I kēia lā wikiō aʻo ma ka Distance Vector a me Link State routing protocols prefaces kekahi o ka mea nui kumuhana o ka CCNA papa - OSPF a me EIGRP routing protocols. E lawe ana kēia kumuhana i 4 a i ʻole 6 mau aʻo wikiō e hiki mai ana. No laila, i kēia lā e kamaʻilio pōkole wau e pili ana i kekahi mau manaʻo e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e aʻo e pili ana i ka OSPF a me EIGRP.
Ma ka haʻawina hope loa, ua nānā mākou i ka pauku 2.1 o ke kumuhana ICND2, a i kēia lā e aʻo mākou i nā ʻāpana 2.2 "Nā like a me nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā protocols vector distance Distance Vector (DV) a me Link State (LS) protocol channel channel" a me 2.3 "Similarities and differences. ma waena o nā protocol routing kūloko a me waho ".
E like me kaʻu i ʻōlelo ai, ma nā wikiō aʻe 4 a i ʻole 6 e uhi mākou i nā kumuhana nui o ka papa holoʻokoʻa - OSPFv2 no IPv4, OSPFv3 no IPv6, EIGRP no IPv4 a me EIGRP no IPv6. Nīnau pinepine nā haumāna iaʻu i ke ʻano o ka protocol Routing a pehea ka ʻokoʻa mai ka protocol Routed/Routable.
ʻO ka protocol routing i hoʻohana ʻia e ke alalai, e like me RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka protocol routing kahi ala e kamaʻilio ai nā mea hoʻokele me kekahi i kahi e hoʻololi ai lākou i ka ʻike e pili ana i kahi pūnaewele a hoʻopiha i kā lākou papa kuhikuhi me kēlā ʻike. Ma muli o kēia mau papa, hoʻoholo lākou i ke ala ala.
Ma hope o ka "kamaʻilio" ʻana o nā mea ala i kekahi i kekahi a hoʻopiha i nā papa routing, ua hana lākou i kēia me ke kōkua o kahi protocol routing, hoʻoholo lākou e pili ana i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā kaʻa i nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻo ia i kahi protocol routable e hiki ai i nā mea hoʻokele ke hele i mua a i ʻole ke ala ʻana i nā kaʻa. Aia kēia mau protocol i IPv4 a me IPv6.
No laila, ʻo ka protocol routing e hōʻoia i ka piha ʻana o nā papa kuhikuhi i ka ʻike, a ʻo ka protocol routable e hōʻoia i ka holo ʻana o ke kaʻa e like me ka ʻike ma kēia mau papa. Mahalo iā IPv4 a i ʻole IPv6, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻikepili i hoʻouna ʻia a hāʻawi ʻia me nā poʻomanaʻo IP, e like me ka inoa o kēia mau protocol ponoʻī, IP, e hōʻike.
ʻO ka nīnau aʻe e pili ana i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka Interior Gateway Protocol a me Exterior Gateway Protocol. Mai hoʻopunipuni ka huaʻōlelo "puka" iā ʻoe. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ala i kahi ʻōnaehana autonomous. Manaʻo ʻoe he 50 mau mea ala i kāu hui e hoʻohana ana i kekahi protocol IP āu e makemake ai. Hoʻokumu lākou a pau i kahi ʻōnaehana autonomous, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻohana ʻia a mālama ʻia e hoʻokahi hui, hoʻokahi hui.
No laila, ua kapa ʻia nā protocols i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻolako i ke ala i loko o ia ʻōnaehana autonomous he protocols gateway internal, a ua kapa ʻia nā protocols no ka hoʻokele ʻana ma waho o ka ʻōnaehana. Hāʻawi ka External Gateway Protocol i ke alahele ma waena o nā ʻōnaehana Autonomous ʻokoʻa. ʻO kekahi o ia ʻōnaehana hiki iā ʻoe ke ISP, a hiki i kā lākou ʻōnaehana a hiki i 200 mau mea ala. Hoʻohana nā ʻōnaehana autonomous i ka protocol gateway waho e kamaʻilio me kekahi.
ʻO nā kaʻina puka puka kūloko ʻo RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, a hoʻohana ʻia hoʻokahi protocol ma ke ʻano he protocol puka waho - BGP.
ʻO nā wehewehe ʻelua e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo ʻo Distance Vector a me Link State. ʻElua ʻano kēia o ka protocol routing gateway kūloko.
Manaʻo mākou he 3 mau mea ala i hoʻopili ʻia kekahi i kekahi a me ka pūnaewele 192.168.10.0/24. E kapa mākou iā lākou ʻo A, B, a me C. Mai ka papa ICND1, ʻike mākou i ka hopena ke hoʻohana ʻoe iā RIP.
No ka mea kokoke loa ka Router B i ka pūnaewele 192.168.10.0/24, hoʻouna mua ʻo Router B i kahi hoʻolaha e pili ana i kēia pūnaewele iā Router A a me Router C. Hoʻouna pū ʻo Router C i kēia hoʻolaha iā Router A. Loaʻa i ka Router A ka ʻike e pili ana i ka pūnaewele 192.168.10.0 /24 ma o ʻelua mau kikowaena - f0/0 a me f0/1. Ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka protocol RIPv2 i ka metric Hop Count, e haʻi ʻo ia i ke alalai ʻo ke ala maikaʻi loa e komo ai i kēia pūnaewele ma o Router B, no ka mea hiki ke loaʻa ka pūnaewele i hoʻokahi hop. Inā hoʻohana ʻoe i ka interface f192.168.10.0/24 e kamaʻilio me ka pūnaewele 0/1, a laila e koi ʻia nā hops 2. No laila, mai ka manaʻo o ka router A, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka interface f0 / 0. Hana ʻo A i kēia hoʻoholo no ka mea hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka RIP, kahi protocol vector mamao.
Wahi a ke kiʻikuhi i hōʻike ʻia, ʻike mākou ʻo ia ka hopena pololei, no ka mea ʻo ka mamao ma waena o A a me B ka pōkole loa. Akā, he aha ka hopena inā ʻōlelo wau aia kahi laina 64 kbps ma waena o A a me B, a me kahi laina 100 Mbps ma waena o C a me B, a aia ka laina like ma waena o C a me A?
He aha ke ala ma lalo o ia mau kūlana e lilo i mea maikaʻi loa?
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka 100 megabits i kēlā me kēia laina ma mua o 64 kilobits i kēlā me kēia laina kekona, ʻoiai ʻo ke ala ma ia laina he 2 hops ma kahi o hoʻokahi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ka mamao vector protocol RIP i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ke kaʻa, no ka mea ke alakaʻi ʻia ke koho o ke ala kūpono e ka helu liʻiliʻi o nā hops. I kēia hihia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi protocol Link State e like me OSPF. Ke nānā nei kēia protocol i ke kumukūʻai o nā ala, a loaʻa ka mea "ʻoi loa", e hoʻouna i nā kaʻa ma ke ala ʻo Router A - Router C - Router B.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me RIP, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka OSPF, e lawe ana i nā kumu he nui i ka wā e hoʻoholo ai i ke ala maikaʻi loa, a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ke ala pōkole loa ma nā ʻōlelo metric.
ʻO EIGRP kahi protocol routing proprietary Cisco i kēia manawa a ua wehe ʻia i kēia manawa. He hui ia o nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ka protocol vector mamao a me ka protocol state network. Hoʻopili ia i ka bandwidth a me ka lohi o ka pūnaewele. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ala, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hops, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lohi. No laila, koho ka protocol EIGRP i ke ala me ka nui o ka hiki a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka lohi ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā metric ala. ʻO ka throughput a me ka latency i hōʻike ʻia he ʻāpana ia o ke ʻano e pili ana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke ala ala.
ʻO kēia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā protocols Distance Vector a me Link State. Noʻonoʻo wale nā protocols vector mamao i ka mamao o kahi ala, aʻo nā protocol Link State e noʻonoʻo i ke kūlana o ka pūnaewele ma ke ala o ke ala, e like me ka wikiwiki a me ka puka.
ʻO EIGRP kahi protocol routing hybrid e like me ka hui pū ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā protocol ʻelua i luna. Mai ka manaʻo o Cisco, ʻo ia ka protocol routing maikaʻi loa, no laila makemake ʻia e nā ʻenekini a pau o ka hui, akā ʻo ka protocol maʻamau i ka honua ʻo OSPF. ʻO ke kumu, ua lilo ʻo EIGRP i mea maʻamau i wehe ʻia, no laila ʻaʻole maopopo ka poʻe kūʻai aku ʻekolu i kona kūlike me kā lākou mau lako pūnaewele.
E noʻonoʻo i ke ʻano o ka hilinaʻi i ka protocol. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike alahele ʻo A mai 2 mau kumu like ʻole, hoʻohana ʻo ia i ke ʻano e hoʻoholo ai i kahi o nā ala ʻelua e hoʻokomo i ka papa kuhikuhi. He mea maʻalahi no ka mea nānā ʻo ia i nā palena ala B-A a me A-C-B, hoʻohālikelike iā lākou a hana i ka hoʻoholo maikaʻi loa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻouka pū ʻia ʻo OSPF i nā kaulike, ʻo ia hoʻi, inā ʻelua mau ala i like ke kumukūʻai, a laila hana ia i ka load balancing. E noʻonoʻo mākou i kēia pilikia ma nā wikiō aʻe, akā i kēia lā makemake wau e ʻike wale ʻoe e pili ana.
E nānā kākou i ka papaʻaina. Ma lalo iho e huki hou au i nā mea hoʻokele A, B a me C, e hana ana i kahi ʻōnaehana pūnaewele autonomous i kāu hui. Inā paha ua loaʻa i kāu hui kekahi hui ʻē aʻe i loaʻa kahi ʻōnaehana me nā mea hoʻokele A1, B1, a me C1. No laila, ʻelua kāu hui, kēlā me kēia me kāna pūnaewele ponoʻī. E'ōlelo kākou i ka hoʻohana muaʻana i ka protocol EIGRP, aʻo ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka OSPF.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho hou i kāu pūnaewele e hoʻohana i ka OSPF, a i ʻole e hoʻololi i ka pūnaewele o kāu hui i loaʻa iā EIGRP, akā ʻo ia kahi hui holoʻokoʻa o ka hana hoʻokele. No kahi hui liʻiliʻi, hiki ke hana i kēia, akā inā nui ka ʻoihana, a laila he hana nui kēia. I kēia hihia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi hou, ʻo ia hoʻi, e lawe i nā ala EIGRP a e puʻunaue iā lākou ma luna o OSPF, a e hāʻawi hou i nā ala OSPF ma luna o EIGRP. Ua hiki loa. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono e hana kekahi o kāu hui i nā protocols ʻelua - EIGRP a me OSPF, e manaʻo paha ʻo ia ka router B. E loaʻa iā ia kahi papa kuhikuhi, kahi e loaʻa ai kekahi o nā ala mai EIGRP, a me kekahi mai OSPF. E ʻōlelo kākou he pūnaewele ʻē aʻe kā mākou e pili ana i nā hui ʻelua. I kēia hihia, e hoʻohana ka hui mua i nā ala o ka papa EIGRP e kamaʻilio me ia, a ʻo ka lua e hoʻohana i nā ala mai ka protocol OSPF, a he mea paʻakikī loa e hoʻohālikelike i kēia mau ala i loaʻa mai nā kumu like ʻole, no ka mea, ʻo kēlā me kēia. koho lākou i ke ala maikaʻi loa e like me kāna metric ponoʻī.
I kēia hihia, hoʻohana ʻia ka manaʻo o Administrative Distance, a i ʻole ka mamao hoʻokele. Kōkua ia i ke alalai e koho i ke ala kūpono loa mai nā ala i loaʻa mai nā protocol routing like ʻole. No ka laʻana, inā pili pono ke alalai B me ke alalai C, a laila ʻo 0 ka mamao hoʻokele, ʻo ia ke ala hilinaʻi loa. Inā paha e haʻi aku ʻo A iā B ua loaʻa iā ia ke komo iā C, a laila e pane aku ka mea hoʻokele B iā ia: "Mahalo no kāu ʻike, akā pili pololei ʻo router C iaʻu, no laila koho wau i ke koho me kahi mamao hoʻokele liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole ka koho e kamaʻilio ma o ʻoe".
Hōʻike ka mamao hoʻomalu i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hilinaʻi i ka protocol. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka mamao hoʻokele, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hilinaʻi. ʻO ka koho hope loa i hilinaʻi ʻia ma hope o ka pili pololei ʻana he pilina paʻa me kahi mamao hoʻokele o 1. ʻO ka pae hilinaʻi no EIGRP ʻo 90, OSPF 110, a me RIP 120.
No laila, inā EIGRP a me OSPF e like me ka like pūnaewele, e hilinaʻi ka mea alalai i ka routing 'ike i loaʻa mai EIGRP, no ka mea, keia protocol i ka administrative mamao o 90, ka mea emi ma mua o ka OSPF.
Mahalo no kou noho pū ʻana me mākou. Makemake ʻoe i kā mākou ʻatikala? Makemake ʻoe e ʻike i nā mea hoihoi hou aʻe? E kākoʻo iā mākou ma ke kau ʻana i kahi kauoha a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo ʻana i nā hoaaloha, 30% ho'ēmi no nā mea hoʻohana Habr ma kahi kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa o nā kikowaena helu komo, i hana ʻia e mākou no ʻoe: (loaʻa me RAID1 a me RAID10, a hiki i 24 cores a hiki i 40GB DDR4).
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Source: www.habr.com