind
f.close()
No ka moku'āina hope loa i ke kaulahao holoʻokoʻa, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā lula i kuhikuhi ʻia ma ka ʻāpana kālepa hoʻoili.
ʻO ia ke ʻano e ʻimi ʻo Z3Prover i nā ʻano o nā kūlana e hiki ai ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kālā mai ka ʻaelike.
ʻO ka hopena, loaʻa iā mākou kahi hiʻohiʻona SMT holoʻokoʻa o kā mākou ʻaelike.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike ua like loa ia me ke kumu hoʻohālike mai kaʻu ʻatikala mua, aʻu i hōʻuluʻulu lima ai.
Hoʻopiha ʻia ka laʻana
import json
from z3 import *
s = Solver()
Steps=7
Num= Steps+1
human = [ Int('human_%i' % (i + 1)) for i in range(Num) ]
wolf = [ Int('wolf_%i' % (i + 1)) for i in range(Num) ]
goat = [ Int('goat_%i' % (i + 1)) for i in range(Num) ]
cabbage = [ Int('cabbage_%i' % (i + 1)) for i in range(Num) ]
nothing= [ And( human[i] == human[i+1], wolf[i] == wolf[i+1], goat[i] == goat[i+1], cabbage[i] == cabbage[i+1] ) for i in range(Num-1) ]
start= [ human[0] == 1, wolf[0] == 0, goat[0] == 1, cabbage[0] == 0 ]
safeAlone= [ And( goat[i+1] != wolf[i+1] , goat[i+1] != cabbage[i+1] ) for i in range(Num-1) ]
safe= [ Or( safeAlone[i] , goat[i+1] == human[i+1] ) for i in range(Num-1) ]
humanTravel= [ human[i] != human[i+1] for i in range(Num-1) ]
cabbageSide= [ Or( cabbage[i] == 0 , cabbage[i] == 1 ) for i in range(Num-1) ]
goatSide= [ Or( goat[i] == 0 , goat[i] == 1 ) for i in range(Num-1) ]
humanSide= [ Or( human[i] == 0 , human[i] == 1 ) for i in range(Num-1) ]
t7= [ And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf[i+1] == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage[i+1] == cabbage[i] ) for i in range(Num-1) ]
t3= [ And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf[i+1] == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage[i+1] == cabbage[i] + 1 ) for i in range(Num-1) ]
t6= [ And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf[i+1] == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage[i+1] == cabbage[i] - 1 ) for i in range(Num-1) ]
t2= [ And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf[i+1] == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] + 1 ) , cabbage[i+1] == cabbage[i] ) for i in range(Num-1) ]
t5= [ And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf[i+1] == wolf[i] ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] - 1 ) , cabbage[i+1] == cabbage[i] ) for i in range(Num-1) ]
t1= [ And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf[i+1] == wolf[i] + 1 ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage[i+1] == cabbage[i] ) for i in range(Num-1) ]
t4= [ And( And( And( humanTravel[i] , wolf[i+1] == wolf[i] - 1 ) , goat[i+1] == goat[i] ) , cabbage[i+1] == cabbage[i] ) for i in range(Num-1) ]
wolfSide= [ Or( wolf[i] == 0 , wolf[i] == 1 ) for i in range(Num-1) ]
side= [ And( And( And( humanSide[i] , wolfSide[i] ) , goatSide[i] ) , cabbageSide[i] ) for i in range(Num-1) ]
objectTravel= [ Or( Or( Or( Or( Or( Or( t1[i] , t2[i] ) , t3[i] ) , t4[i] ) , t5[i] ) , t6[i] ) , t7[i] ) for i in range(Num-1) ]
data= [ Or( And( And( And( side[i] , safe[i] ) , humanTravel[i] ) , objectTravel[i] ) , nothing[i]) for i in range(Num-1) ]
fState= And( And( And( human[Steps] == 1 , wolf[Steps] == 1 ) , goat[Steps] == 1 ) , cabbage[Steps] == 1 )
final= fState
#template, only start rest
s.add(data + start)
#template
s.add(final)
ind = 0
f = open("/var/www/html/all/bin/python/log.txt", "a")
while s.check() == sat:
ind = ind +1
print ind
m = s.model()
print m
print "traversing model..."
#for d in m.decls():
#print "%s = %s" % (d.name(), m[d])
f.write(str(m))
f.write("nn")
exit()
#s.add(Or(goat[0] != s.model()[data[0]] )) # prevent next model from using the same assignment as a previous model
print "Total solution number: "
print ind
f.close()
Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana, hoʻoponopono ʻo Z3Prover i ka ʻaelike akamai a hāʻawi iā mākou i kahi kaulahao o nā kālepa e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻihoʻi i ke kālā:
Winning transaction chain found:
Data transaction: human= 0, wolf= 0, goat= 1, cabbage= 0
Data transaction: human= 1, wolf= 0, goat= 1, cabbage= 1
Data transaction: human= 0, wolf= 0, goat= 0, cabbage= 1
Data transaction: human= 1, wolf= 1, goat= 0, cabbage= 1
Data transaction: human= 0, wolf= 1, goat= 0, cabbage= 1
Data transaction: human= 1, wolf= 1, goat= 1, cabbage= 1
Data transaction: human= 1, wolf= 1, goat= 1, cabbage= 1
Transfer transaction
Ma kahi o ka ʻaelike ferry, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokolohua me kāu mau ʻaelike ponoʻī a hoʻāʻo paha i kēia hiʻohiʻona maʻalahi, i hoʻoholo ʻia i 2 mau hana.
let contract = tx.sender
let a= extract(getInteger(contract,"a"))
let b= extract(getInteger(contract,"b"))
let c= extract(getInteger(contract,"c"))
let d= extract(getInteger(contract,"d"))
match tx {
case t:DataTransaction =>
let na= extract(getInteger(t.data,"a"))
let nb= extract(getInteger(t.data,"b"))
let nc= extract(getInteger(t.data,"c"))
let nd= extract(getInteger(t.data,"d"))
nd == 0 || a == 100 - 5
case s:TransferTransaction =>
( a + b - c ) * d == 12
case _ => true
}
No ka mea ʻo kēia ka mana mua loa, ua kaupalena ʻia ka syntax a aia paha nā pōpoki.
Ma nā ʻatikala aʻe, hoʻolālā wau e uhi i ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o ka VM, a hōʻike i ke ʻano e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hana i nā ʻaelike akamai i hōʻoia ʻia me kāna kōkua, ʻaʻole hoʻoponopono wale iā lākou.
Loaʻa ka mīkini virtual character ma
Ma hope o ke kau ʻana i ke code kumu o ka VM hōʻailona i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā manaʻo ma laila, manaʻo wau e kau iā ia ma GitHub no ke komo manuahi.
Source: www.habr.com